Lateral rectus resection versus medial rectus re-recession for residual esotropia: early results of a randomized clinical trial

PURPOSE: To compare lateral rectus muscle resection with medial rectus muscle re-recession for patients with residual esotropia. METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 25 patients (mean age, 18.8 +/- 8.7 years) with residual esotropia who were candidates for reoperation. They were randomly assigned into two groups: re-recession group (n = 12), in which the medial rectus muscle was recessed again, and the resection group (n = 13), in which lateral rectus muscle resection was performed. Postoperative deviation < or =10 prism dioptres was considered to be treatment success. RESULTS: The success rate of the re-recession group and the resection group was 67% and 54%, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant. Each 1 mm of medial rectus re-recession and lateral rectus resection corrected 7.5 +/- 1.2 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 prism dioptres of residual esotropia, respectively. In 50% of the re-recession group, mild medial rectus muscle underaction occurred; however, only 16.5% developed an increase in the near point of convergence. Major intraoperative and postoperative complications, including overcorrection and slippage or a lost muscle, did not occur in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Medial rectus muscle re-recession can be a substitute for lateral rectus muscle resection in patients with residual esotropia. The resultant underaction of the medial rectus muscle after re-recession is relatively mild and causes no major problems.     

眼外肌调整缝线联合拮抗肌折叠术在先天性内斜视的临床应用

目的探讨眼外肌调整缝线联合拮抗肌折叠术矫正先天性内斜视的临床疗效。方法 2005年9月至2010年1月在北京儿童医院对102例先天性内斜视(1~4岁)患儿实施眼外肌调整缝线联合拮抗肌折叠术。所有患儿均为阿托品散瞳屈光矫正后检查术前远、近三棱镜斜视度以及术后三棱镜斜视度。所有患儿均需行两条及三条肌肉手术,即主斜眼的内直肌后徙+外直肌折叠术,对于大于35°者选择主斜眼的内直肌后徙+外直肌折叠术+另一眼的内直肌后徙术,其中后徙直肌均加用调整缝线技术。分别检查记录术前、术后2周、术后1月、术后6月、术后1年的斜视度变化并加以比较。采用均数±标准差(s)及配对t检验对计量资料进行分析。结果术前检查戴镜斜视度33cm及6M分别为+58.43△±6.5△、+54.21△±5.4△,术后2周检查斜视度分别为+6.13△±3.2△、+4.13△±2.8△。术后1个月、6个月及1年的33cm斜视度分别为+4.79△±3.6△、+2.75△±4.3△、+2.13△±4.1△。术前斜视度与术后2周斜视度比较(P<0.001),差异有显著统计学意义。而术后1个月、6个月、1年分别与术后2周比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后3天内欠矫14例,过矫11例,调整率24.5%。术后2周正位101例,正位率99%。过矫1例,过矫率1%。结论眼外肌调整缝线联合拮抗肌折叠术矫正先天性内斜视,其手术安全可靠,操作简便时间短,术后早期正位率高,手术效果肯定。     

直肌移位联合改良肌联结术治疗麻痹性内斜视

目的：观察直肌移位联合改良的肌联结术治疗麻痹性内斜视的手术效果。方法对31例（33眼）麻痹性内斜视病人采用直肌移位联合改良加强的肌联结并同时行相应内直肌后徙术治疗。观察术后原在位眼位、代偿头位、眼球运动及复视的改善效果。随访6月~36月,平均14.5月。结果术后26例（27眼）原在位〈＋10△,2例（3眼）欠矫10△以上,3例（3眼）轻度过矫。原在位满意者（＋10△~-10△）占90.9%。术后27例代偿头位矫正。2例残存微小头位。外转过中线5°~20°,平均9°。随访期间过矫的3例恢复。原在位满意者占81.8%。未发现眼前节缺血并发症。结论直肌移位联合改良的肌联结术是一种有效治疗麻痹性内斜视的良好方法。     

双眼内直肌后徙术矫正儿童先天性内斜视

目的 探讨先天性内斜视的手术时机、手术方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析经双眼内直肌后徙术的先天性内斜视儿童80例。结果 术前斜视角 30^△～ 80^△，平均 51 .5^△。术后正位65例，正位率81．25％；欠矫15例，欠矫率18．75％；无一例过矫。无任何并发症发生。结论 先天性内斜视应早期手术，双眼内直肌后徙术疗效好，内直肌粗壮、紧张者手术效果尤佳。     

双眼内直肌超常量后徙治疗大度数内斜视

目的探讨双眼内直肌超常量后徙治疗大角度内斜视的效果。方法30例大度数内斜视的患者，施行双内直肌超常量后徙8～10mm。结果在30例中26例（86．67％）眼位正常或存在10。以内轻度内斜视，4例（13．33％）患者矫正不足而失败。结论双眼内直肌超常量后徙是治疗大度数内斜的有效方法。     

Unusual case of temporal dermoid cyst presenting as oculomotor nerve palsy

Dermoid cysts are choristomas resulting from the inclusion of ectodermal tissue during closure of the neural tube and occur along the epithelial lines of fusion. Frontotemporal dermoids are the most common type and generally present as an asymptomatic mass. We present an unusual case of frontotemporal dermoid presenting as sudden onset oculomotor nerve palsy in young male patient and describe the neurosurgical approach in its management.     

