基于微信平台的骨科临床实习教学设计与实践

目的　评价基于微信平台的骨科临床实践教学的设计实施效果。方法　选取2015年9月至2017年8月在我院骨科实习的62名临床医学专业本科生为教学对象;随机分为实验组和对照组,每组31人。对照组按照大纲要求实施传统教学;实验组在传统教学基础上,进行相关课程的微信资源制作、推送、交流学习。出科时两组学生均行理论和操作考试、综合素质评定、对教师教学工作的评价以及问卷调查;运用SAS 9.0进行统计,组间比较行t检验或CMH-卡方检验。结果　实验组学生的理论考试成绩[（87.52±5.45） vs. （82.61±7.70）]、操作考试成绩[（94.36±2.60） vs. （92.26±3.01）]、综合素质评分[（95.94±1.61） vs. （93.42±2.81）]、对教师教学的评分[（94.58±2.06） vs. （92.55±1.69）]均优于对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。问卷调查显示,实验组在自身学习动力（P=0.035）、文献学习情况（P=0.013）、课程安排（P=0.007）、教师教学满意度（P=0.029）、对专业的认可度（P=0.040）方面的评价优于对照组。结论　基于微信平台的骨科临床实践教学有效可行,有助于提高学生的学习主动性,帮助学生掌握有效的学习策略,值得推广应用。     

小规模限制性在线课程在医学本科生淋巴瘤临床教学中的应用研究

目的　探究设计基于小规模限制性在线课程（small private online course,SPOC）的整合教学应用于医学本科生淋巴瘤临床教学的可行性和实践效果。方法　将60名在血液内科进行临床学习的医学生,按入科前基础医学理论考试成绩,随机分入SPOC教学组（n=30）和以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）组（n=30）,进行淋巴瘤相关知识点的临床教学和指导。教学活动结束后,采用匿名问卷调查师生对SPOC和PBL教学的主观体验及评价;并通过两组学生出科考试成绩的比较,分析不同方法下教学质量的差异。采用SPSS 19.0对两组学生考试成绩行t检验。结果　调查结果显示,与PBL教学组相比,SPOC教学组师生的教学反馈评价更高、教学体验更好,SPOC得到师生的普遍认可。SPOC教学组学生的出科考试三项成绩均优于PBL教学组,且差异有统计学意义：出科理论成绩[（84.03±7.66） vs.（77.60±8.22）,P=0.005],实践技能成绩[（87.83±8.17） vs. （81.97±6.13）,P=0.001],病例分析成绩[（88.17±6.53） vs. （80.10±6.91）,P=0.000]。结论　基于SPOC的整合教学适宜医学本科生淋巴瘤临床教学,且有助于提升学生的学习兴趣、学习能力、基础理论水平和临床实践能力,为专科疾病临床教学提供了新思路。     

VR联合AR融入式教学系统在临床医学专业口腔通识医学教育的应用研究

目的　研究虚拟现实（virtual reality,VR）联合增强现实（augmented reality,AR）融入式教学系统在临床医学专业口腔通识医学教育的应用与效果。方法　以海军军医大学2015级临床医学五年制一教班160名本科生为研究对象,分为VR+AR组和传统组,每组各80人。对两组学生的前期成绩及授课成绩进行对比分析,并于结课后进行问卷调查分析。利用Epidata 3.0进行问卷资料输入,使用SPSS 23.0软件进行t检验、卡方检验和Fisher精确检验。结果　VR+AR组与传统组在基础知识成绩上差异无统计学意义[（52.65±3.76） vs. （51.90±3.46）,P=0.516],但VR+AR组在病例分析[（35.85±2.56） vs. （31.40±2.96）,P＜0.001]及总成绩[（88.50±4.95） vs. （83.30±4.86）,P=0.002]上均高于传统组。问卷调查结果显示,VR+AR组在“教学模式”[（92.30±6.90） vs. （85.20±7.30）,P＜0.001]、“教学方法”[（91.70±5.90） vs. （86.00±6.70）,P=0.012]和“教学提升”[（90.70±8.70） vs. （82.30±8.40）,P＜0.001]上评分均高于传统教学组。结论　VR联合AR融入式教学系统,可提高教学成绩与教学质量,方便用于口腔狭小空间内的教学演示、模拟操作,适用于临床医学专业口腔通识医学教育。     

