血清营养学指标预测住院急性肾损伤患者早期死亡

目的 评价血清营养学指标对住院期间发生急性肾损伤（AKI）的患者的预后,特别是早期死亡和晚期死亡的预测价值。 方法 采用前瞻性队列研究。入选华山医院住院期间发生AKI的成人患者194例。AKI诊断标准为RIFLE分期中的Scr标准,除外肾后梗阻、原发性肾小球肾炎、间质性肾炎及血管炎引起的AKI。收集患者临床资料及实验室检测指标,用人体测量、血清营养指标及主观全面评价法（SGA）来评估患者的营养状况。根据存活时间是否超过28 d,将入选患者分为存活组129例（存活>28 d）与死亡组59例（存活≤28 d）。进一步将死亡组分为早期死亡组（存活≤7 d）和晚期死亡组（存活8~28 d）两个亚组。观察各项营养指标对AKI患者预后的预测价值。 结果 人体测量、血清营养指标及SGA结果显示,高比例的AKI患者存在营养不良。单因素分析显示,SGA、血清前白蛋白及胆固醇、外周血总淋巴细胞计数（TLC）、Maastricht指数（MI）在早期死亡组、晚期死亡组和存活组间差异有统计学意义。早期死亡组前白蛋白及胆固醇显著低于存活组和晚期死亡组（P < 0.05）。多因素分析显示,在校正了年龄、性别、透析、机械通气、血红蛋白、血小板、血清胆红素和Glasgow昏迷评分（GCS）后,SGA及血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、胆固醇仍与早期死亡相关。以白蛋白、前白蛋白、胆固醇预测早期死亡的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.591、0.736和0.603,前白蛋白的AUC显著大于白蛋白及胆固醇（均P < 0.05）。 结论 低水平前白蛋白、白蛋白和胆固醇可独立预测住院期间发生AKI患者的早期死亡。     

预后营养指数和患者主观整体评估对食管癌患者围手术期营养预测的比较研究

目的探讨预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)和患者主观整体评估(patientgenerated subjective global assessment,PG-SGA)对食管癌患者围术期营养状况的预测价值及一致性。方法回顾性分析我院2017年11月至2018年8月224例接受食管癌根治手术患者的临床资料,其中男186例、女38例,平均年龄(63.08±8.42)岁。根据患者入院首次血常规及生化检验结果计算PNI并进行PG-SGA评估。根据PNI值将患者分为营养良好组(PNI≥45,60例)和营养不良组(PNI<45,164例),根据PG-SGA评分将患者分为营养良好组(PG-SGA<4,75例)和营养不良组(PG-SGA≥4,149例),分别比较两组患者围手术期营养相关血液学指标及体重指数(BMI)的纵向变化,并分析PNI与PG-SGA对营养评估的一致性。结果不同PNI分组患者的营养相关血液学指标在围手术期的纵向变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同PG-SGA分组患者的前白蛋白在围手术期纵向变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同PG-SGA分组患者的BMI在围手术期纵向变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两者一致性Kappa系数为0.589(P<0.001)。结论 PNI和PG-SGA均能一定程度上预测食管癌患者围术期的营养风险,PNI为客观监测指标,PG-SGA为主观评价指标,两者联合使用对食管癌患者进行营养评估能更全面地反映和预测患者的营养状况,为制定个体化营养支持方案提供重要参考依据。     

118例儿童急性肾损伤预后因素的临床分析

目的 探讨影响儿童急性肾损伤（AKI）预后的危险因素。 方法 回顾性分析118例AKI患儿的一般资料、病因、临床特点、实验室检查、肾组织病理及治疗情况,分析其与预后的关系。 结果 纳入本研究的118例AKI患儿中,男83例,女35例,中位年龄为7.5岁,其中＜3.0岁组33例,占28.0%;3.0～7.0岁组21例,占17.8%;＞7.0岁组64例,占54.2%。118例患儿的AKI分期为1期62例,占52.5%;2期38例,占32.2%;3期18例,占15.3%。AKI患儿的常见病因主要有感染性和免疫性疾病（39.8%）、肾血管病（27.1%）和循环障碍（11.9%）。总住院病死率为21.2%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析提示机械通气、败血症或感染性休克、严重酸中毒和WBC＞20.0×109/L是AKI患儿死亡的独立危险因素,OR值分别为51.75、14.76、11.38和8.51（均P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 儿童AKI的主要病因是感染性和免疫性疾病、肾血管病和循环障碍。机械通气、败血症或感染性休克、严重酸中毒和WBC＞20.0×109/L是AKI患儿死亡的独立危险因素。     

