Effects of tanshinone Ⅱ sodium sulfonate plus cinepazide maleate on the hemorrheologic indexes and blood lipids in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND: The severity of cerebral infarction is associated with the increase of blood viscosity caused by hyperfibrinogenemia and hyperlipidemia, etc. Thus it has become one of the target for treating cerebral infarction to decrease blood viscosity by integrated Chinese and western medicine. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence and clinical therapeutic effects of cinepazide maleate combined with tanshinone Ⅱ A sodium sulfonate on the hemorrheologic indexes and blood lipids of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and compare the results with those of simple cinepazide maleate treatment. DESIGN: A non-randomized case-controlled observation. SETTINGS: Hebei North University; the Second Affiliated Hospitals of Hebei North University; the Third Affiliated Hospitals of Hebei North University. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six inpatients with cerebral infarction were selected from the infirmary, the Second and Third Affiliated Hospitals of Hebei North University from September 2004 to October 2006. They were all diagnosed to have acute cerebral infarction by CT or MRI, and accorded with the diagnostic standards for acute cerebral infarction set by the Fourth National Academic Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease in 1995. Meanwhile, 40 teachers and medical staff of voluntary physical examinees were selected as the control group. Informed contents were obtained from all the patients and their relatives. METHODS: The patients were divided into combined treatment group (n=43) and simple treatment group (n=43). In the combined treatment group, the patients were administrated with 160 mg cinepazide maleate injection (Beijing Four-ring Pharmaceutical, Co.,Ltd, No. H200220125; 80 mg/2 mL) added in 5% glucose, and 40 mg tanshinone Ⅱ sodium sulfonate (Shanghai No.1 Biochemical & Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., No. H31022558, 10 mg/2 mL) added in 250 mL normal saline. In the simple treatment group, the patients were only administrated with cinepazide maleate 320 mg added in 5% glucose or 250 mL normal saline. They were treated for 1 or 2 courses, once a day, and 14 days as a course. The patients were detected before treatment and at 14 and 28 days after treatment respectively. ① Determination of hemorrheologic indexes: Whole blood viscosity was determined with LBY-N6B automatic hemorrheologic meter; Plasma viscosity with LBY-F200B automatic plasma viscosity meter; Volume of fibrinogen was determined by the method of 12.5% sodium nitrate depositing biuret reaction. ② Determination of blood lipids: The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined. ③ Severity of neurological deficit: The total score of neurological deficit score (NDS) ranged from 0 to 45 points, 0–15 points was taken as mild, 16–30 points as moderate and 31–45 points as severe. ④ Evaluation of curative effects: Generally cured: NDS decreased by 91%–100%, and disabled severity of grade 0; Significantly improved: NDS decreased by 46%–90%, and disabled severity of grades 1–3; Improved: NDS decreased by 18%–45%; No change: NDS decreased by less than 18%; Aggravated: NDS increased by more than 18%. Generally cured and significant improved were taken as significant effect. ⑤ The adverse events and side effects after medication were observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of hemorrheologic indexes and blood lipids; ② NDS results in the combined treatment group and simple treatment group; ③ Therapeutic effects and adverse events. RESULTS: All the 86 patients with cerebral infarction and 40 healthy controls were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of hemorrheologic indexes and blood lipids: The hemorrheologic indexes and blood lipids before treatment were manifested as abnormalities to different extents in both the combined treatment group and simple treatment group; The hemorrheologic indexes after treatment were obviously improved in both groups. But the hemorrheologic indexes were improved more obviously in the combined treatment group as compared with those in the simple treatment group (P < 0.05); The levels of TC, TG and LDL-C after treatment in the combined treatment group were obviously lowered (P < 0.05), whereas those in the simple treatment group were not significantly changed (P > 0.05). ② NDS results: The NDS scores at 14 and 28 days after treatment in the combined treatment group [(6.23±2.34), (4.27±1.83) points] were obviously lower than those in the simple treatment group [(8.76±3.41), (6.65±2.49) points, P < 0.05]. ③ Therapeutic effects and side effects: The total significant effective rates in the combined treatment group and simple treatment group were 93% and 81% respectively. In the combined treatment group, 1 case suffered from palpitation, dizziness and agrypnia. In the simple treatment group, 1 case suffered from palpitation, dizziness and agrypnia, 1 case had itch of skin. All the above symptoms disappeared gradually after the transfusing speed was adjusted to be slower. No drug withdrawal occurred in the patients due to the adverse events. CONCLUSION: Cinepazide maleate combined with tanshinon can obviously improve the abnormalities of hemorrheologic indexes and blood lipids and nerve function in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and its curative effect is faster than that of simple cinepazide maleate treatment.     