PBL联合腹腔镜手术在妇科教学中的应用

目的　探讨以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）联合腹腔镜手术教学在妇科住院医师规范化培训中的价值。方法　选择2015年9月至2016年9月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院进行妇产科规范化培训的学员46名。随机平均分为两组;观察组采用 PBL 教学联合腹腔镜手术教学,对照组采用传统教学。以考试及问卷调查的方法对两组进行教学效果的评估。采用SPSS 20.0 统计软件对结果进行卡方检验或t检验。结果　观察组学员理论及技能操作考试成绩均明显高于对照组[（90.78±2.73） vs．（85.09±3.78）;（89.13±2.90） vs． （80.87±4.19）],差异有统计学意义;观察组腹腔镜操作考试通过率高于对照组（91.30% vs． 65.21%,P=0.035）;操作时间明显少于对照组[（16.74±3.08） vs． （20.43±3.94）,P=0.001];观察组学员在临床应变能力、临床操作能力、学习积极性、带教满意度方面均优于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。结论　在相同课时内,PBL教学联合腹腔镜手术教学能更有效地提高住院医师的基础理论知识和临床实践能力。     

全景式教学在全科医学临床教学中的实践

目的　探讨全景式教学在全科医学实习教学中的应用效果。方法　2017年10月至2018年10月期间,选取在我院全科医学科进行临床实习的本科生40名为研究对象,以教学方法不同分为实验组和对照组。实验组采用全景式教学,包括案例教学、情景设计、情景模拟与拓展等环节,而对照组采用传统教学模式。实验组和对照组均为20人,教学结束后,对两组学生分别采用理论考试、实践考试、问卷调查的方法评估教学效果。利用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行统计分析,两组间比较采用t检验。结果　在临床实习成绩方面,实验组学生理论考试[（85.4±3.3） vs. （82.5±2.5）]、技能操作成绩[（31.5±3.5） vs. （27.6±2.2）]均高于对照组;在学生满意度问卷调查方面,理论知识学习[（7.7±0.9） vs. （6.8±0.7）]、基本操作学习[（7.8±0.9） vs. （6.7±0.7）]、学习兴趣[（8.1±0.7） vs. （6.9±0.7）]、自主学习能力[（7.7±0.7） vs. （7.1±0.6）]、师生沟通[（7.6±0.8） vs. （6.8±0.7）]、医患沟通[（7.5±0.6） vs. （7.0±0.8）]、医学人文精神[（7.9±0.7） vs. （6.8±0.7）]、团队协作[（8.2±0.6） vs. （6.5±0.5）]及教学方法总体满意度[（8.4±0.5） vs. （7.4±0.7）]方面,实验组评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论　全景式教学能够显著提高全科医学实习生的理论及技能操作成绩,改善全科医学临床教学的教学效果,提高实习医生对临床教学的满意度和兴趣。     

CBL联合临床路径教学在全科医师转岗培训心内科教学中的应用

目的　评价以病例为基础的教学（case-based learning,CBL）联合临床路径在全科医师转岗培训心内科教学中的效果。方法　纳入2018年5月至2019年3月在重庆医科大学附属永川医院心内科进行全科医师转岗培训的学员63人,随机分为对照组（n=30）和实验组（n=33）;对照组采用传统带教模式教学,实验组采用CBL联合临床路径教学;比较培训结束后两组学员理论考试及操作考试成绩,并采用问卷调查评价培训满意度。结果　实验组出科理论考试、实践技能考试分数均高于对照组[（83.57±4.32）分vs.（77.10±4.72）分,t=-5.678,P<0.001;（78.24±5.28）分vs. （70.83±5.86）分,t=-5.279,P＜0.001];在规范诊疗、提高学习兴趣、医患沟通、查体技能提升等满意度调查中,实验组均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论　在全科医师转岗培训心内科教学中,CBL联合临床路径教学优于传统教学,值得在全科医师转岗培训中推广。     

PBL结合RPT教学在皮肤性病学临床见习教学中的应用

目的： 探讨以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）结合角色扮演法（role palying teaching,RPT）在皮肤性病临床见习教学中的效果。方法：将112名临床本科实习生随机分成实验组（PBL结合RPT教学,n=56）和对照组（PBL教学,n=56）,实习结束后通过临床见习理论考试、临床技能考核和问卷调查对两组教学方法进行评价,采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行处理和统计分析。组间比较采用独立样本t检验。结果：实验组理论考试和临床技能考核成绩均高于对照组[(74.29±3.17)vs. (66.14±2.17); (16.66±1.11)vs. (14.50±1.51)],差异有统计学意义。问卷调查显示,实验组在学习兴趣、医患沟通能力以及人文关怀等方面优于对照组。结论：因此PBL结合RPT教学模式能更好地调动学生学习的积极性,培养和提高医学生人文素质、临床思维以及实践能力,获得了满意的教学效果,有着较好的应用前景。     