445例急性肾损伤病因与预后分析

目的探讨急性肾损伤的病因以及影响预后的危险因素。方法回顾性分析本院2013年9月至2018年9月收治的445例急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的病因、临床特征、治疗方案等,分析其与预后的关系。结果445例患者中,男性261例,女性184例,年龄(54.66±18.21)岁;肾性因素为主,共有253例(56.85%),肾毒性药物导致的急性肾损伤有119例(26.74%);肾前性因素共有123例(27.64%),感染尤其是急性胃肠炎占比比较大;肾后性44例(9.89%),病因多为泌尿系结石及肿瘤晚期压迫,另有产源性16例(3.60%),不明原因9例(2.02%)。病因在各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有序logistic回归分析,年龄、衰竭器官个数、休克、机械通气是影响预后的独立危险因素。结论药源性及肾前性急性肾损伤需要引起更多的关注;年龄、衰竭器官个数、休克、机械通气是急性肾损伤预后的危险因素。对于此类患者,早期诊断,早期干预,有助于改善预后。     

肝移植术后急性肾损伤的发生情况及其与预后的关系

Objective To investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury ( AKI) post-orthotopic liver transplant ( OLT ) and its association with prognosis. Methods Data of 28 patients received single OLT in our hospital from 2004 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of AKI was investigated by new acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria. The follow-up was over one year. The prognosis of AKI patients at day 28 and 1 year was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The association between AKI and prognosis was examined. Results A total of 193 patients were enrolled. The average age was (48.07±10.02) years old. The ratio of male to female was 4:1. One hundred and sixteen (60.1%) patients of post-OLT AKI were found, whose AKI stage 1, 2 and 3 were 50.0%, 21.6% and 28.4% respectively. Ten (8.6%) patients required renal replacement therapy (RRT) after OLT. In AKI post-OLT patients, day 28 and 1 year mortality were significantly higher than those in non-AKI patients (15.5% vs 0, 25.9% vs 3.9%, respectively, both P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the 1-year survival rates of AKI stage 1, 2, 3 post-OLT and non-AKI were 84.0%, 81.0%, 42.4% and 90.9%, respectively. The 1-year survival rate of non-AKI was significantly higher than that of AKI stage 1, 2, 3. The 1-year survival rate of AKI stage 3 was significantly lower than that of stage 1 and 2. There was no significant difference between AKI stage 1 and 2. Scr at 1 year post-OLT was significantly higher than that of baseline [（88.35±37.15） vs (73.70±33.88) ?滋mol/L, P<0.05）. The change of Scr value at 1 year compared to baseline in AKI patients was similar to non-AKI patients. However such change in AKI stage 2 and 3 was higher than that in stage 1. Conclusions The incidence of AKI post-OLT is quite high and associated to the poor prognosis in short and long periods. Renal function may decrease gradually which is associated to the AKI stage post-OLTI.     

综合性营养评估法在血液透析患者中的应用

我们采用反映营养状况的新方法———综合性营养评估法(GNA),探讨血透患者的营养状况。对象与方法1.对象:我院维持性血液透析患者57例,透析6个月以上,排除感染及其它活动性疾病。男36例,女21例,年龄(56.1±16.6)岁,透析时间(26.8±27.1)个月。2.方法:(1)实验室指标:包括Alb、前白蛋白(PA)、胆固醇(Ch)、BUN、Scr、转铁蛋白(TRF)、蛋白分解率(nPCR)、蛋白日摄入量(DPI)。(2)主观综合评估法(SGA)评定:根据近期体重变化、消化道症状、皮下脂肪厚度、肌肉消耗程度和水肿情况进行评分。(3)GNA评分:在SGA评分基础上加入实验室指标,依…     

