Chemical synthesis of the thymidylate synthase gene.

A 978-base-pair gene that encodes thymidylate synthase (TS; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) from Lactobacillus casei has been synthesized and inserted into Escherichia coli expression vectors. The DNA sequence contains 35 unique restriction sites that are located an average of 28 base pairs apart throughout the entire length of the gene. A ribosome binding site was included 9 base pairs upstream from the translation start site and codon usage was adjusted to ensure efficient translation in E. coli. The TS gene is flanked by unique EcoRI and HindIII restriction sites that render the gene portable to any of several E. coli expression vectors. Catalytically active TS encoded by the synthetic gene is expressed in large amounts (10-20% of the soluble protein) and is indistinguishable from that isolated from L. casei. The utility of the synthetic gene for mutagenesis is demonstrated by a single experiment in which His-199 was replaced with 14 different amino acids. Analysis of the mutants by genetic complementation indicates that TS can tolerate a number of amino acid substitutions at that position and shows that His-199 is not strictly required for catalytic activity.     

编码弓形虫表面抗原P30基因的克隆及在E.coli中的表达

目的　构建编码弓形虫RH株表面抗原P30基因重组表达质粒 ,初步观察P30基因在E coli表达。方法　将P30基因定向克隆到分支杆菌 -大肠杆菌穿梭表达质粒热休克蛋白 70 (hsp70 )起动基因的下游的多克隆位点 ,构建重组表达质粒pBCG -P30 ;采用亚克隆技术 ,将含P30和hsp70起动基因的复合片段 ,插入表达载体 pBK -CMV质粒 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α ,在卡那霉素阳性LB培养基平板筛选阳性重组子 ,并经双酶切及PCR扩增鉴定。重组质粒 pBK -P30转化大肠杆菌 ,IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS -PAGE和Westernboltting分析。 结果　 1)阳性重组质粒 pBCG -P30、pBK -P30经酶切和PCR鉴定 ,与预期的结果相符合。 2 )序列测定证实克隆的基因为编码P30抗原的基因。 3)P30基因在大肠杆菌诱导表达后获得4 5kDa融合蛋白 ,此抗原未被弓形虫高免兔血清识别。结论　成功构建编码弓形虫表面抗原P30重组表达质粒 ,并在大肠杆菌中获得表达 ,为弓形虫DNA疫苗的研制奠定基础     

幽门螺杆菌融合蛋白HspA-UreB在大肠杆菌中的表达与鉴定

目的在大肠杆菌中表达幽门螺杆菌(简称Hp)HspA-UreB融合蛋白,并探索其免疫反应性,为Hp基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础。方法用PCR方法扩增郑州分离Hp菌株MEL-HP27的hspA和ureB基因,分别克隆入pNEB193中。测序后,回收两种基因片段,并以hspA-ureB的顺序连接插入原核表达载体pMAL-C2x进行融合表达。采用蛋白印迹法对表达产物进行鉴定。结果特异PCR法和酶切鉴定证实融合基因hspA-ureB克隆入表达载体中;重组质粒转化大肠杆菌TB1后,经IPTG诱导3h,SDS-PAGE电泳显示在119kDa处出现一条特异蛋白带,即麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)与HspA-UreB的融合表达形式,约占细菌总体蛋白含量的31%;该融合蛋白与Hp免疫小鼠血清和Hp阳性病人血清的Westernblot分析结果显示,在119kDa处出现特异杂交带。结论成功地在大肠杆菌中实现了Hp融合蛋白HspA-UreB的高效表达,并证实其具有良好的免疫反应性。     

Altered Cro repressors from engineered mutagenesis of a synthetic cro gene.

A portion of the gene coding for the Cro repressor protein of bacteriophage lambda has been chemically synthesized, incorporating base pair changes that generate restriction endonuclease sites without altering the amino acid coding sequence. These restriction endonuclease sites were used to remove small segments of the synthetic cro gene and the segments were replaced with duplexes carrying desired mutations. Altered Cro proteins produced by mutants constructed in this manner were then assayed for binding to lambda operator OR3 in vivo. Mutations directed into the region of the cro gene encoding the alpha-3 helix produced altered Cro proteins with a range of affinities for operator DNA. These changes suggest which amino acids play an important role in Cro-OR3 complex formation.     