基于网络的微课在显微骨科教学中的应用评价

目的　通过成绩考核和学生问卷调查评价“微课”网络教学在显微骨科教学的效果。方法　将116名学生随机分为实验组（58人）和对照组（58人）,对于相同的临床骨科教学内容,分别采取网络“微课”教学和传统教学。在临床实习结束后,对两组学生进行理论知识和临床技能的考核,并自设问卷调查教学满意度。通过SPSS 23.0对考试结果进行t检验及秩和检验。结果　在经过微课教学后,实验组学生的成绩,包括理论成绩[（94.86±3.73） vs. （91.03±4.02）,t=-3.976,P=0.000]和临床操作成绩[（91.81±4.51） vs. （86.93±4.62）,t=-5.999,P=0.000]明显优于对照组。问卷结果显示,实验组在对教学方法有效性、促进师生互动交流、提升临床学习积极性、系统建立临床思维、加深对所学理论知识的理解5个项目的满意率评价上均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论　网络“微课”教学显著提升了显微骨科的临床教学质量,促进学生的自主性和积极性,但仍要进一步完善微课教学内容和互动体系,达到更系统且长久的教学效果。     

PBL和LBL联合教学在骨骼运动系统疾病教学中的效果评价

目的　探讨以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）和传统讲授式教学（lecture-based learning,LBL）在临床医学八年制骨骼运动系统疾病教学中的应用效果。方法　将四川大学华西临床医学院2014级和2015级参与《骨骼运动系统疾病》课程“骨关节炎”教学的临床医学八年制学生分为对照组（60人）和试验组（82人）。对照组采用LBL教学,试验组采用PBL+LBL联合教学。采用问卷调查的方式评价教学效果,包括学习积极性、知识理解程度、思考能力、团队合作能力、实践操作能力、自学能力及师生关系等7个方面,以及对教学满意度的评价。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　试验组学习积极性[（8.00±1.61） vs. （7.28±1.98）]、知识理解程度[（8.02±1.59） vs. （7.33±1.79）]、思考能力[（8.34±1.66） vs. （7.42±1.90）]、团队合作能力[（8.32±1.76） vs. （6.60±2.79）]、实践操作能力[（7.70±1.69） vs. （6.87±2.57）]、自学能力[（8.05±1.65） vs. （7.35±2.48）]及师生关系（7.96±1.75） vs. （7.25±2.10）]方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。同时,PBL+LBL联合教学组对教学的满意度高于LBL组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　在临床医学八年制《骨骼运动系统疾病》课程“骨关节炎”教学中应用PBL+LBL联合教学,可有效提高学生学习积极性,提升教学质量,获得良好的教学效果。     

环巴胺阻断Hedgehog信号通路对食管癌EC109细胞上皮间质化逆转的影响及机制

目的：探讨环巴胺阻断Hedgehog通路对食管癌EC109细胞上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）的作用及其可能机制。方法：实验分为实验组和对照组,实验组应用Hedgehog通路特异性阻断剂环巴胺作用食管癌EC109细胞48 h。通过real-time PCR检测Gli1的表达变化,观察细胞形态变化,通过血管拟态实验检测血管形成能力变化,Transwell小室侵袭和迁移实验、黏附实验分别检测细胞侵袭、迁移和黏附能力变化,real-time PCR及Western 印迹方法检测EMT相关标志物E钙粘蛋白（E-cadherin）、β连环蛋白（β-catenin）、波形蛋白（Vimentin）及EMT调控因子Snail、Twist1等的表达变化。结果：环巴胺阻断EC109细胞Hedgehog 信号通路Gli1的mRMA表达明显减少为（41.819±20.150）%,形态发生明显变化,血管拟态个数较对照组[（2.780±0.424） vs. （5.080±0.634）]明显减少（t=-16.919,P=0.000）,侵袭实验较对照组[（24.800±2.588） vs.（55.400±4.879）]和迁移实验较对照组[（23.200±1.924） vs. （65.400±4.775）]均明显减少（t=-12.390,P=0.000;t=-18.331,P=0.000）,同种细胞间黏附增强（F=9.327,P=0.009）,上皮表型标志物E-cadherin表达较对照组[（0.38８±0.56５） vs. （0.22８±0.582）]明显上调（t=3.421,P=0.027）,而间质表型Vimentin、β-catenin的表达水平较对照组[（0.58８±0.109） vs. （0.507±0.05１）;（0.998±0.128） vs. （0.756±0.03８）]明显下调（t=4.221,P=0.013;t=6.781,P=0.002）;与对照组相比,实验组细胞中转录因子Snail的表达较对照组[（0.401±0.02１） vs. （0.756±0.03８）]下调（t=6.774,P=0.002）,Twist1的mRNA表达量相对于对照组也明显下调为（74.987±9.031）%。结论：环巴胺阻断Hh信号通路能明显逆转EC109细胞EMT过程,其机制可能与下调转录因子Snail及Twist1表达有关。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.