AKIN标准联合APACHEⅡ和SOFA评分对心脏术后急性肾损伤的预后评估

目的 探讨急性肾损伤网络（AKIN）制定的急性肾损伤（AKI）诊断标准联合急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）和序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分对心脏术后AKI的预后评估价值。 方法 前瞻性收集2009年4月至8月期间在本院行心脏手术患者的临床资料,采用AKIN标准对心脏术后患者进行AKI诊断和分期;根据患者术后第1个24 h内的生理指标最差值进行APACHEⅡ和SOFA评分,并用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评价3项评估系统的分辨力和校准力。以Logistic多元回归分析它们对预后的影响。 结果 993例患者中309例术后出现AKI,发病率为31.1%。患者AKI诊断日和首次达AKIN 最高分期日距手术的中位间隔时间分别为1 d和2 d。AKIN 1、2、3期患者的APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分均高于非AKI患者（P < 0.01）,且分值与AKIN分期呈正相关（APACHEⅡ r = 0.37,P < 0.01;SOFA r = 0.42,P < 0.01）。病死率亦随AKIN分期升高而升高。非AKI组、AKIN 1期患者根据APACHEⅡ分值计算所得的校正预计病死率（PDR-A）明显高于实际病死率（P < 0.01）,而AKIN 3期PDR-A则低于实际病死率（P < 0.01）。APACHE Ⅱ、SOFA评分及AKIN分期的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）均>0.8,且Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验提示模型拟合较好。Logistic多元回归分析显示APACHEⅡ≥19（OR = 4.26）和AKIN 3期（OR = 76.15）是心脏术后患者院内死亡的独立预测指标。 结论 AKIN标准能在心脏术后早期对患者进行AKI诊断和分期,且在一定程度上发挥预后评估的作用。APACHEⅡ和SOFA在术后第1个24 h内的评分能较好区分病情的严重程度。3者作为预测模型均显示了对于整体预后较好的分辨力和校准力,且APACHEⅡ≥19和AKIN 3期是心脏术后患者院内死亡的独立预测指标。需注意APACHEⅡ计算所得的PDR-A与AKIN不同分期组实际病死率相比存在偏差,动态评分可能有助于提高预测准确性。     

住院患者急性肾损伤的发病及预后相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨住院患者急性肾损伤（AKI）的发病及预后情况,寻找与预后相关的危险因素,为临床更好地认识和预防AKI,改善预后提供依据。 方法 应用医院实验室网络系统筛选2009年1月至12月上海市一家三级甲等综合性医院所有住院患者,应用急性肾损伤网（AKIN）推荐的AKI定义选择病史完整的AKI患者组成研究队列,回顾性分析AKI住院患者的发病率、病因及分布特点、患者及肾脏预后情况。Logistic回归分析影响住院AKI患者预后和肾脏预后的危险因素。 结果 符合入选标准的住院AKI患者共934例,住院患者的AKI发病率为2.41%（934/38 734）。患者男女比例为1.88∶1,平均年龄（60.82±16.94）岁,AKI发病率随着年龄的增加逐渐增高,其中63.4%为外科患者,35.4%为内科患者,1.2%为妇产科患者。病因中肾前性AKI占51.7%,急性肾小管坏死（ATN）占37.7%,急性肾小球和肾小血管病变（AGV）占3.8%,急性小管间质性肾炎（AIN）占3.5%,肾后性AKI占3.3%。患者AKI后28 d存活率为71.8%。AKI后28 d时有65.7%的患者肾功能完全恢复,16.9%的患者部分恢复,17.4%的患者未恢复。AKIⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期患者的病死率分别为24.8%、31.2%和43.7%。多因素Logistic逐步回归模型结果提示,肾损伤药物史（OR = 2.313）、前1周低血压史（OR = 4.482）、少尿史（OR = 5.267）、肾外脏器衰竭数（OR = 1.376）和行肾脏替代治疗（RRT）（OR = 4.221）是住院AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素;肾外脏器衰竭数（OR = 1.529）和行RRT（OR = 2.117）是住院AKI患者肾脏丢失的独立危险因素。 结论 AKI在住院患者中常见,病死率较高,AKI后可以造成患者的肾脏丢失。预后与肾损害的严重程度密切相关。肾损伤药物史、1周内低血压史、少尿史、肾外脏器衰竭数和需要行RRT是AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素。肾外脏器衰竭数和需要行RRT是肾脏丢失的独立危险因素。     

