性激素结合球蛋白与绝经后女性冠心病关系的探讨

目的研究绝经后妇女的性激素结合球蛋白与冠心病及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法将89例受试者按照WHO诊断标准分为2组,57例冠心病组及32例无冠心病组。放免法测定性激素结合球蛋白,并常规检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、纤维蛋白原。以ISI作为胰岛素敏感性指标。结果冠心病组性激素结合球蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和胰岛素敏感指数显著低于单纯绝经后组（P〈0．01）。而胰岛素、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、纤维蛋白原显著高于绝经后无冠心病组。相关分析显示性激素结合球蛋白与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素及甘油三酯呈显著负相关（r=-0．320、0．451、-0．131,P〈0．01）,而与胰岛素敏感指数呈显著正相关（r=0．231,P〈0．001）。多元Logistic回归分析显示血清性激素结合球蛋白与冠心病的发生独立负相关。结论低的血清性激素结合球蛋白是胰岛素抵抗的标志,对血脂代谢具有不利影响,是绝经后妇女合并冠心病的独立危险因素。     

二硫化碳接触女工血清中性激素的水平

目的探讨接触低浓度二硫化碳(CS2)对女性工人血清中性激素水平的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 2010年11月,选取深圳某粘胶化纤公司60名接触CS2(浓度平均为13.37 mg/m3)、接触工龄为7～15 a的粘胶车间女工(接触组)和本厂不接触CS2者43名(对照组),采用放射免疫法分别测定血清中性激素水平。结果 CS2接触组血清中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);促卵泡激素(FSH)则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接触低浓度CS2对女性工人血清中性激素水平具有干扰作用。     

Diurnal Triglyceridemia in Relation to Alcohol Intake in Men

Fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations largely depend on dietary and lifestyle factors. Alcohol intake is associated with triglycerides, but the effect of alcohol on diurnal triglyceridemia in a free living situation is unknown. During three days, 139 men (range: 18–80 years) measured their own capillary triglyceride (cTG) concentrations daily on six fixed time-points before and after meals, and the total daily alcohol intake was recorded. The impact of daily alcohol intake (none; low, <10 g/day; moderate, 10–30 g/day; high, >30 g/day) on diurnal triglyceridemia was analyzed by the incremental area under the cTG curve (∆cTG-AUC) reflecting the mean of the six different time-points. Fasting cTG were similar between the alcohol groups, but a trend of increased cTG was observed in men with moderate and high alcohol intake after dinner and at bedtime (p for trend <0.001) which persisted after adjustment for age, smoking and body mass index. The ∆cTG-AUC was significantly lower in males with low alcohol intake (3.0 ± 1.9 mmol·h/L) (n = 27) compared to males with no (7.0 ± 1.8 mmol·h/L) (n = 34), moderate (6.5 ± 1.8 mmol·h/L) (n = 54) or high alcohol intake (7.2 ± 2.2 mmol·h/L) (n = 24), when adjusted for age, smoking and body mass index (adjusted p value < 0.05). In males, low alcohol intake was associated with decreased diurnal triglyceridemia, whereas moderate and high alcohol intake was associated with increased triglycerides after dinner and at bed time.     

围绝经期抑郁症状与血清性激素水平的关联性研究

目的：分析围绝经期抑郁症状与血清性激素水平的关联性,为早期诊断,寻找围绝经期妇女身心保健的有效对策提供重要依据。方法：采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）,对在某院就诊的150名围绝经期妇女进行调查,SDS评分≥53分被定义为存在抑郁症状。按有无抑郁症状分为抑郁组和非抑郁组;利用放免法检测血清雌二醇、孕酮、促卵泡激素、促黄体生成素水平;应用SPSS13.0进行录入数据和统计分析。结果：两组的年龄之间具有可比性（P〉0.05）;抑郁组雌二醇、孕酮水平低于非抑郁组,而促卵泡激素水平高于非抑郁组,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组间促黄体生成素水平无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：围绝经期抑郁的发生与血清雌二醇、孕酮水平降低和促黄体生成素水平升高有关。     

移居高原人群返平原后血清性激素水平观察

目的 了解移居高原人群返平原后的血清性激素水平.方法 选择参与青藏铁路二期工程施工且累计时间在6个月及以上的男性员工515人作为高原组,未参与青藏铁路施工且工作性质、环境、年龄等因素与高原组大致相同的男性员工212人作为对照组.于2008年4-10月,分别测定血清促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、垂体泌乳...     

