Potential anticancer activity of myricetin in human T24 bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo

Myricetin, a naturally occurring phytochemical, has potent anticancer-promoting activity and contributes to the chemopreventive potential of several foods. In this preliminary study, we evaluate the chemopreventive potential of myricetin against bladder cancer and its mechanism of action. The results of a MTT assay showed that myricetin was able to inhibit the viability and proliferation of T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It also promoted cell cycle arrest at G2/M in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis detected by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis. Treatment with myricetin led to G2/M cell cycle arrest in T24 cells by downregulation of Cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase cdc2. Myricetin-induced apoptosis correlates with the modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and activation of the caspase-3. Myricetin also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, whereas the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was enhanced. Myricetin had a significantly reduced T24 cell migration that was accompanied by a decreasing MMP-9 expression in vitro. Furthermore, myricetin treatment significantly inhibited the tumor growth on T24 bladder cancer xenografts model. These findings suggest that myricetin has potential anticancer activity and could be an important chemoprevention agent for bladder cancer.     

Involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in G2/M arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis induced by sulforaphane in DU145 prostate cancer cells

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a major isothiocyanate compound in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. Preclinical animal models have recently shown that SFN and other isothiocyanates may be useful for prostrate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention. In this study we used a DU145 human PCa cell culture model to investigate the role of protein kinase signaling pathway(s) in SFN-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and whether another chemopreventive agent selenium enhances the apoptosis potency of SFN. The results showed that SFN exposure for 24 h or longer significantly decreased the number of viable DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of asymptotically equal to 10 microM. The decreased cell number was associated with G2/M phase arrest and apoptotic cell death, with the latter being evidenced by caspase-mediated cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and increased release of histone-associated DNA fragments. A peptide inhibitor of caspase-8 completely blocked SFN-induced apoptosis and that for caspase-9 exerted a major protection; however, neither inhibitor attenuated SFN-induced G2/M arrest. Regarding potential mediators, SFN treatment induced a transient rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) peaking within (1/2) h and the activation of JNK within 1 h but did not have any detectable effect on the phosphorylation of p38MAPK or ERK1/2 from 6 h to 24 h. Pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine to enrich intracellular glutathione blocked SFN-induced ROS and apoptotic cell death. Inhibiting the JNK activity with a pharmacologic inhibitor SP600125 abolished the induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis by SFN, whereas chemical inhibitors for p38MAPK and MEK1/2 did not have any modulating effect on SFN-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the data indicate that SFN decreased viable DU145 cell number in large part through the generation of ROS and JNK-mediated signaling to G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Selenium in the form of inorganic sodium selenite salt or methylseleninic acid did not enhance SFN-induced apoptosis in this cell culture model.     

杨梅素抑制H460人肺腺癌细胞增殖及细胞外信号调节激酶通路作用

目的研究杨梅素(myricetin)对人肺癌H460细胞的增殖抑制作用、及其作用途径。方法以人肺腺癌系H460细胞为离体研究对象,通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法研究不同浓度的杨梅素对H460细胞生长的抑制作用并测定其半数抑制浓度(IC50);Western blot法检测杨梅素对蛋白激酶B(Akt)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)磷酸化水平及cyclinD1蛋白表达的影响;流式细胞术检测细胞周期。结果杨梅素对H460细胞具有明显的抑制作用,随着杨梅素浓度的增加,细胞的生长抑制率明显升高,杨梅素作用72h的IC50值为60μg/ml。流式检测发现,杨梅素可明显降低G2/M期H460细胞比例,明显增加G0/G1和S期比例,高剂量(60、90μg/ml)杨梅素处理下,H460细胞无法进入G2/M期。蛋白印迹检测证实,杨梅素干预明显抑制ERK磷酸化、下调Cyclin D1表达水平。结论杨梅素剂量依赖性抑制H460细胞增殖与其抑制细胞进入G2/M期有关,ERK-Cyclin D1途径可能在杨梅素细胞周期调控中发挥重要作用。     

Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells In Vitro and in a MIAPaca2 Xenograft Animal Model

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and it has a poor prognosis that points to an increased need to develop effective chemoprevention strategies for this disease. We examined the ability of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Exposure to PEITC inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 7 μmol/L. PEITC treatment induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, downregulated the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, upregulated the proapoptotic protein Bak, and suppressed Notch 1 and 2 levels. In addition, treatment with PEITC induced cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and led to increased cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation and subdiploid (apoptotic) fraction in pancreatic cancer cells. Oral administration of PEITC suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Our data show that PEITC exerts its inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer cells through several mechanisms, including G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, and supports further investigation of PEITC as a chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer.     