AKI网络定义的急性肾损伤在心脏手术后患者中的发生情况及其危险因素和预后分析

目的 了解心脏手术后急性肾损伤（AKI）的发生情况,危险因素及预后。 方法 回顾性分析2004年1月1日至2007年6月30日期间所有在本院行心脏手术的住院患者的临床资料。采用AKI 网络（AKI Network, AKIN）推荐的AKI定义评估心脏手术后AKI的患病率及住院病死率,对术前、术中、术后与AKI发生可能相关的危险因素进行分析。 结果 总共1056例患者中,术后发生AKI者328例,患病率为31.06%。AKI患者的住院病死率显著高于非AKI患者（11.59% 比 0.69%,P < 0.01）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,高龄（每增加10岁,发生AKI的风险上升1.40倍）、术前高尿酸血症（OR = 1.97）、术前左心功能不全（OR = 2.53）、冠脉旁路移植术（CABG）联合瓣膜手术（OR = 2.79）、手术时间延长（每增加1 h,发生AKI的风险上升1.43倍）、术后循环血容量不足（OR = 11.08）是心脏手术后AKI发生的独立危险因素。 结论 AKI是心脏手术后常见的并发症,AKI患者预后较差。高龄、术前高尿酸血症、术前左心功能不全、CABG联合瓣膜手术、手术时间延长、术后循环血容量不足是心脏手术后AKI发生的独立危险因素。     

急性肾损伤是影响心脏手术后患者长期生存的危险因素

目的 了解心脏术后急性肾损害（AKI）患者的长期预后情况及探讨有关危险因素。 方法 选择2004年1月1日至2007年6月30日本院所有行心脏手术,且存活出院的患者,门诊或电话随访患者的生存情况至2010年2月28日。回顾性收集患者术前、术中、术后的临床及实验室资料,观察患者术后长期生存率及肾功能情况。应用Cox回归方程分析与患者长期生存相关的危险因素。 结果 共941例心脏手术患者,术后发生过AKI患者275例（29.2%）,非AKI患者666例（70.8%）。在总共46.5个月（34.5,59.2）的随访过程中,术后发生过AKI的患者生存率显著低于非AKI患者（67.8%比85.6%,P < 0.01）,且随着AKI严重程度的增加,生存率逐渐下降（AKIN 1、2和3期患者的生存率分别为70.7%、62.3%和58.6%, P < 0.01）。AKI组中90.5%的患者出院时肾功能完全恢复至基线水平,但随访期间生存率仍显著低于非AKI组患者（69.6%比85.6%,P < 0.01）。Cox回归分析显示年龄增加（年龄每增加20 岁,HR=2.238）、术前贫血（HR=1.625）、手术时间延长（每增加1 h,HR=1.153）、AKI的发生及分期增加（每增加1期,HR=1.473）是患者长期预后不良的独立危险因素。随访结束时,AKI组患者的Scr显著高于非AKI组（107.6 μmol/L比83.0 μmol/L,P = 0.014）;AKI组中34.0%患者进入了CKD 3~5期。出院后5年34.8%的AKI患者发生Scr翻倍。 结论 心脏手术后AKI是影响患者长期生存的独立危险因素,即使AKI后Scr值恢复到基线水平,长期的患者预后和肾脏预后仍然较差。     