Nimodipine for treatment of perifocal edema following aspiration and drainage in patients with cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: After cephalophyma removal, perifocal edema does not disappear subsequently, but progresses occasionally. Nimodipine can improve cerebral blood flow, so it maybe reduce cerebral edema area, and speed up the absorption of edematous fluid. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of nimodipine on perifocal edema area and neurologic function in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) following stereotaxic aspiration. DESIGN: Clinical controlled observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Third Hospital Affiliated to Liaoning Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 116 HICH inpatients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Third Hospital Affiliated to Liaoning Medical University from January 2003 to January 2005 were involved in this experiment. They all met the classification and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease proposed in 1995 4th National Conference on Cerebrovascular Disease. The bleeding volume ≥ 35 mL was confirmed by skull CT. The involved patients, 64 male and 52 femlae, averaged 63 years old, ranging from 40 to 70 years. All the patients suffered from unilateral cerebral hemisphere hemorrhage, and muscle strength of paralyzed limb was less than degree Ⅲ. Informed consents of therapeutic items were obtained from all the patients and relatives. METHODS: ① According to different wills, the patients were assigned into treatment group (n =60) and control group (n =56). In the treatment group, the involved patients, 32 male, 28 female, averaged 63 years. They underwent operation and administration of nimodipine. In the control group, the involved patients, 30 male and 26 female, averaged 62 years old. They all underwent operation simply. Patients in the two groups all received stereotaxic aspiration, drainage, dehydration, haemostasis, antiinflammation, blood pressure controlling and other treatments. Patients in the treatment group were also intravenously injected with 0.2 g/L nimodipine(Bayer Medicine Health Care Co., Ltd., Lot No. 021127) at 10 mg/d. One course of treatment was 15 days. ② According to the clinical neurologic function deficit score of stroke proposed in the 4th National Conference on Cerebrovascular Disease (mild: 0–15 points; moderate: 16–30 points; severe: 31–45 points), neurologic function deficit score and the largest perifocal edema area of patients in two groups were recorded on the 1st, 7th and 15th days after operation. The differences in perifocal edema area and neurologic deficit score between on the 1st and 7th days and between on the 7th and 15th days were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the neurologic function deficit score and the largest perifocal edema area. RESULTS: Two of treatment group and 16 of control group died. Finally, 98 patients participated in the final analysis. ①In the treatment group, the difference in the largest perifocal edema area on the postoperative 7th and 15th days and on the 1st day was (1.02±0.07) and (1.86±0.10) cm2, respectively, which changed more significantly as compared with control group, respectively [(0.02±0.04)，(0.61±0.09) cm2，P < 0.01]. ②The difference in neurologic function deficit score between on the postoperative 15th and 1st days in the treatment group was larger than that in the control group [(7.23±0.22)，(2.68±0.32) points，P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Nimodipine obviously reduces perifocal edema area of patients with cerebral hemorrhage following aspiration and drainage, and promotes the recovery of neurologic function.     