Kaempferol induced the apoptosis via cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells

The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of kaempferol on cellular proliferation and cell cycle arrest and explore the mechanism for these effects in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453 cells. Cells were treated with kaempferol at various concentrations (ranging from 1 to 200 µM) for 24 and 48 hrs. Kaempferol significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in cells exposed to 50 and 10 µM of kaempferol and incubated for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively. Exposure to kaempferol resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Of the G2/M-phase related proteins, kaempferol down-regulated CDK1 and cyclin A and B in cells exposed to kaempferol. In addition, small DNA fragments at the sub-G0 phase were increased by up to 23.12 and 31.90% at 10 and 50 µM incubated for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively. The kaempferol-induced apoptosis was associated with the up-regulation of p53. In addition, the phosphorylation of p53 at the Ser-15 residue was observed with kaempferol. Kaempferol inhibits cell proliferation by disrupting the cell cycle, which is strongly associated with the induction of arrest at G2/M phase and may induce apoptosis via p53 phosphorylation in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453 cells.     

Effects of Selenite and Genistein on G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Combination of chemopreventive agents with distinct molecular mechanisms is considered to offer a potential for enhancing cancer prevention efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Here we report two chemopreventive agents, selenite and genistein, that have synergistic effects on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and associated signaling pathways in p53-expressing LNCaP and p53-null PC3 prostate cancer cells. We show that selenite induced apoptosis only, whereas genistein induced both apoptosis and G ₂ /M cell cycle arrest. Combination of these two agents exhibited enhanced effects, which were slightly greater in LNCaP than PC3 cells. Selenite or genistein alone upregulated protein levels of p53 in LNCaP cells only and p21 ^waf1 and Bax in both cell lines. Additionally, genistein inhibited AKT phosphorylation. Downregulation of AKT by siRNA caused apoptosis and G ₂ /M cell cycle arrest and masked the effects of genistein. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) elevated levels of total and phosphorylated AKT and suppressed the effects of genistein. Neither downregulation of AKT nor IGF-I treatment altered the cellular effects of selenite. Our study demonstrates that selenium and genistein act via different molecular mechanisms and exhibit enhanced anticancer effects, suggesting that a combination of selenium and genistein may offer better efficacy and reduction of toxicity in prostate cancer prevention.     

Downregulation of the cyclin D1/Cdk4 complex occurs during resveratrol-induced cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cell lines

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol with cancer chemopreventive properties. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. The compound inhibited cell growth and proliferation of Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner (12.5-200 micromol/L) as assessed by crystal violet assay, [(3)H]thymidine and [(14)C]leucine incorporation. Furthermore, apoptosis was determined by measuring caspase-3 activity, which increased significantly after 24 and 48 h of treatment with 200 micromol/L resveratrol. Perturbed cell cycle progression from the S to G2 phase was observed for concentrations up to 50 micromol/L, whereas higher concentrations led to reversal of the S phase arrest. These effects were specific for resveratrol; they were not observed after incubation with the stilbene analogs stilbenemethanol and rhapontin. Levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 proteins were decreased, as revealed by immunoblotting. In addition, resveratrol enhanced the expression of cyclin E and cyclin A. The protein levels of cdk2, cdk6 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were unaffected. Similar results were obtained for the colon carcinoma cell line HCT-116, indicating that cell cycle inhibition by resveratrol is independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition. The phosphorylation state of the retinoblastoma protein in Caco-2 cells was shifted from hyperphosphorylated to hypophosphorylated at 200 micromol/L, which may account for reversal of the S phase block at concentrations exceeding 50 micromol/L. These findings suggest that resveratrol exerts chemopreventive effects on colonic cancer cells by inhibition of the cell cycle.     

Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Apoptosis Induction and G2-M Arrest in Human Hepatoma Cells Involvement of Caspase-3 Activation,Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL Downregulation,and Cdc2 Kinase Activity

Genistein, biochanin-A, and daidzein, the predominant soy isoflavones, have been reported to lower the risk of cancer, but it is not known whether they protect against human hepatoma cancer. This study was designed to investigate their effects on cell growth, the cell cycle, and apoptosis induction in the human hepatoma cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, PLC, and HA22T. Genistein, biochanin-A, and daidzein inhibited growth of all five lines in a dose-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation studies and the TUNEL assay demonstrated that isoflavones caused tumor cell death by induction of apoptosis. Activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of the caspase-3 substrate, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, was seen in hepatoma cells after 24 hours' exposure to isoflavones. In addition, isoflavone cytotoxicity correlated with downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. Synergistic effects of the three isoflavones were observed on cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and anti-apoptotic protein expression. Flow cytometry showed that genistein, but not biochanin-A or daidzein, induced progressive and sustained accumulation of hepatoma cancer cells in the G2/M phase as a result of inhibition of Cdc2 kinase activity. Coapplication of caffeine prevented this cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis, showing that cell cycle arrest was not necessary for apoptosis. Furthermore, the isoflavones combination also had a significant tumor-suppressive effect in nude mice. These results suggest that isoflavones might be promising agents for the treatment of human hepatoma.     