Alcohol,Coffee, and Milk Intake in Relation to Epilepsy Risk

Alcohol, coffee and milk intakes have been explored in relation to epilepsy risk in observational studies; however, the results were not consistent. We performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to evaluate the causality of these relationships. Genetic variants associated with alcohol, coffee and milk intake were adopted as instrumental variables. We obtained the summary data of epilepsy from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Consortium (15,212 cases and 29,677 controls) and FinnGen consortium (4588 cases and 144,780 controls). Genetically predicted alcohol intake was associated with a higher risk of epilepsy in the ILAE Consortium (odds ratio (OR): 1.22, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.02–1.45). The association in the FinnGen consortium remained consistent in direction. Combined analysis of ILAE and FinnGen databases further indicated that genetically predicted alcohol intake was associated with a higher risk of epilepsy (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06–1.47, p = 0.009). Genetically predicted coffee intake was not related to epilepsy risk, while higher genetically predicted milk intake was related to a lower risk of epilepsy (OR = 0.957; 95% CI, 0.917–0.999, p = 0.044). Our results suggest a detrimental effect of alcohol intake on the risk of epilepsy, while milk intake might be associated with a decreased risk of epilepsy.     

某镉电池厂镉作业女性32人尿镉及血清中性激素的水平

目的了解镉作业女工尿镉及血清中性激素水平改变的影响因素并初步探讨其机制。方法 2010年11月,选取某镉电池工厂镉作业女工100名作为接触组,按工作场所空气中镉含量的水平分成高、低2个接触浓度组;并选取来自同一家工厂未接触镉作业的50名女工作为对照组,测定3组人群的尿镉、促卵泡刺激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）及雌二醇（E2）的水平并进行统计分析。结果 2个接触组尿镉含量和异常率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;高浓度接触组工人在月经周期中的月经期血清中FSH水平和E2水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;增殖期血清中LH水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;分泌期血清中LH和E2水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论在该研究的条件下,工作场所中氧化镉浓度超标是导致尿镉水平升高的主要危险因素;镉暴露可能对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的性激素分泌功能造成影响,从而对女性工人的生殖系统产生内分泌干扰作用。     

男性青年饮用牛奶和豆浆后血脂血糖变化的研究

目的研究饮用牛奶或豆浆后健康男性青年血脂血糖的变化情况。方法 30名男性健康大学生随机分入牛奶组、豆浆组和纯净水组,每天饮用相应饮品1L,连续饮用4周。测定干预前后血浆中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、葡萄糖(GLU)水平的变化。结果干预后牛奶组的LDL-C水平从(2.28±0.33)mmol/L下降至(1.95±0.41)mmol/L(P﹤0.05),豆浆组从(2.23±0.27)mmol/L下降至(1.94±0.37)mmol/L(P﹤0.05)。与纯净水对照组比较,牛奶组和豆浆组降LDL-C作用更为明显(P﹤0.01)。另外豆浆组的TG水平也明显降低(P﹤0.05)。各组的TC、GLU水平未见明显变化。结论饮用牛奶或豆浆对血糖没有明显影响但有一定降血脂作用,可以预防动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病。     

Maternal Acrylamide Intake during Pregnancy and Sex Hormone Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood and Birth Size of Offspring