尤瑞克林治疗急性前循环脑梗死的近期疗效和安全性研究

目的 评价尤瑞克林治疗急性前循环脑梗死的近期疗效和安全性.方法 采用随机、单盲、对照设计,纳入珠江医院神经内科自2006年10月至2009年4月收治的61例急性前循环脑梗死患者,并按随机数字表法分为尤瑞克林组(31例)和对照组(30例).两组患者根据病情给予相同的基础治疗,尤瑞克林组存此基础上予以每天0.15 PNA单位尤瑞克林(以100mL生理盐水稀释,30～40滴/min静脉滴注,每天1次,连续14 d).在治疗前及治疗后第21天分别观察两组患者神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS评分)及日常生活能力(mRS评分),并进行血尿常规、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂及心电图等检查,监测血压和脉率,必要时复查头颅CT,观察药物相关的出血性事件及不良反应.结果 与对照组相比,尤瑞克林能明显改善患者NIHSS评分和提高mRS评分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022,P=0.032).依据平均秩次(尤瑞克林组23.86,对照组35.93)判断,尤瑞克林组疗效优于对照组.除尤瑞克林组2例有哮喘病史患者因治疗期间诱发哮喘发作而退出试验外,其他患者未见不良反应.尤瑞克林组用药前后血尿常规、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂及心电图等检查无异常变化,用药后头颅CT检查未见药物相关的出血性事件.结论 应用尤瑞克林治疗急性前循环脑梗死患者安全、有效,能显著改善患者神经功能缺损症状和提高日常生活能力.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the short-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of kallikrein in patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction. Methods Sixty-one patients with anterior circulation cerebral infarction, admitted to our hospital from October 2006 to April 2009, were enrolled in the randomized single-blind control trail. These patients were assigned to kallikrein treatment group (n=31) and control group (n=30). They were both treated by identical basis therapy, such as antiplatelet,dilute blood viscosity, neurotrophy therapy and symptomatic treatment. The patients in the treatment group were treated by intravenous infusion administration of 0.15 PNA kallikrein diluted in 100 mL 0.9% saline at 30-40 drops /min once daily for 14 consecutive days. On the pretherapy and 21st post-treatment day, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), activity of daily living (ADL) of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in these patients were performed;blood routine examinations and urinalysis,hepatorenal function, levels of blood glucose and lipid, and ECG were assessed;blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored. CT scan was employed for ICH if necessary. Drug relative hemorrhage and adverse drug reaction (ADR) were recorded in detail. Results As compared with those in the control group,significantly reduced NIHSS scores and obviously improved ADL scores in the kallikrein treatment group were noted (P=0.022, P=0.032, respectively). According to the mean rank (kallikrein treatment group:23.86, control group: 35.93), the efficacy in the treatment group was better than that in the control group.Except that asthmatic attack happened to 2 patients (having the history of asthma) during treatment period, no other ADRs were noted in all the patients. No abnormal changes of blood routine examinations, urinalysis, hepatorenal function, levels of blood glucose and lipid, and ECG and head CT features in the kallikrein treatment group were detected before and after the treatment;no drug relative hemorrhage was noted either. Conclusion Kallikrein is safe and effective in treating patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction, through reducing the neurologic function impairment and improving ADL.     

A new approach to ischemic brain edema and infarct

Objective: To study the feasibility and efficiency of treatment in the patients with acute moderate and severe ischemic stroke with Neurotropin for its principle of inhibiting cerebral edema and repairing injured neurons. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with Neurotropin was performed in 50 patients admitted within 48h after an acute internal carotid artery infarction, Neurological deficits score ( Europe Stroke Scale-ESS ) ＜80 marks and the area of infarct and edema＞2.25cm2. There were 31 patients in the Neurotropin group and 19 patients in the control group. Basic treatment was Troxerutin 250 mg intravenous drip per day for 21 days in two groups. Additionally, the patients in the Neurotropin group were intravenous injected 106 ampoule Neurotropin (3.6 unit per ampoule), divided into 11 days. We evaluated Neurological deficits score (ESS), ability of daily living (ADL)- Barthel Index, the size and average CT density of infarct and edema area on CT scan during different treatment stage and analyzed.them with statistics. Results: The percentage of improved patients (complete and partial recovery) reaches 64.5% in the Neurotropin group and 31.6% in the control group. The size of the infarct and edema area on CT scan is significantly reduced only in the Neurotropin group after treatment. The average range reduced is 28% on day 11 and 41.5% on day 21, and the average CT density in the Neurotropin group is more advanced than in the control group after onset. Conclusion: Neurotropin can be used as an effective therapy in acute ischemic stroke and ischemic cerebral edema.     

Angloplasty and stenting for severe vertebral artery orifice stenosis： effects on cerebellar function remodeling verified by blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging

Vertebral artery orifice stenting may improve blood supply of the posterior circulation of the brain to regions such as the cerebellum and brainstem. However, previous studies have mainly focused on recovery of cerebral blood flow and perfusion in the posterior circulation after interventional therapy. This study examined the effects of functional recovery of local brain tissue on cerebellar function remodeling using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic reso- nance imaging before and after interventional therapy. A total of 40 Chinese patients with severe unilateral vertebral artery orifice stenosis were enrolled in this study. Patients were equally and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The control group received drug treat- ment only. The intervention group received vertebral artery orifice angioplasty and stenting ＋ identical drug treatment to the control group. At 13 days after treatment, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory score was compared between the intervention and control groups. Cerebellar function remodeling was observed between the two groups using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. The improvement in dizziness handicap and cerebellar function was more obvious in the intervention group than in the control group. Interventional therapy for severe vertebral artery orifice stenosis may effectively promote cerebellar function remodeling and exert neuroprotective effects.     