住院患者急性肾损伤的发病情况调查

目的 了解我国综合性医院住院患者急性肾损伤（AKI）的发病率、病因构成、预后，以及肾功能受损对住院费用和住院时间的影响。 方法 通过调查2004年9月1日至2005年8月31日复旦大学附属中山医院住院患者的肾功能检测结果，筛检出AKI患者，进行病史复习，总结分析患者的临床特征及其转归、肾功能受损的性质、导致肾功能不全的基础疾病等。 结果 观察期间共有住院患者37 365例次，其中1263例患者住院期间发生AKI，发病率为3.38%。观察期间住院患者总病死率为1.52%，其中AKI患者病死率为18.57%，经校正后AKI对患者住院病死率的OR值为10.08（P < 0.01）。Logistic回归分析提示高龄、Scr上升的百分比是AKI患者死亡的危险因素。 结论 住院患者AKI的发病较常见。患者Scr上升26.5 μmol/L即可增加死亡的风险，增加住院费用，延长住院天数。患者的预后同肾脏受损的程度相关，其病死率随Scr上升百分数的增加而增加     

Effect of acute kidney injury on short-and long-term mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To evaluate the role of acute kidney injury (AKI) in predicting the early (30-day) and late (30-day to 5-year) mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients during hospitalization. Methods A total of 1371 adult patients diagnosed with AMI in the First People's Hospital of Changzhou from January 2008 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively with collecting their relevant clinical data from the hospital's database. AKI was categorized according to the 2012 KDIGO AKI criteria. To compare between death group and non-death group in AMI patients during 30-day and 30-day to 5-year. Different AKI stages of patients were compared, and their all-cause mortality were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. Using multivariate COX regression analysis with two models to assess the factors for AMI patients in 30-day to 5-year. Results The prevalence of AKI after AMI in death group was higher than that in non-death group (the 30-day prevalence was 72.7% vs 27.4%, P＜0.001; the 5-year prevalence was 36.3% vs 26.2%, P=0.013). In both early (30-day) and late (30-day to 5-year) follow up, the KDIGO grading distribution of AKI was different between death group and non-death group (P＜0.001 in 30-day follow up and P=0.002 in 30-day to 5-year follow up). Among the 1371 AMI patients,410 (29.9%) developed AKI during the hospital stay. The 30-day and 30-day to 5-year mortality rates were 5.6% (77/1371) and 11.3% (146/1294) respectively. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were significantly higher in patients with AKI-Ⅰstage, AKI-Ⅱ stage and AKI-Ⅲ stage than those with non-AKI (all P＜0.001), especially in patients with AKI-Ⅲ stage. Further stroke history (HR=3.122, P=0.012), AKI severity (AKI-Ⅰstage HR=3.034, P=0.028; AKI-Ⅱ stage HR=7.832, P＜0.001; AKI -Ⅲ stage HR=9.919, P＜0.001), and β-blocker therapy (HR=0.591, P=0.040) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality, while aging (HR=1.061, P＜0.001), albumin (HR=0.943, P=0.023), AKI -Ⅲ stage (HR=3.944, P=0.007), β-blocker therapy (HR=0.660, P=0.041) and percutaneous coronary intervention (HR=0.256, P＜0.001) were independent predictors of 30-day to 5-year mortality. Both at early (30-day) and late (30-day to 5-year) follow-up, AKI with or without baseline renal dysfunction were independent predictors of death in patients with AMI (all P＜0.05). Conclusions AKI strongly correlated with short- and long-term all-cause mortality of AMI patients, regardless of the baseline renal impairment. Specifically, the more severe AKI, the higher short-term mortality AMI patients have.     

肝移植后早期并发急性肾损伤时尿液中肾损伤分子-1的变化及意义

目的 探讨肝移植后早期并发急性肾损伤(AKI)时尿液中肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)的变化及意义.方法 回顾性分析原位肝移植50例的资料,按照急性肾损伤协作组(AKIN)标准依据受者术后是否发生AKI将受者分为AKI组(27例)和非AKI组(23例),测定两组各设定时间点血清肌酐(SCr)、尿肌酐(UCr)和尿KIM-1的水平,分析尿KIM-1与AKI之间的关系,运用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评价依据尿KIM-1诊断AKI的准确性.结果 两组术后24 h时SCr达峰值,AKI组的SCr明显高于非AKI组(P＜0.05),随后均逐渐降至术前水平.门静脉开放后即刻两组的尿KIM-1水平均明显升高,AKI组于门静脉开放2h时尿KIM-1水平达峰值,明显高于非AKI组(P＜0.01),这种差异一直持续至门静脉开放后12 h.若以门静脉开放后2h的尿KIM-1水平14.19 ng/g UCr作为诊断AKI的临界点,其灵敏度为82.6％,特异性为88.9％.结论 尿KIM-1可作为诊断肝移植后AK1的有效指标;对于术前肾功能正常者,术中尿KIM-1的变化可能对早期预测AKI有帮助.     