Exposure to acrylamide during pregnancy may disturb pregnancy hormones and the growth of the fetus. The present study aimed to examine the association of maternal acrylamide intake with maternal and cord sex hormone levels during pregnancy and at birth and birth size of offspring. The study subjects were 204 pregnant Japanese women and their newborn girls. Intake of acrylamide was assessed based on 5-day diet records at approximately the 29th week of pregnancy. The concentrations of estradiol, estriol, and testosterone were measured in maternal serum at the 29th weeks of pregnancy and at delivery and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Birth weight, length, and head circumference were measured at the delivery. After controlling for covariates, higher intake of acrylamide was significantly positively associated with higher level of umbilical cord estradiol at the delivery (p for trend?=?.01), but not with any hormone levels measured in maternal blood. A positive association between acrylamide intake and head circumference was of borderline significance (p for trend?=?.06). Overall, there were no consistent associations between maternal acrylamide intake and sex hormone levels during pregnancy. However, as this is the first study to examine these associations, additional studies are needed.     

绝经、性激素与血脂关系的研究

本文报告对598名40～54岁更年期妇女的血脂情况进行了调查,发现同年龄绝经者的血脂高于未绝经者,且高脂血症患病率在同年龄组随绝经前→绝经→绝经后逐渐增高。进一步分析表明,绝经对甘油三酯有独立影响,总胆固醇升高与雌二醇下降及雌二醇/孕酮比例失调有关,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高可能与睾酮升高有关,而甘油三酯与更年期妇女性激素变化无明显关联。本研究还发现,肥胖综合指数对更年期妇女总胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的影响较体重指数敏感。     

双酚A职业暴露对男性性激素水平影响的研究

目的 探讨双酚A(BPA)职业暴露对男性性激素水平的影响.方法 于2005年8月,选取在工作中有接触BPA机会的131名男工作为暴露组,同时,选取不接触BPA的146名男工作为对照组.采集研究对象空腹静脉血,采用放射免疫分析法检测促滤泡成熟激素(FSH)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、抑制素B(INB)...     

Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Intake on Circulating Sex Hormone Levels among Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial

Lignan intake, and its richest food source, flaxseed, have been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Endogenous sex hormones, such as estrogens, play a role in breast cancer development, and lignans may alter these sex hormone levels. To assess the effect of flaxseed on circulating sex hormones, a randomized controlled trial was conducted among 99 postmenopausal women in Toronto, Canada. The intervention arm consumed 2 tablespoons (15?g) of ground flaxseed daily for 7 weeks; the control arm maintained usual diet. Baseline and week 7 concentrations of 14 serum sex hormones were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and immunoassay, and serum enterolignans (lignan biomarker) using LC-MS/MS. Intervention effects on sex hormone levels were assessed using analysis of covariance. Serum enterolignans increased among the flaxseed arm (+516%). Women consuming flaxseed (vs. controls) had increased serum 2-hydroxyestrone [treatment effect ratio (TER)?=?1.54; 95% CI: 1.18–2.00] and 2:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio (TER =1.54; 95% CI: 1.15–2.06); effects on other hormones were not statistically significant. Within the flaxseed arm, change in enterolignan level was positively correlated with changes in 2-hydroxyestrone and 2:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio, and negatively with prolactin. Findings suggest flaxseed affects certain circulating sex hormone levels with possible implications for future breast cancer prevention research.     

Dietary Fiber Intake and Endogenous Serum Hormone Levels in Naturally Postmenopausal Mexican American Women: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

This study investigated dietary fiber intake in association with serum estrogen levels in naturally postmenopausal Latina women with a wide range of fiber intake. Estrone (E₁), estradiol (E₂), and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in 242 women. Associations between estrogen levels and intake of dietary fiber, including insoluble and soluble fractions, quantified from a food frequency questionnaire, were examined. The biomarker enterolactone was also measured. After adjustment for age, weight, and other nondietary factors, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with E₁ and E₂; there was a 22% and 17% decrease (2P _trend = 0.023 and 0.045) among subjects in the highest quintile of intake compared with the lowest. Fitting dietary fiber together with soluble and insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) showed a much greater decrease in E₁ and E₂ (47% and 41%, respectively) while increased soluble NSP intake showed increases in E₁ and E₂ (64% and 69%, respectively). Two foods, avocado and grapefruit, showed significant positive associations with E ₁ (2P _trend = 0.029 and 0.015, respectively). This study suggests that different components of dietary fiber may have very significant different effects on serum estrogen levels. The suggestive findings relating increased estrogen levels to avocado and grapefruit intakes need confirmation.     

