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<正>布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis)简称布病,是由自然疫源性布鲁杆菌(Brucella)引起的一种传染病,可导致严重的社会经济、人类健康和公共卫生等问题。在全球范围内,羊种、牛种和猪种是致病性布鲁氏菌的主要种型,该病在我国黄河以北地区流行广泛,是主要的流行疫区。犬种布鲁氏菌偶也致人病,但症状表现轻微。布鲁氏菌入侵动物机体后,主要导致生殖和淋巴系统被感染,表现为流产、不孕不育、睾丸炎等症状;感染人则呈现持续性的感染、关节痛、波浪热、肝脾肿     

山东省犬种布鲁氏菌病调查报告

<正> 犬种布鲁氏菌(B.canis)不仅可感染狗,亦能引起人的感染。自1984年尚德秋等在国内首次分离出B.canis以来,国内一些省、区开始了犬种布鲁氏菌病的调查。1987年我们对山东省6个县市B.canis在犬和人群的感染和带菌情况及其分布做了初步调查,首次发现山东省存在B.canis疫源地,且该病在山东南部部分地区的犬中流行严重,现将调查结果报告如下。     

布鲁氏菌属DNA的多态性

布鲁氏菌是布鲁氏菌病的病原体，能感染多种动物（包括家畜、家禽、野生动物及多种海洋哺乳动物）引起动物布鲁氏菌病，也可以通过多种途径感染人，造成人布鲁氏菌病。传统方法是根据培养生物特性、氧化代谢和抗原特征、噬菌体裂解特点以及主要宿主等不同，将布鲁氏菌属分为６个种１９个生物型：牛种布鲁氏菌、羊种布鲁氏菌、猪种布鲁氏菌、沙林鼠种布鲁氏菌、绵羊附睾种布鲁氏菌和犬种布鲁氏菌，其中牛种布鲁氏菌包括８个生物型，即１、２、３、４、５、６、７、９；羊种布鲁氏菌有３个生物型，即１、２、３；猪种布鲁氏菌有１、２、３、４…     

广西桂林地区首次分离出犬种布鲁氏菌

<正> 1966年Carmichael等在美国第一次从小猎犬中分离到大种布鲁氏菌(B.canis)。嗣后,德国、巴西、墨西哥和阿根廷等近十个国家也相继报告发现B.canis感染。1984年尚德秋等从美国进口的Beagle狗和中国草狗分离到B.canis,证实国内亦存在犬种布鲁氏菌病疫区。1985～1986年我们对本地区灵川、兴安县的173只农村家狗进行B.canis感染的血清学及病原学调查,首次证实本地区存在犬种布鲁氏菌病疫源地,现报告如下。     

不同种布鲁氏菌过氧化氢酶的测定

本文报道了通过对布鲁氏菌属不同种细菌的过氧化氢酶活性的测定,证实了所有种的布鲁氏菌均有过氧化氢酶活性,除犬种布鲁氏菌外,其他种的活性差别不大,而犬布鲁氏菌的过氧化氢酶活性高于其他种布鲁氏菌4倍。这一特性可作为犬种布鲁氏菌鉴定的辅助手段之一。     

载体介导的布鲁氏菌L7/L12疫苗研制现状

布鲁氏菌感染引起的布鲁氏菌病是一种严重危害人类健康的人畜共患传染病,采用疫苗防治该菌是当前研究的热点领域之一。L7/L12蛋白是一种有效的疫苗候选分子,本文综述鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、乳酸乳球菌、大肠埃希菌、酿酒酵母和禽流感病毒等载体介导的布鲁氏菌L7/L12疫苗的研制现状。     

陕西省首次分离出犬种布鲁氏菌

近年来,一些省(区)先后报道分离出犬种布鲁氏菌。为了查明陕西省是否有犬种布鲁氏菌病的存在,于1992年4月对安康地区汉阴县清明寨乡5个村的家养犬,进行了血清学和病原学调查,结果如下。1 材料和方法1.1 抗原 犬种布鲁氏菌抗原、S型布鲁氏菌抗原、R虎红平板抗原及A、M、R诊断血清等由国中预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所布病室提供。     

犬种布鲁氏菌病

犬种布鲁氏菌（Ｂ．Ｃａｎｉｓ）病是布鲁氏菌病家族中的种新发现的个病种。１９６６年Ｃａｒｍｉｃｈａｅｌ［１］等在美国第一次从小猎犬中分离到犬种布鲁氏菌后,德国、巴西、墨西哥和阿根廷等近十个国家相继报告发现Ｂ．Ｃａｎｉｓ感染［２］,１９７０年ＷＨＯ布病专家委员会正式把它列为布鲁氏菌属分类中的一个新种。我国台湾省１９８０年首次报道了该病的存在［３］。１９８４年尚德秋等在上海从美国进日的Ｂｅａｎｇｌｅ狗和中国草狗分离到Ｂ．Ｃａｎｉｓ［４］,１９８６年广西对家狗进行的Ｂ．Ｃａｎｉｓ感染的血清学及病原学调查…     