Changes in circulating inflammatory cells and the relationship to secondary brain injury in patients with craniocerebral injury★

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that reactive encephalitis plays an important role in secondary tissue damage after craniocerebral injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe changes in white blood cells (WBC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in peripheral blood, and to determine their role in secondary brain insult in patients with craniocerebral injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A case-control study at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital North Sichuan University of Medical Sciences between August 2007 and May 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three patients, admitted within 24 hours after craniocerebral injury and who received no surgery, were included in the study. The cohort consisted of 41 males and 22 females, aged 9–72 years, with an average age of 42 years. Ten healthy volunteers, selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, were designated as the control group. METHODS: WBC and PMN from the peripheral blood were measured 0, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after admission to hospital. The Glasgow coma scale, area of cerebral hemorrhage, and degree of brain edema were simultaneously determined. The Glasgow outcome scale was evaluated six months after injury. The relationship between changes in WBC and PMN were analyzed. Sixty-three patients were divided into 0, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours groups, with admission time to hospital as the determining factor. As controls, WBC and PMN of peripheral blood were also detected in 10 healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were WBC and PMN counts in the peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after admission to hospital, the mutual relationship between GCS, WBC and PMN, and changes in brain hemorrhage volume and edema size. RESULTS: WBC peaked at 24 hours after injury, and PMN peaked at 48 hours after injury (P < 0.01). These measures negatively correlated to the Glasgow coma scale (r = -0.657, -0.541, respectively, P < 0.05). In patients with Glasgow coma sale < 8, WBC and PMN were significantly higher than in the patients with GCS ≥ 8 (P < 0.05). Cerebral hemorrhage reached a peak at 24 hours after injury, and the degree of brain edema was maximal at 168 hours after injury. WBC and PMN counts were positively correlated to cerebral hemorrhage volume and brain edema size (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: WBC and PMN counts significantly increased after craniocerebral injury and exhibited a correlation with the GCS score, volume of hemorrhage and edema, and Glasgow outcome scale. Key Words: craniocerebral injury; inflammatory cells; secondary brain injury     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床观察及其对血清C反应蛋白的影响

Objective To observe the curative effects of Shuxuetong in treating patients with acute cerebral infarction and its effects on the level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with acute cerebral infarction who had the onset within 48 h were equally randomized into treatment group and control group.Six ml Shuxuetong and Troxerutin for intravenous drip daily were given to the treatment group and the control group,respectively,for a consecutive 14 d.The concentrations of serum CRP in the 2 groups were measured by immunonephelometry before treatment and on the 5th,10th and 14th d of treatment.The scores of neurological functional deficit scale were compared before treatment and on the 14th d of treatment in the 2 groups.Results The concentration of serum CRP in the treatment group on the 5th,10th and 14th d of treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The scores of neurological functional deficit scale in the treatment group (14.57±7.88) were significantly lower than those in the control group (19.08±8.11) (P<0.05).The clinical efficacy between the 2 groups was obviously different (P<0.05).Conclusion Shuxuetoug can decrease the concentration of serum CRP and improve the nervous function in patients with acute cerebral infarction.     

Neurovascular compression and decompression of the intracranial vagus for blood pressure