Effects of soy isoflavones on apoptosis induction and G2-M arrest in human hepatoma cells involvement of caspase-3 activation,Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL downregulation,and Cdc2 kinase activity

Genistein, biochanin-A, and daidzein, the predominant soy isoflavones, have been reported to lower the risk of cancer, but it is not known whether they protect against human hepatoma cancer. This study was designed to investigate their effects on cell growth, the cell cycle, and apoptosis induction in the human hepatoma cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, PLC, and HA22T. Genistein, biochanin-A, and daidzein inhibited growth of all five lines in a dose-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation studies and the TUNEL assay demonstrated that isoflavones caused tumor cell death by induction of apoptosis. Activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of the caspase-3 substrate, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, was seen in hepatoma cells after 24 hours' exposure to isoflavones. In addition, isoflavone cytotoxicity correlated with downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. Synergistic effects of the three isoflavones were observed on cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and anti-apoptotic protein expression. Flow cytometry showed that genistein, but not biochanin-A or daidzein, induced progressive and sustained accumulation of hepatoma cancer cells in the G2/M phase as a result of inhibition of Cdc2 kinase activity. Coapplication of caffeine prevented this cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis, showing that cell cycle arrest was not necessary for apoptosis. Furthermore, the isoflavones combination also had a significant tumor-suppressive effect in nude mice. These results suggest that isoflavones might be promising agents for the treatment of human hepatoma.     

The production of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial membrane potential are modulated during onion oil-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells

Protective effects of Allium vegetables against cancers have been shown extensively in experimental animals and epidemiologic studies. We investigated cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by onion oil extracted from Allium cepa, a widely consumed Allium vegetable, in human lung cancer A549 cells. GC/MS analysis suggested that propyl sulfides but not allyl sulfides are major sulfur-containing constituents of onion oil. Onion oil at 12.5 mg/L significantly induced apoptosis (13% increase of apoptotic cells) as indicated by sub-G1 DNA content. It also caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase; 25 mg/L onion oil increased the percentage of G2/M cells almost 6-fold compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide control. The action of onion oil may occur via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway because cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were blocked by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and exogenous glutathione. Marked collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential suggested that dysfunction of the mitochondria may be involved in the oxidative burst and apoptosis induced by onion oil. Expression of phospho-cdc2 and phospho-cyclin B1 were downregulated by onion oil, perhaps accounting for the G2/M arrest. Overall, these results suggest that onion oil may exert chemopreventive action by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells.     

Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by lycopene in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells

Lycopene is one of the major carotenoids and is found almost exclusively in tomatoes and tomato products. Since tomato consumption is associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer, characterizing the effects of lycopene on cell growth or survival, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in LCNaP human prostate cancer cells might elucidate the mechanisms of actions of lycopene. To discover the possible anti-cancer mechanism of lycopene, water-soluble lycopene was used, and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were measured. Placebo formulation at each lycopene dose at 0.1, 1, and 5 microM was used as a control. After 6, 24, and 48 hours of incubation, cells were harvested and measured for cell viability. Lycopene at 1 microM inhibited cell growth by 31%, compared with its placebo formulation after a 48-hour incubation. Lycopene at 5 microM increased the number of cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle from 13% to 28% and decreased S-phase cells from 45% to 29%, while no shifts in cell cycle were detected in placebo-treated groups. Apoptosis was observed at the 5 microM lycopene formulation at the late stages during the 24- and 48-hour treatments. Lycopene, therefore, deserves further study as a potential chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent.     