由海洋哺乳动物布鲁氏菌感染引起的人类大脑内肉芽肿的神经系统布鲁氏菌病

我们首次报道了社区获得性人类感染海洋哺乳动物相关的布鲁氏菌 ,并描述从 2名神经系统布鲁氏菌病和大脑内肉芽肿的患者分离的菌株的鉴定。经鉴定 ,这些分离株为海洋哺乳动物株 ,具有omp2a序列和扩大的侧bp2 6区。布鲁氏菌病 ,由细胞内革兰氏阴性菌的布鲁氏菌引起 ,是世界上许多地区的地方病。通过接触感染的动物、肉类、或者未消毒的奶制品而被感染。神经系统布鲁氏菌病是一种罕见的 ,严重的系统性感染 ,具有广泛的临床综合征。中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌肉芽肿在蝶鞍和蝶鞍旁以及脊髓束的情况很少报道。虽然有大量的布鲁氏菌引起人类的系统性疾…     

布鲁氏菌病对新疆职业人群的危害

布鲁氏菌病对新疆职业人群的危害金根源，史丕裕，李全，滕德凯，热合曼（新疆地方病防治研究所乌鲁木齐８３０００２）在已知的布鲁氏菌６种生物种中，目前至少有４种生物种的布鲁氏菌可以使人感染、发病。我们对新疆有关职业人群及从事本病防治工作的各级专业人员等进行...     

Treatment of Brucella canis and Brucella abortus in vitro and in vivo by stable plurilamellar vesicle-encapsulated aminoglycosides

Stable plurilamellar vesicles (SPLVs) entrapping aminoglycosides were used to treat infections due to Brucella species (Brucella canis and Brucella abortus). SPLV-entrapped antibiotics effectively eliminated internalized B. canis in cultures of resident murine peritoneal macrophages and internalized B. abortus in cultures of resident guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. In vivo studies demonstrated that SPLV-entrapped aminoglycosides administered to B. canis-infected mice and B. abortus-infected guinea pigs effectively eliminated bacteria from infected organs. The dosage schedule used involved two intraperitoneal administrations of SPLV-entrapped aminoglycosides at three-day intervals. The results demonstrate the superiority of SPLV-entrapped aminoglycosides to free aminoglycosides in effecting elimination of facultative intracellular bacteria in vitro and in vivo. The use of SPLVs as a drug carrier has broad application to treatment of infections due to other organisms.     

A serological diagnostic survey for Brucella canis infection in Turkish patients with Brucellosis-like symptoms

The incidence of Brucella canis infection in humans is unknown in Turkey. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of B. canis infection in human sera obtained from six regions in Turkey and comparatively evaluated the results obtained by agglutination-based techniques using standardized antigens made from B. canis. The patients (n = 1,746) presented with clinical symptoms that were similar to those of brucellosis. All patients who tested negative in the Rose Bengal test for the smooth Brucella strains (abortus, melitensis, and suis) were screened for evidence of B. canis infection using the rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT), the microagglutination test (MAT), and the 2-mercaptoethanol RSAT test (2ME-RSAT). Of the samples tested, 157 (8.9%), 68 (3.8%), and 66 (3.7%) were positive for B. canis, as determined by RSAT, MAT, and 2ME-RSAT, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RSAT were 100%, 94.6%, 42%, and 100%, respectively, and of MAT were 100%, 99.9%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. We recommend the routine use of MAT and 2ME-RSAT to check the sera of all patients with symptoms of brucellosis who are negative for brucellosis using a smooth Brucella antigen.     

牛羊猪种布鲁氏菌快速鉴别PCR方法的建立及评价

目的 建立一种可在一个反应体系中同时鉴别布鲁氏菌及牛羊猪种布鲁氏菌的快速PCR鉴别方法。方法 将布鲁氏菌及牛羊猪种布鲁氏菌的扩增引物进行优化组合,建立全新的BAMS-PCR方法;随后对该方法的特异性和灵敏度进行评价,并对现场分离的219株布鲁氏菌进行鉴别,评价其在布鲁氏菌鉴别中的应用价值。最后,用该方法对临床标本中布鲁氏菌的DNA进行扩增,评价其在临床诊断中的实用性。结果 BAMS-PCR方法可在同一反应中同时鉴别布鲁氏菌及牛种(1,2,4型),羊种(1,2和3型)和猪种(1型)布鲁氏菌,并有较好的特异性和敏感性。布鲁氏菌属,牛种,猪种和羊种布鲁氏菌引物的检测灵敏度分别为10 pg/μL,100 pg/μL, 10 pg/μL和100 pg/μL。BAMS-PCR对219株临床分离菌株的鉴定结果和常规生物分型方法的鉴定符合率为100%。经BAMS-PCR检测,97份临床血清样本仅6份为阳性,全血和组织(羊脾)样本全部为阴性。结论 BAMS-PCR是一种简便、快速、高效、准确的布鲁氏菌鉴别方法,可作为临床分离菌株的首选鉴别方法。     