BACKGROUND: Previous researches demonstrated that neurovascular decompression could cure hypertension; however, whether it could effectively control refractory hypertension after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of neruovascular compression on intracranial vagus for blood pressure of dogs and investigate the effect of neurovascular decompression on blood pressure of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study, clinical effects and retrospective analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from May to October 2006. A total of 15 healthy adult dogs of both genders were randomly divided into experimental group (n =10) and control group (n =5). Clinical observation: A total of 41 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA and the Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from October 1999 to October 2006. Among them, one patient had brain stem hemorrhage. There were 27 males and 14 females aged from 41 to 66 years. Inclusion criteria: All patients were diagnosed with CT examination once or several times. Volume of hematoma ranged from 50 to 120 mL and had obviously operative indication. All patients provided consents. In addition, another 281 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who received traditionally internal and surgical therapies in our departments of neurosurgery, neurology and emergency room were selected in the control group. METHODS: ① Animal experiments: 20 cm autochthonous great saphenous vein was taken from dogs in the experimental group and coincided with tip of facial artery to form arterial loop so as to oppress left vagus and lateral bulb abdomen. In addition, 20 cm autochthonous great saphenous vein was taken from dogs in the control group and coincided with tip of facial artery to establish arterial loop so as to oppress left cerebellum to observe changes of blood pressure before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after operation. ② Clinical observation: Among 41 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage including one with brain stem hemorrhage, they received microvascular decompression of vagus immediately after getting rid of intracerebral hematoma and stopping bleeding to observe its effect of depressurization. All patients and their relatives provided consents. ③ A total of 281 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who discharged after the treatment of traditionally internal and surgical therapies were studied retrospectively to observe changes of blood pressure after routine treatment and compare the results with neurovascular decompression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of blood pressure of experimental dogs; ② effect of vascular decompression of vagus for blood pressure of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after clearing intracerebral hematoma; ③ different effects of neurovascular decompression and routinely internal and surgical therapies on hypertension. RESULTS: ① Results of animal experiments: Nine dogs in the experimental group survived. At 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after operation, blood pressure of dogs in the experimental group was (139.77±4.06), (149.11±4.90), (148.10±4.16), (147.76±4.15) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), which was higher than that of dogs in the control group [(117.20±2.74), (116.65±3.74), (116.26±1.8), (115.81±3.76) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. ② Results of clinical observation: Among 41 patients, 8 (20%) cases died during the operation. In addition, among other 33 (80%) survival patients, 11 (33%) cases had normal blood pressure; blood pressure of 14 (43%) cases was improved or closed to normal value; blood pressure of 8 (24%) cases was not changed obviously as compared with that before operation. ③ The results demonstrated that, by using traditionally internal and surgical therapies, among 281 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, blood pressure of about 15% cases was recovered or closed to normal value. Those mentioned above did not have history of hypertension before hemorrhage. However, patients who had history of hypertension before hemorrhage received the traditionally internal or surgical therapies, and the blood pressure was not improved to the normal value after the treatment. CONCLUSION: ① Neurovascular compression in left intracranial vagus can cause obvious increase of blood pressure of dogs, and the increasing volume was 30 mm Hg. ② Vascular decompression of vagus has a great effect on refractory hypertension, and the improvement of blood pressure is superior to traditionally internal and surgical therapies in clinic.     

Evaluation of modified hemodilution combined therapy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the elderly

BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis therapy is not suitable for the elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who delayed to be diagnosed for more than 3 hours, but traditional medicine is also not very ideal.OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of modified hemodilution combined therapy applied in elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis and analyze the mechanism of this therapeutic method.DESIGN: 1:1 paired grouping according to gender and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University.PARTICIPANTS Totally 90 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who received the treatment in the Cadre Ward and Mental Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from March 1996 to June 2004 were recruited. They all met the diagnosis criteria revised by the Fourth Academic Conference of National Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and were diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke by skull CT. They were informed of therapeutic plan and detected items.According to 1:1 paired principle in gender, 90 enrolled patients were assigned into treated group (n=45)and control group (n=45). There were 39 male and 6 female in the treatment group, and they were aged (76±6)years, ranging from 71 to 84 years, and hospitalized at the 14th to 76th hours after onset. There were 39 male and 6 female in the control group, and they were aged (76±6)years , ranging from 70 to 82years, and hospitalized at the 16th to 72th hours after onset.METHODS: Therapeutic method: Patients of treated group received modified hemodilution combined therapy.200 mL whole blood of patients was exchanged with 500 mL dextran-40 (including 20 mL danshen parenteral solution and 32 mg heparin) at the beginning of therapy; From the 2nd day, compound huangqi tea bag (Huangqi mainly, including danshen, honghua, chuanxiong, shishao and a little acetyl salicylic acid) was made, twice a day, 1 bag once. At the same time, the above-mentioned dextran-40 liquid of 500 mL was intravenously injected, once a day, 14 days in total; On the 6th day after therapy, the above-mentioned aseptic autoblood stored in refrigerator at 4 ℃ was transfused back into the patients following pre-treatment of high-concentration oxygenation and ultraviolet irradiation by light quantum instrument. Patients of control group were intravenously injected of 0.4 g venoruton(Traditional Chinese medicine compound parenteral solution for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ) and 50 g/L glucose of 500 mL, 75 mg coagulation index, change of platelet aggregation rate and change of hemorrheology of patients in two groups were monitored before and after therapy. The level of blood lipid of patients in two groups was measured with American Beckman automatic biochemistry analyzer. Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of resting electrocardiogram were measured with American HP SONOS 2500 sonoscope. Neuro-dysfunction score revised in the national conference (1995) was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological function effect were observed at the same time.effect of drug.RESULTS: Totally 90 patients were enrolled in the experiment. One patient from treated group died of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma of complicated diabetes mellitus. One patient from control group died ulation index and platelet aggregation rate: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of patients after therapy were significantly longer than those before therapy in the treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (18.4±1.9),(41.8±2.1), (19.7±1.7)s, Before therapy in treated group: (13.4±1.3), (35.8±1.3), (12.5±0.9)s, After therapy in control group: (16.9±1.5), (39.1±1.1), (11.9±2.1) s, P ＜ 0.05] ;Concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg) after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy in the treated group and that after therapy in control group[After therapy in treated group: (3.4±0.4) g/L; Before therapy in treated group: (4.3±0.7) g/L;After therapy in control group:(4.0±0.6) g/L; P ＜ 0.05]. Platelet aggregation rate decreased from (37.92of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol(TG) and Iow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients after therapy were significantly lower than those before therapy in treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (5.2±0.9), (1.9±0.9), (2.08±1.1) mmol/L, before therapy in treated group:(5.9±1.2), (2.8±0.9), (3.94±0.5) mmol/L, After therapy in control group: (6.0±1.1), (2.6±0.8), (3.84±0.9) mmol/L,after therapy than before therapy [Before therapy: (43.84±4.55)% ;After therapy: (40.48±4.02)% ;P ＜ 0.05].cantly lower than of control group 14 days after therapy. The total effective rate after therapy was signifiadverse effect.CONCLUSION: Modified hemodilution combined therapy can improve hemorheology, decrease hematocrit,increase blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery, so as to improve the impaired clinical neurological function of elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis through anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregative activity as well as regulating blood lipid.BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis therapy is not suitable for the elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who delayed to be diagnosed for more than 3 hours, but traditional medicine is also not very ideal.OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of modified hemodilution combined therapy applied in elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis and analyze the mechanism of this therapeutic method.DESIGN: 1:1 paired grouping according to gender and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 90 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who received the treatment in the Cadre Ward and Mental Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from March 1996 to June 2004 were recruited. They all met the diagnosis criteria revised by the Fourth Academic Conference of National Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and were diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke by skull CT. They were informed of therapeutic plan and detected items.According to 1:1 paired principle in gender, 90 enrolled patients were assigned into treated group (n=45)and control group (n=45). There were 39 male and 6 female in the treatment group, and they were aged (76±6)years, ranging from 71 to 84 years, and hospitalized at the 14th to 76th hours after onset. There were 39 male and 6 female in the control group, and they were aged (76±6)years , ranging from 70 to 82years, and hospitalized at the 16th to 72th hours after onset.METHODS: Therapeutic method: Patients of treated group received modified hemodilution combined therapy.200 mL whole blood of patients was exchanged with 500 mL dextran-40 (including 20 mL danshen parenteral solution and 32 mg heparin) at the beginning of therapy; From the 2nd day, compound huangqi tea bag (Huangqi mainly, including danshen, honghua, chuanxiong, shishao and a little acetyl salicylic acid) was made, twice a day, 1 bag once. At the same time, the above-mentioned dextran-40 liquid of 500 mL was intravenously injected, once a day, 14 days in total; On the 6th day after therapy, the above-mentioned aseptic autoblood stored in refrigerator at 4 ℃ was transfused back into the patients following pre-treatment of high-concentration oxygenation and ultraviolet irradiation by light quantum instrument. Patients of control group were intravenously injected of 0.4 g venoruton(Traditional Chinese medicine compound parenteral solution for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ) and 50 g/L glucose of 500 mL, 75 mg acetosal was taken orally, once a day, 14 days in total. ② Measurement and observation of index: Blood coagulation index, change of platelet aggregation rate and change of hemorrheology of patients in two groups were monitored before and after therapy. The level of blood lipid of patients in two groups was measured with American Beckman automatic biochemistry analyzer. Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of resting electrocardiogram were measured with American HP SONOS 2500 sonoscope. Neuro-dysfunction score revised in the national conference (1995) was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological function of the patients in two groups at the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days after therapy. ③Therapeutic effect and adverse effect were observed at the same time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of coagulation index, blood lipid level and hemorheology; ② Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery and NDS of patients with acute ischemic stroke in two groups; ③Adverse effect of drug.RESULTS: Totally 90 patients were enrolled in the experiment. One patient from treated group died of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma of complicated diabetes mellitus. One patient from control group died of severe pulmonary infection. The rest 88 patients entered the stage of result analysis. ① Change of coagulation index and platelet aggregation rate: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of patients after therapy were significantly longer than those before therapy in the treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (18.4±1.9),(41.8±2.1), (19.7±1.7)s, Before therapy in treated group: (13.4±1.3), (35.8±1.3), (12.5±0.9)s, After therapy in control group: (16.9±1.5), (39.1±1.1), (11.9±2.1) s, P ＜ 0.05] ;Concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg) after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy in the treated group and that after therapy in control group[After therapy in treated group: (3.4±0.4) g/L; Before therapy in treated group: (4.3±0.7) g/L;After therapy in control group:(4.0±0.6) g/L; P ＜ 0.05]. Platelet aggregation rate decreased from (37.92±0.85)% before therapy to (26.42±1.01)% after therapy (P ＜ 0.01). ②Change of blood lipid level: Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol(TG) and Iow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients after therapy were significantly lower than those before therapy in treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (5.2±0.9), (1.9±0.9), (2.08±1.1) mmol/L, before therapy in treated group:(5.9±1.2), (2.8±0.9), (3.94±0.5) mmol/L, After therapy in control group: (6.0±1.1), (2.6±0.8), (3.84±0.9) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05]. ③ Change of hemorheology index: Hematocrit of patients of treated group was significantly lower after therapy than before therapy [Before therapy: (43.84±4.55)% ;After therapy: (40.48±4.02)% ;P ＜ 0.05].④ Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of patients of treated group was significantly lower before therapy than after therapy [(90±1.2), (97±2.1) cm/s,P ＜ 0.01]. ⑤ NDS of patients in treated group was significantly lower than of control group 14 days after therapy. The total effective rate after therapy was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group (93%,78%, P ＜ 0.05). ⑥There was no obvious adverse effect.CONCLUSION: Modified hemodilution combined therapy can improve hemorheology, decrease hematocrit,increase blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery, so as to improve the impaired clinical neurological function of elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis through anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregative activity as well as regulating blood lipid.     