细粒棘球绦虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶基因的表达及抗原性分析

目的在原核系统表达并初步鉴定细粒棘球绦虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶(EgTPx)基因重组蛋白的抗原性。方法对已构建的重组质粒pMD-18T-EgTPx进行限制性酶切,获取目的基因片段后连接到表达质粒载体pET30a,构建重组表达质粒pET30a-EgTPx,转化大肠杆菌DH5α。筛选阳性克隆,经限制性酶切分析、PCR及测序鉴定后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),以异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表达产物,对表达产物纯化后用Western-blot方法和ELISA鉴定重组EgTPx蛋白的抗原性。结果构建的重组表达质粒pET30a-EgTPx阳性克隆经PCR与双酶切鉴定,与预期结果一致,测序鉴定无基因突变,开放阅读框正确;含有pET30a-EgTPx重组表达质粒的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)诱导后得到了高效表达,SDS-PAGE显示表达产物分子量约为27 kDa,而且主要以包涵体形式存在;Western-blot和ELISA结果表明EgTPx重组抗原可以被棘球蚴感染羊阳性血清特异性识别。结论成功构建了pET30a-EgTPx表达质粒,EgTPx重组蛋白得到了高效表达,表达产物具有良好的抗原性。     

肺炎支原体P1蛋白抗原决定簇在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

目的　得到肺炎支原体主要粘附蛋白 (P1蛋白 )的表达蛋白。材料与方法　用PCR产物限制性片段长度多肽性(RFLP)分析等方法鉴定实验用肺炎支原体菌株。针对P1蛋白基因设计上、下游引物 ,进行PCR扩增。对PCR产物进行回收、纯化 ,克隆入PET - 2 8C(+)表达载体 ,并转化入宿主菌BL2 1。对重组质粒进行酶切及PCR鉴定后 ,IPTG诱导目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)中表达 ,并以Ni-Agarose亲和层析柱纯化。结果　 1)本实验所用菌株为肺炎支原体 2型。 2 )经PCR扩增得到预期含有BamHI和XhoI的 5 33bp的目的片段。 3)完成目的基因片段的克隆与表达 ,得到 2 0kDa左右表达蛋白。经诱导阳性质粒的蛋白表达 ,得到较大量纯化的目的蛋白。结论　本研究以国际标准株FH为模板 ,成功获得纯化的近 2 0kDa的P1蛋白片段 ,其大小与目的片段理论值相符 ,且此片段在肺炎支原体 1型与 2型中的基因同源性为 98%。为在基因和蛋白水平进一步研究肺炎支原体P1蛋白成分在肺炎支原体粘附和引起机体免疫反应中的作用机制 ,打下了良好的基础。     

结核分枝杆菌PPE19的克隆及其GST融合蛋白的表达和鉴定

目的构建结核分枝杆菌PPE19的GST融合蛋白表达载体,并鉴定其在大肠杆菌中的表达。方法以结核杆菌H37Rv基因组为模板,根据PPE19基因序列设计引物,运用PCR的方法获得PPE19基因,并将其克隆到pGEX-kg载体中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑取阳性菌落进行质粒的酶切和序列分析;将构建正确的克隆进行诱导表达,对菌体裂解物进行SDS-PAGE分析;用western-blot鉴定融合蛋白的表达。结果正确构建了pGEX-PPE19原核表达载体,载体上基因序列正确;载体能在大肠杆菌中表达分子量约为70 kDa的重组蛋白;该蛋白能与GST抗体结合。结论成功构建了GST-PPE19融合蛋白的表达载体,为进一步进行PPE19蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

重组原核表达质粒PTrc99A-ureB/hlyE 的构建和表达

目的 构建表达幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）尿素酶B亚单位（ureB）基因与大肠杆菌K-12株hlyE基因融合表达的原核表达质粒pTcr99A-hlyE.并表达。方法 用PCR扩增hlyE基因，经本科切连接反应将其克隆入重组原核表达质粒并测序，与GenBank中的核酸和蛋白序列进行BLAST分析，重组的阳性克隆经IPTG诱导培养，SDS-PAGE电泳进行表达分析，薄层扫描分析融合蛋白的含量。结果 对重组质粒进行酶切和PCR检测，证明构建了携带hlyE及ureB基因的重组原核表达质粒pTrc99A-ureB/hlyE,核酸序列测定及同源性分析证实所构建的原核表达质粒pTrc99A-ureB/hlyE中所含的Hp-ureB及hlyE与GeneBank中的Hp-ureB和hlyE序列的同源性分别为97.42%（1663/1707）、99%（910/918）。重组细菌JM109可表达约100kD的融合蛋白含量的15.5%。结论 构建并鉴定了原核表达质粒pTrc99A-hlyE并高效表达，为研究Hp口服疫苗奠定了基础。     

