抗新型冠状病毒药物临床研究进展

2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID19)感染病例在国内外相继出现,随后COVID-19疫情在世界范围蔓延[1-4],COVID-19疫情是继H1N1、脊髓灰质炎病毒、埃博拉病毒、寨卡病毒等出现后的第六次国际公共卫生突发事件[5].新型冠状病毒(seve...     

生物气溶胶研究进展

自2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID?19）已引起全球大流行。我国最新COVID?19诊疗方案指出,在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下存在经气溶胶传播的可能。气溶胶是固体或液体颗粒在气体中的悬浮物,由于其空气动力学直径小,易在下呼吸道沉积,与飞沫相比更易引起肺炎等严重疾病。本文对生物气溶胶作文献复习并阐述其对COVID?19防护带来的启示。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎胸部CT影像表现

2019新型冠状病毒导致的肺炎称为新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）。以计算机断层扫描 (CT)为代表的影像学技术在COVID-19早期诊断、疾病分期分级、治疗指导、疗效评价及动态观察中具有重要价值,是国家诊疗方案中的重要指标。本文回顾总结了收治的COVID 19患者主要的胸部CT影像表现,并探讨了相关病理基础以及不同时期的演变特点,以期对临床的诊疗工作和患者随访带来帮助。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎核酸复阳者与未复阳者的临床特征比较

目的 比较新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者出院后核酸复阳者与未复阳者的临床特征,探讨新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)核酸复阳的影响因素,并分析康复期COVID-19患者淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化.方法 纳入成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心出院后半月、1月、2月(各时间点前后±5 d)复诊期间核酸复阳的31例COVID...     

南京地区93例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例流行病学分析

目的：分析南京地区新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID?19）的流行病学特征,为本地区疫情防控提供理论参考。方法：收集2020年1月23日—3月8日南京市第二医院汤山分院（南京市公共卫生医疗中心）隔离病区收治的93例COVID?19确诊病例,并进行流行病学分析。结果：南京市是江苏省省辖市中累计本地COVID?19确诊病例最多的城市,确诊病例主要分布在主城区,男性占比55%,年龄以18~45岁居多,职业以企业职员、离退休人员、工商服务从业者为主,临床分型以轻型、普通型占绝大多数,占总确诊病例的97.5%。疫情初期以境内输入性为主,其中湖北疫区输入37例,占境内输入性确诊病例的82%,疫情中期以输入性病例基础上续发本地聚集性病例为主,2月19日—3月8日为本地疫情初步控制期。南京市本地COVID?19治愈率100%,未出现死亡及医护人员职业暴露感染。结论：南京市COVID?19疫情主要集中在主城区,人群普遍易感,疫情传播特点由境内输入性向本地续发聚集过渡,治愈率高,未出现死亡及医护人员感染病例。     

新型冠状病毒实验室检测方法及应用

随着新型冠状病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus?2,SRAS?CoV?2）分离培养与基因组测序的完成,新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease,COVID?19）的确诊主要依靠RT?PCR 法检测SARS?CoV?2 核酸基因,重组酶介导等温核酸扩增技术（recombinase aided amplification,RAA）等新型常温核酸扩增技术也得到进一步应用。免疫学诊断包括胶体金和ELISA IgM 和IgG 抗体检测技术,主要用于人群的筛查和辅助诊断。基于CRISPR技术的新型诊断技术等也在进一步完善过程中。     

糖皮质激素在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的药学监护

国家卫生健康委员会自新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease,COVID 19)疫情发生以来先后制定了7个版本的COVID 19诊疗方案,并给予了越来越完善和有针对性的治疗方案,推荐的药物中包括糖皮质激素,但激素在病毒性肺炎中的应用目前存在一定争议。激素药理作用复杂、种类繁多,在具体应用时,品种的选择、使用剂量及不良反应、注意事项等各方面都需要给予特别的关注。本文根据现有资料,总结了激素在COVID 19中的应用,为临床治疗提供药学监护方面的参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间胃癌患者临床诊治和管理策略

2019年12月起武汉暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019,COVID?19）对胃癌患者的诊治造成了困难,同时也增大了医疗单位的压力。胃癌作为一种高度异质性的恶性肿瘤,在疫情期间应当针对其特点制定特殊的诊断和治疗方案,同时因地制宜进行合理的居家指导和全程管理,最大程度降低疫情对胃癌患者诊治的不良影响,使胃癌患者顺利度过COVID?19的流行期。     

11例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床特征及预后分析

目的：分析总结新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019,COVID?19）患者在发热门诊就诊时的临床特征,比较不同住院时间组患者临床特征的差异。方法：对南京医科大学第一附属医院2020年1月20日—2月29日发热门诊筛查的11例COVID?19患者临床表现、实验室检查、影像学资料进行分析总结,并比较不同住院时间患者间临床特征的差异。结果：11例患者中合并基础疾病6例,发热及干咳是发生率最高的不适症状。7例淋巴细胞计数降低,肺部磨玻璃样渗出表现是最常见的胸部CT异常表现。与住院时间大于14 d相比,住院时间小于14 d的患者平均年龄更低,首次就诊前症状持续时间更短,中性粒细胞绝对计数及基础白蛋白水平较高,磨玻璃样浸润的肺叶数目更少,但由于样本量较少两组数据差异无统计学意义。结论：在发热门诊诊疗过程中需重视患者的流行病学史及胸部CT异常表现,同时警惕高龄及肺叶浸润数目较多可能是COVID?19患者需长时间住院的危险因素。     

儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床特征及诊疗分析

目的:对6例新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-2019)患儿的临床特征及诊疗方法进行回顾性分析,为当前新型冠状病毒患儿的诊疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2020年2月本院隔离收治的6例COVID患儿的临床资料及诊疗过程。结果:6例经核酸检测确诊的患儿通过重组人干扰素α-1b抗病毒、中药清热解毒、对症支持等治疗,连续2次核酸检测阴性后治愈出院,无1例患儿出现明显并发症和复发。结论:COVID患儿主要通过肺部CT及病毒核酸检测确诊,通过重组人干扰素α-1b等抗病毒治疗联合中药及对症支持治疗,能有效治愈COVID患儿,无明显不良反应,但其安全性尚需大量临床病例长期随访予以证实。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.