超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

马来酸桂哌齐特对脑出血血肿体积和周围水肿带的影响

目的探讨马来酸桂哌齐特对高血压性脑出血血肿、水肿吸收及神经功能恢复的影响。方法90例高血压性脑出血患者,随机分为2组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组加用马来酸桂哌齐特(160mg/d)静滴。入组前、治疗7、21d测定神经功能评分、血肿和水肿体积。结果治疗7d,治疗组血肿体积、水肿体积及CSS评分明显小于对照组(P<0.05);治疗21d,治疗组无论血肿体积、水肿体积还是CSS评分均较对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。治疗21d神经功能评分与血肿体积相关性较高(P<0.01),与水肿体积无相关性(P>0.05)。结论马来酸桂哌齐特有利于高血压性脑出血水肿和血肿的吸收,改善脑出血的预后。     

超早期强化降压治疗对基底节区脑出血患者的影响

目的分析超早期强化降压治疗对基底节区脑出血患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)及神经功能的影响。方法选取2015-07-2016-08信阳市第一人民医院收治的脑出血患者90例为研究对象,随机分为2组各45例。对照组给予常规降压治疗,观察组给予强化降压治疗,对比2组治疗前后NIHSS评分、血浆MMP-9水平、水肿量及血肿量。结果2组治疗前NIHSS评分、血浆MMP-9水平、水肿量及血肿量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后14d,观察组NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后5d,观察组血浆MMP-9水平及水肿量均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后24h,观察组血肿量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超早期强化降压治疗可有效降低血浆MMP-9水平,减轻神经功能缺损,同时减少血肿量及水肿量,对提高患者预后的生活质量具有重要作用。     

祛瘀开窍法治疗高血压脑出血术后脑水肿的临床疗效

目的探讨祛瘀开窍法治疗高血压脑出血术后脑水肿的临床疗效。方法选取我院2014-03-2014-09收治的高血压脑出血病人48例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采取祛瘀开窍法联合西医综合治疗,对照组单用西医综合治疗,比较2组患者的术后脑水肿程度、格拉斯哥(GCS)评分、神经功能缺损评分及临床疗效。结果 2组术后24h、第3天脑水肿程度和GSC评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后第7天、第14天组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后24h、第14天神经功能缺损评分和疗效组间比较,实验组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论祛瘀开窍法治疗高血压脑出血术后的患者,可缓解脑水肿的程度,改善血流状态,提高患者临床疗效,值得推广。     

微创联合依达拉奉对高血压脑出血患者MMP-9的影响及疗效观察

目的观察微创联合依达拉奉对高血压脑出血患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2011-01—2013-12收治的80例脑出血患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用依达拉奉治疗,持续用药2周,检测2组血清MMP-9水平,并记录NIHSS评分和BI指数。结果血清MMP-9含量治疗前差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,治疗后差异有统计学意义（t=11.2636,P〈0.01）;治疗前2组MESSS和BI差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）,治疗后2组中MESSS和BI含量差异有统计学意义（t=3.1762、3.9890,P均〈0.01）。结论微创联合依达拉奉对高血压脑出血患者血清MMP-9主要表现为抑制作用,并能有效减轻患者脑出血后的炎症反应,保护脑细胞,值得临床推广。     