Value of levels of biomarkers at the time of nephrologists consultation in predicting the prognosis of acute kidney injury patients

Objective To investigate the value of biomarker levels at the time of nephrologists consultation in predicting the prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. Methods A total of 103 hospitalized patients with AKI were enrolled at the time of nephrologists consultation. Blood and urine samples were collected when patients were diagnosed as AKI. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of urinary biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase?associated lipocalin (NGAL), IL?6 and IL?18. Colorimetric method was used to measure urinary N?acetyl?β?D?glucosaminidase (NAG). Turbidimetry and enzymic method were applied to examine the concentration of serum cystatin C (Cys C), baseline Scr (bScr), Scr at consultation (cScr) and the peak of Scr (pScr) respectively. Patients were followed?up to evaluate the prognosis at 28 days after consultation, including patient survival and kidney survival. The levels of biomarkers between different groups, including patient survival or death, kidney recovery or lose and renal replacement therapy (RRT) or not, were compared. Area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of these biomarkers were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity in predicting prognosis. AKI was defined as the Scr at the time of consultation increased more than 50% of baseline Scr within 48 hours. Results (1)Mean age of 103 hospitalized AKI patients was (54.28±19.05) years old and ratio of male to female was 1.86 to 1. (2)Patient mortality was 25.2% at 28 days after consultation. The bScr, cScr and pScr were similar between survival and death group, while the concentration of urinary NGAL in death group was significantly higher than that of survival group [147.00(31.59, 221.87) mg/L vs 22.43(6.48, 89.77) mg/L, P＝0.001]. The serum Cys C, urinary IL?6 and NAG were similar between survival and death group (P＞0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed urinary NGAL was an independent risk factor of patient survival (OR＝1.011, 95%CI 1.004?1.018, P＝0.001) with AUC of 0.723. (3)Kidney lose rate was 20.4% at 28 days after consultation. The bScr, cScr and pScr were similar between patients with kidney survival and lose. The levels of urinary NAG, IL?6, NGAL and IL?18 were significantly higher in patients with kidney lose than those of kidney survival. Logistic regression analysis showed urinary IL?6 was an independent risk factor of renal survival (OR＝1.056, 95%CI 1.009?1.105, P＝0.018) with AUC of 0.705. (4)The median time from consultation to RRT was 2.17 (0?3) days. The concentrations of cScr, pScr, serum Cys C, urinary IL?6 and NGAL were significantly higher in RRT patients than thosein non?RRT patients (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed urinary NGAL was an independent risk factor of RRT (OR＝1.012, 95%CI 1.005?1.019, P＜0.01) with AUC of 0.775. Conclusions Urinary NGAL can predict the prognosis of AKI patients, including patient prognosis and RRT. Urinary IL?6 may predict kidney prognosis in hospitalized patients with AKI. More study with large samples should be done for further estimation of the results.     