Sex with Men Before Coming-Out: Relation to Sexual Activity and Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior

This study examined the difference in sequence of coming-out and first same-sex experience in relation to risk-taking behavior in a sample of Dutch gay and bisexual men. A questionnaire assessed age of disclosure (coming-out) and age of first same-sex experience, and information on sexual history, sexual relationships, and sexual behavior. It was found that 68% of respondents engaged in their first same-sex experience before coming-out. This proportion increased with age. Men who had sex with men before coming-out reported more lifetime sex partners and more casual sex partners in the past 6 months than men in which this sequence was reversed. In addition, among this group a higher proportion of men reported STDs, engaging in anal intercourse with casual partners in the previous 6 months, and unprotected anal sex with casual sex partners in the recent past, compared to men who came out before having their first same-sex experience. The extent to which external factors (such as tolerance toward homosexuals) or internal factors (such as personality factors) can account for the difference in sexual behaviors in general and sexual risk-taking behavior in particular could be subject of further study.     

Dietary Intake and Milk Micronutrient Levels in Lactating Women with Full and Partial Breastfeeding

Background

Micronutrient intake and status in lactating women may impact micronutrient levels in milk.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the micronutrient intake and status in lactating women, and their association with micronutrient levels in human milk.

Methods

Lactating women were enrolled at 4–6 months postpartum. A 24h food recall was examined and nutrient intakes were analyzed using INMUCAL software. Human milk samples were collected to analyze calcium, copper, iron, and zinc levels. Plasma zinc and serum ferritin levels were determined.

Results

Thirty-four women participated; 19 were classified as full breastfeeding and 15 as partial breastfeeding. Mean levels of calcium, copper, iron, and zinc in human milk were 243, 0.2, 0.2, and 1.56 mg/L, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency (plasma zinc?<?10.7 µmol/L) was 11.8%. No lactating women had iron deficiency. Nutrient intakes were lower than the recommended amounts in 38%–70% of participants, and were not correlated with corresponding nutrient levels in human milk. Multiple linear regression showed significant association between zinc levels in human milk and plasma for lactating women with full breastfeeding (β?=?0.034, 95% confidence interval [0.003, 0.067], p?=?0.040).

Conclusions

Lactating women were at risk of micronutrient deficiency. There was an association between zinc levels in human milk and plasma of lactating women with full breastfeeding. As the nutritional status of lactating women influences the quality of human milk, we should encourage good nutrient intake for lactating women.

     

Serum Carnitine Levels in Newborns with Perinatal Asphyxia and Relation to Neurologic Prognosis

Abstract

Neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy is one of the major causes of permanent neurological sequel. This study was conducted to investigate serum total, free and acylcarnitine levels in asphyxiated newborns with or without encephalopathy. Serum total, free and acylcarnitine levels were investigated in 21 newborns with and seven asphyxiated newborns without signs of encephalopathy. The newborns with encephalopathy were further divided into grade 1, 2 and 3 encephalopathy groups. Serum total and acylcarnitine concentrations of the whole encephalopathy group were significantly lower than the non-encephalopathy group ( p =0.042 for both). Serum total and acylcarnitine concentrations of grade 3 encephalopathy group were significantly lower than the non-encephalopathy group ( p =0.014 and p =0.040, respectively). No significant differences were noticed for free carnitine levels. Total carnitine levels were positively correlated with birth weight and 10th minute apgar score, whereas acylcarnitine levels were found to correlate with cord blood pH and free carnitine levels with birth weight. Cord blood pH, and total carnitine levels were found to be the most significant determinants of the neurological outcome at one year of age. It was emphasized that carnitine deficiency could occur in severely affected asphyxiated newborns and it is related to the outcome at one year of age.     