早期强化降压对高血压脑出血患者颅内血肿及周围水肿的影响

目的探讨高血压脑出血患者采用早期强化降压治疗的效果,并观察其颅内血肿、周围血肿变化情况。方法纳入成都航天医院收治的高血压脑出血患者113例,按照治疗方式不同分为常规组(55例)、治疗组(58例)。2组均给予常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上实施早期强化降压治疗,比较2组治疗效果、颅内血肿/水肿扩大率以及生活质量评分。结果治疗组有效率为94.83%,高于常规组的76.36%,2组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组血肿/水肿扩大率5.17%,较常规组的18.18%更低,且生活质量评分高于常规组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床对高血压脑出血患者进行早期强化降压治疗,能降低血肿/水肿扩大风险,间接提高生活质量,值得临床推广。     

米屈肼注射液治疗急性脑梗死有效性和安全性的多中心Ⅱ期临床研究

目的 观察米屈肼注射液治疗急性脑梗死的有效性和安全性.方法 227例急性脑梗死患者采用米屈肼注射液进行随机、双盲、双模拟、平行对照的多中心临床研究.试验组113例、对照组114例,试验组给予屈肼注射液,对照组给予马来酸桂哌齐特注射液.基础用药给予拜阿司匹林.评价2周后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS评分)和Barthel指数的变化、实验室检查和安全性评级等.结果 试验组和对照组的主要疗效评价指标NIHSS评分、Barthel指数差别均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组不良反应发生率相当(P＞0.05).结论 米屈肼注射液治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效肯定,而且安全性好.     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性

目的研究重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉给药溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法回顾性分析发病在4.5h内,具有溶栓指征的急性脑梗死患者105例,其中对照组56例仅给予抗血小板聚集、调脂稳定斑块等常规治疗方案,观察组49例给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,24h后若无明显出血,开始给予脑梗死常规治疗。比较2组治疗后90d美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、Barthel指数(BI)评分及改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分改善情况,以评价rt-PA治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效。结果 2组治疗前NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组溶栓后2h、24h、7d时NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组90d时mRS评分显示预后良好的患者较对照组明显增多,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组90d时Barthel指数评分明显升高(P0.05)。虽然观察组总体出血事件较对照组增高(P0.05);但2组症状性脑出血比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论发病4.5h以内,静脉给予rt-PA溶栓治疗急性脑梗死具有显著的临床疗效,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

Changes in circulating inflammatory cells and the relationship to secondary brain injury in patients with craniocerebral injury★

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have indicated that reactive encephalitis plays an important role in secondary tissue damage after craniocerebral injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe changes in white blood cells (WBC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in peripheral blood, and to determine their role in secondary brain insult in patients with craniocerebral injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A case-control study at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital North Sichuan University of Medical Sciences...     

马来酸桂哌齐特治疗急性脑梗死的疗效分析

目的 探讨马来酸桂哌齐特在辅助治疗急性脑梗死中的应用价值.方法 选择我院2011-03-2013-03收治的急性脑梗死患者80例,按不同治疗方式随机均分为对照组（常规治疗辅以血栓通）和实验组（常规治疗辅以马来酸桂哌齐特）,对2组患者的治疗效果进行比较.结果 实验组总有效率82.5%,明显高于对照组的55.0%（P＜0.05）;实验组治疗14 d后神经功能缺损评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;2组患者经治疗14 d后的血浆纤维蛋白原水平比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 马来酸桂哌齐特治疗急性脑梗死效果显著,能明显改善患者神经功能,值得临床推广应用.     

克林澳注射液对大鼠脑缺血后神经细胞凋亡及磷酸化Akt蛋白表达的影响

目的动态观察SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌后神经细胞凋亡的变化及磷酸化Akt蛋白的表达并探讨克林澳注射液（简称克林澳）对其保护作用。方法用线栓法制备局灶性大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,以尼氏染色观察大鼠脑缺血再灌后皮质存活神经元,末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记（TUNEL）方法检测神经细胞凋亡,免疫组化（SABC）方法检测磷酸化Akt蛋白表达。结果克林澳组再灌12h后各时间点半暗带区神经元较模型组多（P〈0.01）,TUNEL阳性细胞数显著减少（P〈0.01）,磷酸化Akt阳性细胞数明显增加（P〈0.01）。结论减少神经元凋亡,上调磷酸化Akt蛋白表达可能是克林澳保护脑缺血损伤的机制之一。