重组人红细胞生成素对脓毒症大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的 探讨重组人红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)对盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)所致大鼠脓毒症急性肾损伤(AKI)的保护作用.方法 260只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假CLP组(假手术组)、CLP组(脓毒症组)和rHuEPO大、中、小剂量组.采用CLP复制脓毒症模型,rHuEPO大、中、小剂量组造模后即刻分别静脉推注rHuEPO 5000 U/kg、1000 U/kg、500 U/kg.假CLP组、CLP组、rHuEPO大、中、小剂量组按注药后2h、6h、12 h、24 h、36 h时点分成5个亚组,分别在各时点按随机原则处死大鼠.采用ELISA法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的水平;免疫组化法检测大鼠肾组织NF-κB蛋白表达;光镜和透射电镜观察肾组织形态学变化.结果 与CLP组相比,rHuEPO大剂量组大鼠各时间点血清Scr、BUN、TNF-α、IL-6、KIM-1、iNOS的含量及肾组织NF-κB蛋白表达水平均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肾脏病理改变好转.rHuEPO中、小剂量组肾脏病理改变未见好转.结论 rHuEPO能够降低脓毒症大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS、KIM-1水平进而调节炎性反应及肾功能,对脓毒症所致AKI具有一定的保护作用.     

RIFLE标准在心脏术后急性肾损伤病人中的评价

目的 探讨RIFLE标准在心脏术后急性肾损伤(AKI)病人肾替代治疗时机选择中的作用及与预后的关系.方法 回顾分析145例心脏术后AKI病例,分为连续性静脉一静脉血液滤过(CVVH)组(98例)和非CVVH组(47例).应用RIFLE标准对AKI进行分期,对比分析各组病人的临床资料、疗效和预后.结果 AKI Ⅰ期和Ⅲ期中CVVH组与非CVVH组的医院病死率差异无统计学意义;Ⅱ期中非CVVH组的医院病死率高于CVVH组(58.8%对26.1%,P<0.0).CVVH组生存者中,CVVH治疗、尿量恢复、机械通气、ICU滞留和术后医院滞留时间随AKI分期的加重而延长.结论 RIFLE标准对心脏术后AKI早期诊断和判断预后有指导意义.必须强调肾脏替代时机的选择,在AKI Ⅱ期即行肾替代治疗可以明显改善预后,而CVVH比间断血液透析和腹膜透析更有优势.     

急性肾损伤供肾对肾移植受者预后影响分析

目的分析发生急性肾损伤(AKI)供肾对肾移植受者及移植肾预后的影响。 方法选取2015年1月至2021年9月武汉大学人民医院器官移植科71例供肾捐献前发生AKI供者(AKI 1、2和3期分别为31、16和18例)及78例非AKI供者,AKI组对应受者136例(AKI 1、2和3期供者对应受者分别为70、32和34例),非AKI组对应受者154例。采用成组t检验或单因素方差分析比较正态分布计量资料。计数资料采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法比较。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制受者/移植肾生存曲线并采用log-rank检验进行比较。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果AKI组供者入院时血清肌酐以及供肾获取时血清肌酐、尿素氮、血红蛋白和尿蛋白阳性比例分别为(91±51)μmol/L、(206±126)μmol/L、(17±16)mmol/L、(121±28)g/L、53.5%(38/71),非AKI组分别为(66±33)μmol/L、(53±24)μmol/L、(9±4)mmol/L、(108±22)g/L和21.8%(17/78),差异均有统计学意义(t＝－3.488、－10.096、－0.432和－3.066,χ²＝16.065,P均<0.05)。AKI 1期、AKI 2期和AKI 3期供者入院时血清肌酐以及供肾获取时血清肌酐和白蛋白差异均有统计学意义(F＝8.275、15.012和3.840,P均<0.05)。非AKI组对应受者术后1个月血清肌酐、术后移植肾功能延迟恢复发生及移植肾存活比例分别为(106±47)μmol/L、9.1%(14/154)和98.1%(151/158),AKI组对应受者分别为(126±82)μmol/L、25.0%(34/136)和86.8%(118/136),差异均有统计学意义(t＝－2.561,χ²＝13.234和9.445,P均<0.05)。AKI与非AKI组供者对应受者移植肾存活率差异有统计学意义(χ²＝9.445,P<0.05);AKI与非AKI组供者对应受者生存率差异无统计学意义(χ²＝3.107,P>0.05)。不同AKI分期供者对应受者移植肾及受者存活率差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝1.643和1.257,P均>0.05)。 结论高分期AKI供者供肾经过积极维护能达到与低分期AKI供者供肾相似的移植效果,高分期AKI供者供肾经专业评估筛选后可作为扩大供肾来源的途径。