超常量内直肌后退术治疗大度数内斜视的疗效

目的:观察双眼内直肌超常量后退术治疗大度数非调节性的共同性内斜视的临床效果。方法:回顾分析81例大度数共同性内斜视,按手术方式不同分为观察组(内直肌超常量后退)和对照组(内直肌常规量后退),评价其手术肌肉条数、术后1wk及1a的眼位和眼球内转功能。结果:观察组行双眼内直肌后徙术43例,双眼内直肌后徙+单眼外直肌缩短术5例;对照组行双眼内直肌后徙术6例,双眼内直肌后徙+单眼外直肌缩短术21例,双眼内直肌后徙+双眼外直肌缩短术6例。手术肌肉条数比较两组之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.72,P<0.01)。术后1wk,观察组眼位-2△～+12△,平均+6.52△±3.23△,对照组眼位-3△～+10△,平均+5.38△±2.46△,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.45,P=0.08);术后1a,观察组眼位-5△～+10△,平均+4.57△±2.71△,对照组-5△～+8△,平均+3.92△±2.15△,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.23,P=0.10)。术后1wk,观察组有14例,对照组有6例内转功能受限;术后1a,观察组有5例,对照组有2例内转功能受限,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.27,P>0.05;χ2=0.47,P>0.05)。结论:超常量内直肌后退术治疗大度数共同性内斜视可减少手术肌肉条数,他对眼球内转功能无明显影响。     

单眼内直肌超常量后徙术在矫正成人小角度内斜视中的手术疗效

目的:观察单眼内直肌超常量后徙术在矫正小角度(≤+30△)非调节性的成人共同性内斜视中的临床效果.方法:回顾分析小角度成人(年龄≥18岁)共同性内斜视患者20例30眼,男女不限,随机分组,按照手术方式分为观察组(单眼内直肌超常量后徙组)和对照组(双眼内直肌等量后徙组).两组案例全部采用可调节缝线,评估术后3d,3mo的眼位,眼球内转功能及调节性集合与调节的比率(AC/A).结果:共纳入研究患者20例30眼,男女比例为13:7,年龄18~42(28.2±19.9)岁,观察组10例10眼,单眼内直肌后徙量在8~9 mm;对照组10例20眼,双眼内直肌后徙量在4~5 mm.术后3 d观察组眼位-3△~+10△,平均+5.02△±2.39△;对照组眼位-2△~+10△,平均+4.86△±2.28△,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.36,P<0.05).术后3 mo观察组眼位+4△~+11△,平均+4.31△±1.65△;对照组眼位+3△~+10△,平均+3.91△±2.68△,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.01,P>0.05).术后3 d观察组有3眼内转功能受限,对照组无内转功能受限.术后3 mo,两组均未出现内转功能受限.同视机法测定术后3 mo观察组AC/A为3.09±0.15,对照组AC/A为3.16±0.09,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.18,P>0.05).结论:单眼内直肌后徙量在9 mm以内是一种安全有效的矫正成人小角度内斜视的手术方式,对眼球内转功能无明显影响.     

上直肌转位联合内直肌后徙术治疗外展神经麻痹性内斜视的临床疗效

目的 探讨上直肌转位(SRT)联合内直肌后徙术(MRC)治疗外展神经麻痹性内斜视的临床疗效.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2017年9月至2020年3月郑州大学第一附属医院斜视与小儿眼科专业组收治的应用SRT联合MRC治疗的38例(50眼)外展神经麻痹性内斜视患者的临床资料.采用三棱镜角膜映光法测量所有患者第一眼位斜视...     