间日疟原虫MSP1C端基因亚克隆及在肠埃希菌中的融合表达

目的　在大肠埃希菌中融合表达间日疟原虫MSP1C端编码基因 ,以获得能作为检测抗原的重组蛋白GST PvMSP1C。　方法　以限制性内切酶BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切质粒pMD/PvMSP1C ,获得间日疟原虫MSP1C端编码基因片段 ,柱纯化后 ,插入表达质粒载体的多克隆位点 ,构建重组体 pGEX 4T 2 /PvMSP1C ,并转化大肠埃希菌BL2 1(DE3 ) ,阳性克隆以限制性酶切分析鉴定后 ,以IPTG进行诱导表达 ,表达产物以SDS PAGE电泳与免疫印迹分析。　结果　双酶切质粒pMD/PvMSP1C ,获得 1119bp的PvMSP1C编码基因片段 ,与预期片段大小相符 ;所构建的 pGEX 4T 2 /PvMSP1C重组体阳性克隆经双酶切鉴定与预期结果一致 ;SDS PAGE电泳显示 ,GST PvMSP1C融合表达蛋白的大小约 63ku ,且能够分别被GST抗体与间日疟患者的血清所识别。　结论　成功亚克隆并构建了间日疟原虫MSP1C端编码基因 pGEX 4T 2 /PvMSP1C表达质粒 ,诱导表达了GST PvMSP1C融合蛋白 ,表达蛋白具有一定免疫活性。     

High-level expression of sperm whale myoglobin in Escherichia coli.

Sperm whale myoglobin was expressed in Escherichia coli from a totally synthetic gene inserted in the expression vector pUC19. The gene was constructed as 23 overlapping oligonucleotides encoding both strands of the DNA. Gene synthesis provides several advantages over traditional eukaryotic gene-cloning techniques, allowing the incorporation of an efficient ribosome binding site, appropriate initiation and termination sequences, restriction enzyme sites for convenient subcloning and future mutagenesis, and frequently used codons for highly expressed E. coli genes. The sperm whale myoglobin expressed from the synthetic gene constituted approximately 10% of the total soluble protein as holo-protein, indicating that iron-protoporphyrin IX biosynthesis and prosthetic-group incorporation are not limiting in the high-level expression of this heme protein in E. coli. We credit the use of frequently used E. coli codons for the observed high-level expression. The sperm whale myoglobin produced is stable, easily purified to homogeneity, and indistinguishable from commercially available sperm whale myoglobin by optical and magnetic spectroscopic methods.     

Biologically active protease of foot and mouth disease virus is expressed from cloned viral cDNA in Escherichia coli.

Foot and mouth disease virus O1K cDNA had been cloned in Escherichia coli. Here we report on in vitro recombination of cDNA fragments according to the cDNA restriction map and on expression of viral proteins in E. coli. Use was made of the expression vector pPLVP1 , which is known to express the virus capsid protein VP1. Recombined cDNAs of various sizes were inserted downstream from the VP1 gene. The constructed plasmids differ from each other in the number of virus genes coding for nonstructural proteins. The effects caused by their expression in E. coli are compared. It is shown that the virus protease is expressed in E. coli as an active enzyme that recognizes the simultaneously produced virus-specific polyprotein as substrate. The virus protease gene was mapped 5'-adjacent to the virus replicase gene.     