Andrographolide Exhibits Anticancer Potential Against Human Colon Cancer Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Programmed Cell Death via Augmentation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Level

Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone and a major constituent of Andrographis paniculata Nees, exhibits remarkable anticancer activity. However, the effect of andrographolide on colon cancer has not been completely elucidated yet. Thus, we investigated the chemopreventive potential of andrographolide in colon cancer HT-29 cells. The cytotoxic potential of andrographolide on HT-29 cells was determined by MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion assay, colony formation assay, and morphological analysis; and apoptotic property by DAPI and Hoechst staining, FITC-Annexin V assay, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase-3 activity assay. To elucidate andrographolide action, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by DCFDA dye; change in mitochondrial potential by Rhodamine123 and Mito Tracker Red CMXRos dye; and cell cycle modulatory property by flow cytometric analysis. Results of the study have shown that andrographolide decreased cell viability of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, andrographolide induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells which seemed to be linked with augmented intracellular ROS level and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, andrographolide caused significant cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase at lower doses, but, in G0/G1 phase at higher doses. In summary, our results indicated that andrographolide exhibited antiproliferative and apoptotic properties against colon cancer HT-29 cells.     

DHA诱导3T3-L1前脂肪细胞G2/M期阻滞及ERK1/2通路的作用

目的探讨ERK1/2丝裂素活化蛋白激酶信号转导途径在DHA抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖中的作用。方法四唑盐比色法(MTT法)检测DHA处理24h对体外培养的3T3-L1前脂肪细胞活力的影响,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,蛋白免疫印迹法检测ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、p21水平。结果 MTT结果显示DHA干预24h可剂量依赖性降低3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的活力,抑制增殖,IC50为100μmol/L;流式细胞术结果表明,DHA可将3T3-L1前脂肪细胞阻滞在G2/M期;蛋白免疫印迹发现,DHA可明显升高3T3-L1前脂肪细胞ERK1/2磷酸化水平、增强p21蛋白表达。结论 DHA可能通过活化ERK1/2通路诱导G2/M期阻滞,进而抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖。     

Induction of cell cycle arrest by the carbazole alkaloid Clauszoline-I from Clausena vestita D. D. Tao via inhibition of the PKCδ phosphorylation

Sixteen carbazole alkaloids from Clausena vestita D. D. Tao were extracted, and their anti-tumor activities were evaluated. Among the extracts, Clauszoline-I exhibited an obvious growth inhibitory activity against several cancer cell lines through its ability to induce cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases. A?dramatic morphologic change with decreased F-actin staining and RhoA activity was found in Clauszoline-I treated HepG2 cells, in which the phosphorylation of PKCδ (Ser643) was inhibited. Our results indicated that induction cell cycle arrest by Clauszoline-I might be achieved by decreasing the RhoA activity via the inhibition of PKCδ phosphorylation.     

大蒜提取物二烯丙基三硫化物对人膀胱癌T24细胞增殖的影响

目的研究大蒜提取物二烯丙基三硫化物(DATS)于体外对人膀胱癌细胞系T24细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响及其可能机制。方法采用MTT法观察不同浓度的DATS作用不同时间后对T24细胞增殖的影响。同时应用集落形成试验观察不同浓度的DATS对T24细胞集落形成的影响。采用流式细胞仪对经不同浓度DATS作用24h后T24细胞进行细胞周期分析。应用Western blotting方法检测细胞周期相关蛋白Cdc25C的表达,以观察DATS对其的影响。结果DATS对T24细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用,MTT法显示随药物浓度升高和作用时间延长其抑制作用逐渐增强。DATS抑制T24细胞集落形成,随着浓度增高集落形成率逐步下降。经流式细胞仪检测,不同浓度DATS作用后,G2/M期细胞逐渐增多,表明DATS可引起G2/M期停滞。不同浓度DATS作用后,Cdc25C蛋白表达随药物浓度增加。结论DATS能显著抑制T24细胞增殖和集落形成,其抑制呈时间和剂量依赖性。DATS能显著抑制T24细胞中Cdc25C蛋白的表达,这可能是诱导T24细胞G2/M期停滞的分子机制之一。     

Hesperidin Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis along with Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Phase in Human Gall Bladder Carcinoma

A natural predominant flavonoid hesperidin rich in citrus fruits exhibits multifunctional medicinal properties. The anticancerous potential of hesperidin has been widely explored; however, the gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) still remains untouched due to the unavailability of efficient experimental model. The aim of our study was to identify the apoptotic and antiproliferative potential of hesperidin in GBC. The promising efficacy of hesperidin was assessed through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular apoptosis, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the primary cells generated from surgically removed cancerous gall bladder tissues. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and caspases-3 activity were performed to confirm the apoptosis inducing potential of hesperidin. Results revealed that hesperidin exposure for 24?h at a dose of 200?µM reduced the cell proliferation of GBC cells significantly. In addition, hesperidin treatment further resulted in an increased ROS generation and nuclear condensation at the same dose. Caspase-3 activation and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase were also accelerated in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that hesperidin can be considered as a potential anticancerous compound for the treatment of GBC. Furthermore, evaluation of the pharmacological aspects of hesperidin is desirable for drug development.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-aryl/arylaminobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives as a novel class of antiproliferative agents