Acquired Esotropia in Cerebellar Disease: A Case Series Illustrating Misdiagnosis as Isolated Lateral Rectus Paresis and Progression Over Time

We highlight an under-recognised cause of acquired esotropia with this prospective observational case series of adults with diplopia secondary to cerebellar dysfunction. We also show deterioration of cerebellar esotropia over time, which has not been previously described. Seven adults (four women) developed diplopia at a median age of 63 years (range: 31–75 years), as the initial manifestation of the underlying cerebellar disorder. Causes of cerebellar dysfunction were familial cerebellar ataxia of unknown mutation (two patients), idiopathic cerebellar ataxia (four patients), and spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (one patient). At onset, three patients had unilateral and four had bilateral lateral rectus under-action. These were initially diagnosed as lateral rectus paresis, but the diagnosis was revised, as our examination showed no slowing of abducting saccades assessed clinically and full abduction with gaze-evoked nystagmus. Esotropia was concomitant and worse for distance, although at onset one patient’s esotropia was equal for near and distance. There was a trend of worsening esotropia over time, following a median interval follow-up of 4 years (range: 1–18). All patients were first observed to have cerebellar eye signs after a median interval of 5 years (range: 1–30) from presentation, i.e., impaired pursuit (7/7 patients), gaze-evoked nystagmus (7/7), hypometric saccades (3/7), downbeat nystagmus (2/7), and skew deviation (4/7). Only two patients have not developed non-ocular cerebellar eye signs, after 5 and 8 years from diplopia onset, respectively; the other five patients had gait ataxia, which could be mild. The patients were successfully treated with prisms (7/7), botulinum toxin injections (1/7), and strabismus surgery (1/7).     

双眼内直肌超常量后退治疗婴幼儿大度数内斜视12例

目的:探讨双眼内直肌超常量后退治疗婴幼儿大度数内斜的效果。方法:12例大度数内斜视的婴幼儿,施行双内直肌超常量后退8mm。结果:在12例中,9例(75%)眼位正常或存在10°以内的轻度内斜视,3例(25%)患儿矫正不足而失败。结论:双眼内直肌超常量后退是治疗婴幼儿大度数内斜的有效方法。     

双眼内直肌后退术治疗高AC/A非屈光性调节性内斜视

目的对高AC/A的非屈光性调节性内斜视患者,进行双眼内直肌后徙术,观察手术疗效.方法选取15例高AC/A的非屈光性调节性内斜视患者进行双眼内直肌后徙术,后徙量依据斜视度数而定,术后观察眼位,AC/A值及双眼单视功能.结果15例患者术后视远斜视度数平均减少36.80棱镜度,视近斜视度数平均减少48.80棱镜度;9例患者术后双眼立体视锐度有不同程度的提高;13例患者术后不再需要双光镜.2例患者视近斜视度数没有得到改善,术后仍需戴双光镜.结论对高AC/A的非屈光性调节性内斜视患者进行双眼内直肌后徙术,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

内直肌超常量后徙治疗共同性内斜视疗效观察

目的观察内直肌超常量后徙治疗共同性内斜的手术效果。方法对不同类型的共同性内斜均采用超常量内直肌后徙，根据斜视度不同，单眼或双眼内直肌后徙6-9mm。结果术后眼位矫正良好，无明显内转及辐辏受限现象，术后经视功能训练，有部分患者恢复Ⅲ级视功能。结论内直肌超常量后徙是治疗共同性内斜的一种安全可行的办法。     

手术治疗儿童先天性内斜视76例

目的　探讨儿童先天性内斜视的手术时机、手术方法及手术治疗效果。方法　回顾性分析采用手术治疗的先天性内斜视儿童 76例 ,行双眼内直肌后徙术 72例 ,单眼内直肌后徙加外直肌缩短术 4例。结果　术前斜视角 30 △ ～ 80 △ ,平均 5 1.5 △ 。术后正位 6 1例 ,正位率 80 .2 6 % ;欠矫 15例 ,欠矫率 19.74 % ;无 1例过矫。无任何并发症发生。结论　先天性内斜视应早期手术 ,双眼内直肌后徙术疗效好 ,内直肌粗壮、紧张者手术效果尤佳。     

Differentiating intradiploic orbital dermoid and epidermoid cysts utilizing clinical features and machine learning

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to characterize intradiploic dermoid and epidermoid orbital cysts to determine any differences in clinical, radiographic, or surgical features.Methods:A retrospective review was performed of patients presenting with intradiplopic dermoid or epidermoid cysts. Additionally, a complete review of the literature was performed to identify cases of intradiplopic orbital dermoid and epidermoid cysts. Data collected included age, sex, presenting symptoms, location of intradiplopic cyst, ophthalmic findings, treatment, and follow-up. Clinical features of dermoid versus epidermoid cyst were compared. Additionally, machine-learning algorithms were developed to predict histopathology based on clinical features.Results:There were 55 cases of orbital intradiploic cysts, 49 from literature review and six from our cohort. Approximately 31% had dermoid and 69% had epidermoid histopathology. Average age of patients with dermoid cysts was significantly lesser than that of patients with epidermoid cysts (23 vs. 35 years, respectively; P = 0.048). There was no difference between sex predilection, presenting symptoms, radiographic findings, or surgical treatment of dermoids and epidermoids. The majority of patients (64%) underwent craniotomy for surgical removal. Machine-learning algorithms KStar and Neural Network were able to distinguish dermoid from epidermoid with accuracies of 76.3% and 69%, respectively.Conclusion:Orbital intradiploic cysts are more commonly epidermoid in origin. Dermoid cysts presented in younger patients; however, there were no other significant differences in features including ophthalmic or radiographic findings. Despite similar features, machine learning was able to identify dermoid versus epidermoid with good accuracy. Future studies may examine the role of machine learning for clinical guidance as well as new surgical options for intervention.     

