小青龙对磺胺甲基异嗯唑在上呼吸道分布的影响

目的研究小青龙对磺胺甲基异繟唑(SMZ)在风寒型上呼吸道感染病人呼吸道中分布的影响.方法12名风寒型上呼吸道感染病人,分成两组,每组6人,一组连续服用复方SMZ片6 d,另一组服用复方SMZ片与小青龙,采用HPLC法测定SMZ在血及痰液中的浓度.比较服用与未服用小青龙者痰液与血液中SMZ浓度的比例变化.结果服用小青龙的病人,比例为(64.66±5.65)%,未服用者(44.01±3.64)%,两组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.01).结论小青龙能有效提高风寒型上呼吸道感染病人痰液中SMZ浓度.     

磺胺甲基异噁唑致大量血尿1例的分析

磺胺药自30年代中期问世至今已有60年历史,由于具有抗菌谱广、疗效确切、口服吸收迅速、性质稳定、价格低廉等优点至今仍被广泛应用。磺胺甲基异唑(新诺明,SMZ)更具有服用简便、用量小的优势,临床应用尤为广泛,但近年来对其应用注意事项亦多忽略,毒副作用也时常发生。最近我们曾遇1例在5h内口服4片（1．92g）SMZ导致大量血尿的患者,引起许多反思,现报道如下。1病例资料患者男,13岁零8月,学生。入院前在学校上体育课,跑步约2000m,出汗较多,1999年10月19日晚返家后感全身不适,进食少许即卧床休息,次日晨起感畏寒发热、全身酸…     

04052 WHO改变增效磺胺甲基异噁唑用于HIV的相关条例

联合国三家机构——WHO、UNAIDS和UNICEF，将修改关于增效磺胺甲基异噁唑(co—trimoxazole)(Ⅰ)作为感染HIV儿童预防药物的推荐，这是根据一项赞比亚的试验发现这种抗生素能减少43％的AIDS相关死亡率。     

几种崩解剂在复方磺胺甲基异噁唑片中的崩解时限比较

复方磺胺甲基异唑片的良好疗效和广泛的临床应用使其成为常用不衰的药物,然而该药的崩解问题一直在探索之中[1～3]。在严格操作规程及其它条件基本相同的情况下,选用适当的崩解剂至关重要。现将我院近年来生产崩解剂方法介绍如下。1常用崩解剂1．1（干）淀粉及其用法：本品为应用最广的崩解剂。淀粉因来源及含水量的不同,对药片的崩解速度也会产生一定的影响。而干淀粉是将通常含水分的市售淀粉经失水处理,即用前应在100～105℃先行干燥,使含水量在8％～10％之间。使用干淀粉作崩解剂时,加入的方法是内加法,即是将崩解剂与处方中其它…     

高效液相色谱法测定复方磺胺甲噁唑片中磺胺甲噁唑的含量

目的:建立测定复方磺胺甲噁唑片中磺胺甲噁唑含量的高效液相色谱法。方法:色谱柱为Kromasil C_(18)柱,流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(20:80:0.1,三乙胺调pH 4.0),流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为254 nm。结果:磺胺甲噁唑回收率为100.2％,RSD小于2.0％。结论:HPLC法测定复方磺胺甲噁恶唑片中磺胺甲噁唑的含量具有快速、精密、准确的特点。     

RP-HPLC法测定颠茄磺苄啶片中磺胺甲基异噁唑与甲氧苄啶含量

目的 采用反相高效液相色谱法测定颠茄磺苄啶片中磺胺甲基异噁唑与甲氧苄啶的含量。方法 RP-HPLC法。SerialC18色谱柱；甲醇-0．05mol／L磷酸盐缓冲液(25：75)为流动相；检测波长为240nnl．外标法测定。结果 磺胺甲基异噁唑平均回收率为98．8％，RSD为0．75％；甲氧苄啶平均回收率为98．7％，RSD为1．01％。结论 该方法简便、准确、可靠，可用于颠茄磺苄啶片中磺胺甲基异噁唑及甲氧苄啶的含量测定。     

双波长分光光度法测定复方磺胺甲异噁唑混悬剂两主药的含量

采用双波长分光光度法测定复方磺胺甲基异噁唑混悬剂中两主药的含量,相关系数0.9999,平均回收率和精密度分别为SMZ 99.6%,RSD=0.38%;TMP 98.3%,RSD=0.22%.本法操作简便、快速、结果准确、精密度高.     

复方磺胺甲噁唑的不良反应

复方磺胺甲唑 (泻痢停 )是止泻止痢药物 ,具有高效、速效、疗效稳定 ,经济方便等优点。近年来有其不良反应的文献报道 ,现综述如下。1　药疹患者 ,女 ,74岁 ,因肠炎给予口服复方磺胺甲唑 2片后 ,感全身皮肤发痒 ,1ｈ后全身多处出现大小不等的紫红色斑 ,水肿明显 ,部分皮损中呈现小疱 ,且伴食欲不振、乏力等 ,经抗过敏治疗 ,1 2ｄ治愈[1 ] 。患者 2 ,女 ,40岁 ,因腹泻自服复方磺胺甲唑 2片 ,1ｈ后 ,患者口唇发麻 ,肿胀 ,继之全身出现红斑 ,伴发冷、发热 ,体检上下唇弥漫性糜烂 ,少许渗血 ,颊粘膜及舌尖小片溃疡 ,双手背、足背双前臂大…     

儿童反复呼吸道感染影响因素研究

目的 探讨儿童反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory tract infections,RRTIs)的影响因素,为科学防治提供依据.方法 以108名RRTIs儿童为病例组,按照1∶1匹配的原则选取108名非RRTIs儿童为对照组,通过病例-对照研究探讨危险因素.结果 多因素logistic回归分析发现,儿童入托入园(OR=2.80)、被动吸烟(OR=1.82)和近1年来使用抗生素≥3次(OR=1.75)是儿童RRTIs的危险因素;每周摄入动物肝脏、血≥5次(OR=0.40)是其保护性因素.结论 儿童RRTIs受多种因素的影响,通过减少被动吸烟、减少抗生素滥用和增加动物肝脏、血的摄入可减少该病的发生.     

Cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection

Summary

Cefuroxime is a new parenteral antibiotic with a wider spectrum of activity than earlier cephalosporins and is particularly active against Haemophilus influenzae, including strains resistant to ampicillin due to β-lactamase production. From 18 centres, 274 patients suffering with 275 infections were treated with cefuroxime sodium using the standard regimen of 750?mg 8-hourly by intramuscular injection. The clinical results showed a 90% success rate in the patients with bronchopneumonia (105), 91% in patients with post-operative pneumonia (74), and 89% in the patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (96). Renal function was closely monitored during therapy, and no adverse changes attributable to cefuroxime therapy were seen in any patient, including those who also received frusemide. Two patients (0.7%) developed a rash, although 8 penicillin-allergic patients were treated without incident. From these studies, it can be concluded that 750?mg cefuroxime 8-hourly is effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. It is suggested that the attributes of this antibiotic may offer several advantages over existing therapies.     

加替沙星治疗下呼吸道感染

目的 :评价加替沙星治疗下呼吸道感染的临床疗效及安全性。方法 :66例病人分成 2组。加替沙星组 34例 [男性 19例 ,女性 15例 ,年龄 (35±s11)a];左氧氟沙星组 32例 [男性 18例 ,女性 14例 ,年龄 (38± 12 )a]。分别给予加替沙星 0 .4g静脉滴注qd ;左氧氟沙星 0 .2 g静脉滴注bid治疗。疗程均为 7～ 14d。结果 :加替沙星组和左氧氟沙星组的总有效率分别为 91%和 91% ,细菌清除率为90 %和 90 %。不良反应发生率分别为 6%和6%。 2组差别无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :加替沙星亦是治疗下呼吸道感染安全有效的药物     

反复下呼吸道感染患儿罹患细菌性下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:探讨儿童反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory tract infection,RRTI)罹患细菌性下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药率特点.方法:回顾收集同期收治的RRTI和非RRTI罹患细菌性下呼吸道感染者为RRTI组和非RRTI组(每组各150例),对比2组患者的病原菌分布及耐药性差异.结果...     

Clinical study of cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections

Summary

Twenty-three hospital in-patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections were treated with cefuroxime sodium. The drug was given intramuscularly in a dose of either 750?mg or 1000?mg at 8-hourly intervals for 5 days. Of the 21 patients who could be assessed, the response to treatment was highly satisfactory and there were no treatment failures. Eight patients had failed to respond to a course of oral antibiotics before being seen. Most of the patients were elderly and all were very ill. The sputum became mucoid in all but 1 patient. There was no change in tests of liver or renal function. Cefuroxime appears to be an effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of patients with severe chest infections.     

热毒宁注射液治疗小儿上呼吸道感染疗效观察

目的观察热毒宁注射液和利巴韦林注射液对小儿上呼吸道感染的治疗效果。方法 108例上呼吸道感染患儿随机分为治疗组（56例）和对照组（52例）。治疗组给予热毒宁注射液治疗,对照组给予利巴韦林注射液治疗,疗程均为3～6d。结果治疗组与对照组总有效率有显著差异（P〈0.05）,2组症状改善及白细胞恢复正常时间均有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论热毒宁注射液治疗上呼吸道感染比利巴韦林注射液更有效。     

静注氟氯西林钠治疗急性呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的评价静注氟氯西林钠(半合成青霉素类抗生素)治疗呼吸系统急性感染的有效性和安全性。方法采用前瞻、随机、盲法、对照、多中心临床试验,试验组106例注射氟氯西林钠,对照组107例注射氯唑西林钠,剂量均为每次2g,2次/日,疗程均为5~14天。本研究入选218例,可评价患者213例。结果2组的治愈率比较,氟氯西林钠优于氯唑西林钠(68.87%vs50.94%,P=0.008);2组的有效率基本相当,分别为96.23%,96.26%。2组细菌清除率均为96.34%。2组不良反应发生3例、10例(2.78%vs9.09%,P=0.049);主要为注射部位的疼痛、皮疹、恶心、肝功能异常、尿素氮升高等,程度均为轻度,呈一过性。结论氟氯西林钠对临床常见致病菌所致的急性呼吸道感染与已上市使用的氯唑西林钠具有相同或更好的抗菌活性,特别对产青霉素酶的葡萄球菌感染,效果较好,不良反应发生率较低。     

Comparative trial of co-trimoxazole and tetracycline in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection

Summary

One hundred and twenty-six adult patients with acute lower respiratory infection were studied in a double-blind trial. One group was treated with co-trimoxazole (480?mg trimethoprim and 2400?mg sulphamethoxazole) per day and the other group with tetracycline 2 g per day. The results showed that co-trimoxazole was significantly more effective than tetracycline as judged by clinical improvement, and the reduction in sputum volume andpurulence. No haematological abnormalities were observed, but the incidence of side-effects, though mostly mild, was higher in the group of patients on tetracycline than in the co-trimoxazole group. The results of this study strongly suggest that co-trimoxazole may be a useful and reliable drug in the treatment and control of acute lower respiratory tract infection in the developing countries.