The biological importance of microtubules in mitosis, as well as in interphase, makes them an interesting target for the development of anticancer agents. Small molecules such as benzo[b]thiophenes are attractive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Thus, a new class of compounds that incorporated the structural motif of the 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-aryl/arylamino benzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton, with electron-donating (Me, OMe, SMe or OEt) or electron-withdrawing (F and Cl) substituents on the B-ring, was synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity, inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cell cycle effects. The most promising compound in this series was 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-(4'-ethoxyphenyl)-benzo[b]thiophene (4e), which significantly inhibited cancer cell growth at submicromolar concentrations, especially against HeLa and Jurkat cells, and interacted with tubulin. As determined by flow cytometric analysis, 4e caused G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The block in G2/M was correlated with increased expression of cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of cdc25c. Moreover, 4e perturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-rybose)polymerase (PARP), events that are involved in 4e-induced apoptosis.     

萝卜硫烷对乳腺癌细胞增殖、细胞周期、细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制研究

目的:研究萝卜硫烷(sulforaphane,SUL)对不同类型乳腺癌细胞增殖和细胞周期细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用MTT法、流式细胞术和Western印迹法,研究不同浓度受试物对F3Ⅱ、MCF-7、MDA-MB-231和ZR-75-1细胞增殖抑制、细胞周期阻滞、F3Ⅱ细胞凋亡和p34cdc2及Cdc25C表达的影响。结果:(1)SUL对所选的四个细胞系均有很强的增殖抑制作用,其中雌激素正响应型(ERP)细胞对SUL的敏感性明显强于雌激素负响应型(ERN)细胞和扩散性较强的F3Ⅱ细胞;(2)SUL对F3Ⅱ细胞和两种ERP细胞均呈现G2/M期阻滞作用,而对ERN细胞周期则无影响;(3)SUL阻滞F3Ⅱ细胞从G2期向M期转化的作用机制是提高Cdc2的磷酸化水平,降低Cdc25C磷酸化酶的表达,从而抑制细胞周期素B1-Cdc2复合物激酶的去磷酸化作用;(4)在实验条件下,SUL不引起F3Ⅱ细胞凋亡。结论:SUL对四个乳腺癌细胞系细胞增殖抑制活性和细胞周期影响存在明显的差异,不引起F3Ⅱ细胞凋亡。对F3Ⅱ细胞周期G2/M阻滞作用的机制是提高Cdc2的磷酸化水平,降低Cdc25C磷酸化酶的表达。     

低氧条件下γ射线对Hep-2细胞周期、凋亡的影响

目的体外建立不同氧供状态下的细胞模型,探讨不同剂量~(60)Coγ射线对喉鳞癌Hep-2细胞周期及凋亡的影响。方法将体外培养的人喉鳞癌Hep-2细胞分为两组:A组(常氧组)、B组(低氧组),两组细胞分别接受1、3、5、10、20、40(Gy)不同剂量~(60)Coγ射线照射,两组分别设0Gy对照组。流式细胞仪检测HIF-1α蛋白表达、细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化;免疫细胞化学检测各组细胞HIF-1α蛋白表达。结果A组Hep-2细胞在接受1～5Gyγ射线照射后,主要发生了G0/G1期阻滞,在接受10～40Gyγ射线照射后,发生了G2/M期阻滞;B组细胞主要发生了G2/M期阻滞。B组0Gy对照组发生了明显的G0/G1期阻滞;A组Hep-2细胞凋亡曲线成抛物线状,凋亡率呈现明显的剂量依赖性,在5Gy处出现最大值41.56±2.25。B组细胞凋亡率同A组相比总体上呈现明显的下调趋势,但不同剂量的γ射线没有对Hep-2细胞的凋亡率产生明显的影响。结论不同剂量~(60)Coγ射线照射会导致常氧条件下Hep-2细胞发生不同周期阻滞,而不同的周期阻滞会对Hep-2细胞的凋亡产生明显的影响。低氧条件下γ射线照射未能导致Hep-2细胞发生明显的凋亡,可能同Hep-2细胞G2/M期阻滞有关,而HIF-1a蛋白的表达上调可能是Hep-2细胞G2/M期阻滞的原因之一。