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫末端结合蛋白 1 基因的克隆与原核表达

目的 克隆并原核表达 C2 株蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia lambia,简称贾第虫)末端结合蛋白 1(End-bind- ing protein 1,geb1)基因,获得重组 gEB1 蛋白。 方法 由于 geb1 基因无内含子,我们以 C2 株贾第虫基因组为模板,以国际标准株WB 株geb1 基因序列为参考序列,设计引物克隆 geb1 基因,经 NcoⅠ和 XhoⅠ双酶切与原核表达载体 pET-28α(+)连接,转化感受态 E. coli TOP10,经筛选和测序验证后导入大肠杆菌 E. coli Rosetta(DE3),异丙基-β-D -硫代半乳糖(IPTG)诱导 gEB1 蛋白表达,产物经 SDS-PAGE 和 Western blot 进行检测和验证。 结果 成功构建了表 达 C2 株贾第虫 geb1 基因的原核表达载体 pET-28α(+)- gEB1,转化入大肠杆菌 E. coli Rosetta(DE3),重组菌株经 0. 1 mmol / L IPTG ,30℃低温诱导 5 h, SDS-PAGE 和 Western blot 显示,在相对分子量约 29 KDa 的位置出现目的蛋 白条带,与理论值一致。 结论 用大肠杆菌成功表达了 gEB1 蛋白,为 gEB1 蛋白的功能研究和抗体制备提供了材料。     

Isolation and characterization of a lambdapolA transducing phage.

A plaque-forming lambdapolA phage was isolated from a population of transducing phage made in vitro from Escherichia coli DNA and a phage vector digested with restriction endonuclease HindIII. Amber mutations, in genes whose products are necessary for late protein synthesis (Q) and cell lysis (S), were crossed into the lambdapolA phage. Infection of either polA+ or polA- bacteria with this phage, under conditions permitting DNA replication but preventing phage production and lysis, elevated the levels of DNA polymerase I to between 75- and 100-fold that detected in a wild-type strain. The kinetics of enzyme production suggest that the polA gene is transcribed from its own promoter rather than from any of the well-characterized phage promoters. The fragment of E. coli DNA within the lambdapolA phage comprises approximately 5000 base pairs, sufficient to accommodate the polA gene and one, or two, coding sequences for smaller proteins.     

空肠弯曲菌CadF蛋白的原核表达与产物分析

目的构建空肠弯曲菌cadF基因重组表达质粒pET30a(+)-cadF,分析其在大肠埃希菌中的表达情况及其融合蛋白的抗原性。方法用PCR方法扩增cadF基因,构建重组克隆质粒和表达质粒,经菌落PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定后在E.coli(DE3)原核表达系统中诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和飞行时间质谱鉴定表达蛋白,Western blot分析其抗原性。结果含重组表达载体pET-30a(+)-cadF中的cadF基因序列经测序证实与出发菌株cadF基因序列100%同源,并成功诱导表达CadF蛋白,Westernblot显示该CadF融合蛋白能被抗空肠弯曲菌多克隆兔血清识别。结论成功构建了空肠弯曲菌cadF基因重组表达载体,表达产物具有抗原性。     

恶性疟原虫FCC-1/HN株环子孢子蛋白基因片段的亚克隆及表达

目的 构建恶性疟原虫FCC－1／HN株CSP基因的重组真核表达质粒pBK－CSP,在大肠杆菌中进行表达,并进行鉴定。方法 采用限制性内切酶法从重组的大肠杆菌－分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pBCG5.6/CSP中分离出经过测序鉴定的CSP基因片段,将其亚克隆于pBK－CMV真核表达载体,构建重组真核表达质粒pBK-CSP.经IPTG诱导,重组质粒在大肠杆菌DH5α中进行表达,并进行SDS－PAGE及免疫印迹分析。结果 从pBCG5.6/CSP中分离出SP基因片段,成功构建pBK-CSP重组质粒;SDS－PAGE及免疫印迹分析结果显示特异性蛋白条带的相对分子质量约为42000。结论 从pBCG5．6／CSP中成功分离出CSP基因片段,并成功构建pBK-CSP重组质粒,诱导表达CSP非融合蛋白,为恶性疟原虫DNA疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

TAT-HBX-EGFP蛋白的表达与纯化

目的构建TAT-HBx-EGFP质粒,转化大肠埃希菌BL21,进行蛋白的表达、鉴定及纯化。方法 PCR扩增目的基因HBx,进行EcolR1单酶切,与经EcolR1单酶切的TAT-EGFP质粒进行连接,转化大肠埃希菌BL21,利用IPTG对其进行诱导。应用West-ern blot方法鉴定表达的融合蛋白,采用Ni2＋-金属螯合亲和层析柱法对融合蛋白进行纯化。结果得到构建好的TAT-HBx-EGFP质粒及纯化的目的融合蛋白TAT-HBX-EGFP。结论通过对TAT-HBx-EGFP质粒的构建和TAT-HBX-EGFP蛋白的表达与纯化,为进一步研究HBX蛋白的致肝癌作用奠定了实验基础。     

Overproduction and dissection of proteins by the expression-cassette polymerase chain reaction.