应用布鲁氏菌酚不溶性组分(PI)治疗慢性布鲁氏菌病84例的临床观察

在国内首次应用布鲁氏菌酚不溶性组分(PI)治疗慢性布鲁氏菌病84例,临床观察的结果认为 PI 组分能取得与布鲁氏菌苗疗法相同的脱敏效果,近期疗效治愈和基本治愈率可达75%上下,副作用小,临床使用安全,易为患者所接受。     

高效液相色谱用于布鲁氏菌标准株的鉴别试验

用高效液相色谱法对羊种、牛种、猪种、犬种、鼠种和绵羊副睾种布鲁氏菌6个标准菌种菌株进行鉴别试验,以目视法观察菌株核酸样品的峰形数量、高度以及出峰保留时间,分析各菌株图谱的A区,结果表明:6个布鲁氏菌种都出现了各自独特的洗脱图峰,峰形清晰可辨,并且B区和C区峰形可能是布鲁氏菌属的“特征峰区”。     

布鲁氏菌重要膜蛋白研究进展

布病是由布鲁氏菌属细菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患病,在世界范围内广泛分布。布病不仅可导致巨大的经济损失,也是威胁人群健康的主要风险因素。布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白是主要的免疫和保护性抗原,不仅与布鲁氏菌的毒力和细胞内生存有密切的关联,而且对开发和建立新型的特异性血清学诊断方法具有重要的意义。本文对布鲁氏菌的重要外膜蛋白的研究进展予以综述,从而更好的理解布鲁氏菌表面蛋白的抗原特性,为建立布病实验室诊断方法和新型疫苗研发提供参考。     

Simultaneous detection of the genus Brucella by combinatorial PCR

We have developed a combinatorial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure to identify four major species of the genus Brucella simultaneously. Four pairs of primers targeting the genes encoding a cell surface protein (BCSP31) and outer membrane proteins (omp2b, omp2a and omp31) were prepared. PCR using these primers gave rise to specific patterns of amplification for each Brucella spp. examined in this study. B. abortus could be identified when fragments of BCSP31 and omp2b/2a were amplified by B. abortus-specific primers. B. melitensis could be identified by the amplification of fragments of BCSP31, omp2b/2a and omp31 using pair of primers B4/B5, JRF/JPR-ab and omp31. Identification of B. canis could be achieved when the amplicons of omp2b/2a were detected by B. canis-specific primers, as could the identification of BCSP31 and omp31. If specific amplifications occurred using all pairs of primers, the strain was identified as B. suis. Combinatorial PCR reported here thus appeared to be an ideal method of identifying Brucella spp., the causative pathogen of human brucellosis.     

A B lymphocyte mitogen is a Brucella abortus virulence factor required for persistent infection

Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for the lifespan of the host. How this pathogen and others achieve this action is a largely unanswered question. We report here the identification of a Brucella abortus gene (prpA) directly involved in the immune modulation of the host. PrpA belongs to the proline-racemase family and elicits a B lymphocyte polyclonal activation that depends on the integrity of its proline-racemase catalytic site. Stimulation of splenocytes with PrpA also results in IL-10 secretion. Construction of a B. abortus-prpA mutant allowed us to assess the contribution of PrpA to the infection process. Mice infected with B. abortus induced an early and transient nonresponsive status of splenocytes to both Escherichia coli LPS and ConA. This phenomenon was not observed when mice were infected with a B. abortus-prpA mutant. Moreover, the B. abortus-prpA mutant had a reduced capacity to establish a chronic infection in mice. We propose that an early and transient nonresponsive immune condition of the host mediated by this B cell polyclonal activator is required for establishing a successful chronic infection by Brucella.     

Investigation of the spread of Brucella canis via the U.S. interstate dog trade.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to illustrate and help address a growing need for regulatory or molecular tools to track and control the spread of canine brucellosis. Our study objectives were to first characterize Brucella canis outbreaks in Wisconsin kennels in the context of the dog trade in the USA, and then to identify a molecular technique that may be useful for strain differentiation of B. canis isolates. METHODS: Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (WVDL) B. canis serology data from 1995 to 2005 were reviewed, three canine brucellosis outbreaks in Wisconsin dog kennels were investigated, and eight B. canis isolates recovered from Wisconsin outbreaks and kennels in Missouri and Arkansas and four isolates received from outside sources were subjected to ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), outer membrane protein analysis (OMPA), and cellular fatty acid profiling (CFAP). RESULTS: WVDL has received increasing numbers of B. canis positive samples from Wisconsin kennels, and Wisconsin outbreaks are associated with the interstate dog trade. All of the B. canis isolates we examined were genetically homogenous and as such could not be differentiated by ribotyping, PFGE and OMPA. However, dendrogram analysis of CFAP divided the isolates into two groups, indicating that CFAP methyl ester analysis has discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS: CFAP methyl ester analysis has promise as a tool for epidemiological tracing of B. canis outbreaks and will be useful in comparison studies as isolation of B. canis continues to expand globally.