Relation between preoperative hyperopia and surgical outcome in infantile esotropia

AIM: To evaluate the relation between preoperative hyperopia and surgical outcomes of infantile esotropia in patients younger than 24 months of age. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recession for infantile esotropia between November 1, 2002 and December 1, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of preoperative hyperopia. Group I had less than +3.0 diopter (D) of hyperopia and group II had between +3.0 and +5.0 D of hyperopia. Postoperative alignments were evaluated 1wk, 3, 6mo, and 1y after surgery. Following the 1-year postoperative visit, patients were monitored yearly. Relationships between preoperative factors including hyperopia and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were included, with 33 patients in group I and 13 patients in group II. The preoperative mean refractive error was +0.88 D in group I and +3.45 D in group II. Surgical outcomes were not significantly different between groups at any postoperative time point examined. Cumulative probability of surgical success, prevalence of inferior oblique overaction, dissociated vertical deviation, and re-operation rate were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: Preoperative moderate hyperopia (less than +5.0 D) did not affect the surgical outcome of infantile esotropia. Therefore, the surgical correction of esotropia should be considered when the angle of esodeviation is unchanged following hyperopia correction, even in children with moderate hyperopia.     

Jensen术治疗外直肌全麻痹

目的:观察Jensen术(直肌联结术)治疗外直肌全麻痹的临床效果.方法:回顾分析1999-05/2006-09采用Jensen术治疗15例外直肌全麻痹患者的手术效果.结果:一次手术后正位14例、欠矫1例二次手术后正位.所有患者外观满意,复视消失、代偿头位消失、第一眼位正位、眼球可外转10°～20°,未发现眼前节缺血现象.结论:Jensen术是治疗外直肌全麻痹的理想方法.     

An unusual eyelid mass: Tarsal dermoid cyst

We report the case of a 15-month-old boy who presented with a mass lesion of the right upper eyelid that had been present since birth and had slowly enlarged over the last 3 months. The lesion had minimal surrounding erythema simulating the appearance of a chalazion. Intraoperatively the lesion was noted to be firmly adherent to the underlying tarsus. The lesion was excised completely through an eyelid crease approach leaving the tarsus intact. The histopathology was consistent with dermoid cyst. To our knowledge, this is the third case of a tarsal dermoid cyst reported in the literature. Dermoid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of eyelid mass lesions, and particulary differentiated from a chalazion to avoid mismanagement that may lead to scarring, recurrence and inflammation. The excision of these lesions sparing the underlying tarsus can be possible.     

儿童眶周皮样囊肿114例临床分析

目的：探讨儿童眶周皮样囊肿的临床特点、彩色多普勒超声及CT影像学表现和诊疗经验。
　　方法：回顾性分析114例经手术后病理组织学证实的眶周皮样囊肿患者的临床资料。所有患者均行彩色多普勒超声检查,部分患者行CT检查。根据肿物的部位设计不同的手术切口。
　　结果：选取114例患儿中,右眼61例,左眼53例。肿物位于眶颞上缘68例(59.6%),眶上缘27例(23.7%),眶内上缘13例(11.4%),眶内下缘5例(4.4%),眶下缘1例(0.9%)。肿块与骨膜粘连紧密者49例。彩色多普勒检查示肿物边界清楚100例(87 .7%),低回声者105例(92.1%),回声均匀者61例(53.5%),伴有液性暗区者4例,囊肿内部无血彩者107例(93.9%)。行CT检查者40例中,CT值范围-55~32Hu。肿物周边骨壁破坏7例。术中根据肿物的部位行不同的手术切口。眉弓切口72例,上睑双重睑切口10例,囊肿部位顺皮肤方向皮肤切口30例,穹隆切口2例。所有患者术后随访3mo~4a,均无明显手术并发症,无复发。
　　结论：联合彩色多普勒及CT检查,可术前对儿童眶周皮样囊肿进行准确定性、定位诊断。巧妙利用肿块位置设计手术切口,完整摘除囊壁是达到术后更好的美容效果,避免复发的关键。