Salivary Testosterone Levels in Men at a U.S. Sex Club

Vertebrate males commonly experience elevations in testosterone levels in response to sexual stimuli, such as presentation of a novel mating partner. Some previous human studies have shown that watching erotic movies increases testosterone levels in males although studies measuring testosterone changes during actual sexual intercourse or masturbation have yielded mixed results. Small sample sizes, “unnatural” lab-based settings, and invasive techniques may help account for mixed human findings. Here, we investigated salivary testosterone levels in men watching (n = 26) versus participating (n = 18) in sexual activity at a large U.S. sex club. The present study entailed minimally invasive sample collection (measuring testosterone in saliva), a naturalistic setting, and a larger number of subjects than previous work to test three hypotheses related to men’s testosterone responses to sexual stimuli. Subjects averaged 40 years of age and participated between 11:00 pm and 2:10 am. Consistent with expectations, results revealed that testosterone levels increased 36% among men during a visit to the sex club, with the magnitude of testosterone change significantly greater among participants (72%) compared with observers (11%). Contrary to expectation, men’s testosterone changes were unrelated to their age. These findings were generally consistent with vertebrate studies indicating elevated male testosterone in response to sexual stimuli, but also point out the importance of study context since participation in sexual behavior had a stronger effect on testosterone increases in this study but unlike some previous human lab-based studies.     

二甲基甲酰胺对雄性小鼠精子质量及其性激素的影响

目的 研究二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)对雄性小鼠精子质量及其血清性激素的影响,探讨:DMF对雄性生殖系统影响的作用机制.方法 将SPF级健康成年雄性昆明小鼠40只随机分为对照组(蒸馏水)和低(0.5 g/kg)、中(1 g/kg)、高(2g/kg)剂量DMF染毒组,每组10只.采用灌胃方式进行染毒,灌胃容积10 ml/kg,每天1次,连续灌胃30 d.染毒后,称重,迅速分离双侧附睾,测定精子活动度、精子计数和精子畸形数,并计算精子畸形率.摘除眼球取血,采用放射免疫分析方法测定血清睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和睾丸T水平.结果 与对照组相比,从染毒第9天开始各剂量DMF染毒组小鼠体重明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).与对照组相比,中、高剂量DMF染毒组小鼠附睾精子计数较少,精子活动度较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且随着DMF染毒剂量的增高,精子计数及精子活动度均呈下降趋势,呈现一定的剂量-效应关系.与对照组相比,中、高剂量DMF染毒组小鼠血清FSH含量较高,高剂量DMF染毒组小鼠血清T和睾丸T含量较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).各染毒组小鼠的精子畸形率、血清LH含量间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 DMF可能是通过睾丸轴调节性激素的分泌,最终导致精子质量的降低,从而造成雄性小鼠生殖功能的损害.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of DMF on the quality of spermatozoa and sex hormone levels in male mice, and the possible mechanism. Methods Forty male KM mice were randomly divided into four groups and then treated with DMF dissolved in distilled water by gavage (10 ml/kg) at the doses of 0,0.5,1 and 2 g/kg,once a day for 30 consecutive days. The mice were weighted and then sacrificed on day 31. The epididymises were collected for determination of sperm motility, sperm counting and determination of abnormal sperm rate. The T,LH,and FSH levels in serum were determined. Results Compared with the control group,mice in all treated groups showed significant decrease in body weight (P<0.05). With the increase of administrating dosage,sperm counting and sperm motility showed decreasing tendency. Moreover,compared with the control group, sperm counts and sperm motility in 0.1 g/ml group and 0.2 g/ml group decreased significantly. FSH levels in serum in all treated groups were higher than those in the control group. T levels in serum and testis in all treated groups were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion Probably, DMF regulates the excretion of sex hormone by testicle axle and then lower the quality of spermatozoa.