We report an efficient, general approach for the construction of protein-overproducing strains of Escherichia coli. The method, expression-cassette polymerase chain reaction (ECPCR), allows the insertion of virtually any contiguous coding sequence between sequences that direct high-level protein biosynthesis in E. coli. The gene expression cassettes obtained by ECPCR are inserted into a regulated overexpression plasmid, and the resulting construct is used to transform E. coli. By effecting simultaneous 5' and 3' modification of a coding sequence, ECPCR permits the facile generation of mutant proteins having N- and/or C-terminal truncations. The method is a highly efficient way to dissect a multidomain protein into its component domains. The efficiency of the ECPCR approach is demonstrated in this study by construction of permuted overexpression vectors for the first two extracellular domains of the human CD4 protein.     

大肠杆菌O-抗原血清型鉴定研究进展

大肠杆菌在一定条件下能引发宿主疾病,其表面O-抗原与毒力有关。O-抗原的化学组成和结构具有高度多样性,并且O-抗原血清型种类与大肠杆菌致病性有一定联系。因此,大肠杆菌O-抗原血清型鉴定对流行病学调查,防御和控制致病性大肠杆菌病有重要意义。传统的血清学分型方法耗时长、费用高、准确度不理想。随着科学技术的发展,研究者对大肠杆菌196种O-抗原基因簇进行了破译,比较分析了不同O-抗原基因簇序列,并针对基因簇中特异性DNA序列设计分子标记,运用PCR方法对O-抗原血清型进行分型,其中包括一般PCR、多重PCR、实时PCR、DNA芯片和微球悬浮列阵法。此外,还有rbf-限制性片段长度多态性分析法,磁性微球免疫分析法和基于全基因组序列预测法,这些方法丰富了O-抗原血清型鉴定方法,弥补了传统血清学分型方法的不足。本文概述了O-抗原合成基因簇序列和O-抗原血清型鉴定方法相关研究进展。     

粪肠球菌溶血素cylL基因的原核表达

目的克隆表达粪肠球菌溶血素cylL基因,为制备单抗、开发疫苗及其致病机制研究奠定基础。方法从粪肠球菌中扩增溶血素cylL基因,相应酶切后,克隆到原核表达载体pET42a中,构建pET-cylL重组质粒。将pET-cylL质粒转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。经KpnI、XhoI酶切及测序鉴定,以IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,用SDS-PAGE、Western blot进行分析。结果PCR体外扩增cylL基因产物约206bp,成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-cylL;SDS-PAGE、Western免疫印迹显示蛋白表达带的分子量约为39.6kD。结论成功构建粪肠球菌溶血素cylL基因的重组表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达。     

羊种布鲁菌omp25的原核表达与免疫原性检测*

摘 要:目的　在大肠杆菌中表达羊种布鲁菌omp25基因并鉴定重组蛋白的免疫原性。　方法　从羊种布鲁菌中用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)扩增得到布鲁菌omp25基因片段,并将目的基因插入原核表达载体PET-32a中,构建重组质粒PET-32a/omp25转入大肠杆菌E.coliRosetta中并进行诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE和western-blot检测表达蛋白。　结果　成功构建了重组质粒PET-32a/omp25,并在大肠杆菌Rosetta中获得了重组蛋白,重组蛋白与布鲁菌阳性血清发生特异性反应。　结论 重组质粒PET-32a/omp25可以在大肠杆菌Rosetta中成功表达,并且重组蛋白可与布鲁菌阳性血清发生特异性反应,说明该重组蛋白有良好的免疫原性,该研究为之后的疫苗的研制及布鲁菌病的检测打下良好的基础。