血浆五聚素3水平在血液透析患者外周动脉疾病中的意义

目的 通过检测血液透析（血透）患者血浆五聚素3（PTX3）水平和踝臂指数（ABI）,探讨PTX3在血透患者外周动脉疾病（PAD）发生发展中的可能作用。 方法 选取接受规律性血透3个月以上患者。根据ABI将血透患者分为PAD组（ABI＜0.9）和非PAD组（ABI≥0.9）。收集血透患者临床资料、相关生化指标和炎性反应指标。选取体检健康人为对照组。用ELISA方法测定各组血浆PTX3水平。用Logistic回归方法分析PAD与PTX3及其它因素间的关系。 结果 本中心116例血透患者入选。PAD的发生率为18.1%（21/116）。血透患者血浆PTX3水平显著高于对照组[（2.90±1.03） μg/L比（1.70±0.85） μg/L,P ＜ 0.01];PAD组血浆PTX3水平显著高于非PAD组[（5.55±2.63） μg/L比（2.32±1.29） μg/L,P ＜ 0.01]。单变量分析显示ABI 与PTX3水平（r = -0.548,P ＜ 0.01）、超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）水平（r = -0.495,P ＜ 0.01）均呈负相关。PAD的ROC曲线分析显示,PTX3曲线下面积为0.901（P ＜ 0.01）,当以4.06 μg/L为检测截点时,其敏感性和特异性分别为81.0%和91.5%;hsCRP曲线下面积为0.640（P ＜ 0.05）,当检测的截点为3.33 mg/L时,其敏感性和特异性分别为57.1%和56.8%。Logistic回归分析显示,PTX3血浆浓度上升对PAD的优势比（OR）值为9.755 （95%CI：2.359～19.354,P = 0.001）。 结论 本中心规律性血透患者PAD发生率为18.1％。血透患者血浆PTX3水平显著高于健康对照组。PAD与血浆PTX3水平升高相关。PTX3作为诊断PAD的参考指标,其特异性和敏感性均优于hsCRP。     

血浆不对称二甲基精氨酸与慢性肾脏疾病非透析患者心血管并发症的关系

目的 探讨不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）与慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）非透析患者心血管并发症（CVD）的关系。 方法 高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测76例患者的血浆ADMA水平，分析其与颈动脉超声、心脏超声等相关指标及既往CVD病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者的血浆ADMA水平较健康对照组显著升高[(41.56±12.76) 比 (17.12±7.09) mg/L, P < 0.01]。逐步多元回归分析显示ADMA是颈总动脉内-中膜厚度（β = 0.544, P < 0.01）和左室心肌重量指数（β = 2.521, P < 0.01）的独立危险因素。既往有CVD史者其血浆ADMA水平较既往无CVD史者显著升高[(47.60±15.14)比 (36.93±8.10) mg/L，P < 0.01]。Logistic回归分析显示血浆ADMA（β = 1.117，95%CI：1.013~1.232, P < 0.05）是CKD非透析患者CVD的独立危险因素。 结论 CKD患者普遍存在CVD，ADMA可能参与了CKD非透析患者CVD的发生发展。     

维持性血液透析患者血浆同型半胱氨酸和血清脑钠肽检测的临床意义

目的：探讨维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）和血清脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）水平与心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease,CVD）之间的关系。方法将95例 MHD患者分为心血管疾病组（CVD组）55例和无心血管疾病组（NCVD组）40例;另选30名健康对照者（健康对照组）,检测各组血浆 Hcy、血清BNP、血肌酐（SCr）、血糖（glucose,GLU）、血白蛋白（albumin,Alb）、血脂并进行比较。结果 MHD患者血浆 Hcy [（26.89＆#177;10.12）μmol/L]明显高于健康对照组[（8.05＆#177;2.53）μmol/L]（P〈0.01）;血清 BNP [（1275.02＆#177;1123.94）pg/ml]显著高于对照组[（57.82＆#177;34.61）pg/ml]（P〈0.01）;其中 CVD 组血浆 Hcy[（31.73＆#177;10.18）μmol/L]高于 NCVD 组[（20.24＆#177;5.01）μmol/L]（P〈0.01）;血清 BNP [（1957.49＆#177;1001.83）pg/ml]高于 NCVD组[（336.61＆#177;308.22）pg/ml]（P〈0.01）。以健康对照组血浆 Hcy 均数＋2倍标准差（x＋2s）（13.11μmol/L）为95%可信度上限,超过此值确定为高同型半胱氨酸血症（Hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy）。95例 MHD患者 HHcy发生率为87.37%（83/95）;其中CVD组 HHcy占94.55%（52/55）,NCVD 组占77.50%（31/40）,均明显高于正常对照组6.67%（2/30）（均 P〈0.01）。CVD 组和 NCVD 组 SCr、GLU、Alb 及血脂比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。CVD组血浆 Hcy与 SCr、Alb呈正相关（r=0.380、0.354,P〈0.01）,NCVD组血浆 HcyA与BNP、SCr、Alb呈正相关（r=0.341、0.337、0.389,P〈0.05）,血清 BNP 与 Hcy、SCr 呈正相关（r=0.341、0.389,P〈0.05）;血浆 Hcy、血清BNP与其余各血生化指标间无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论血浆 Hcy、血清BNP水平可作为 MHD患者CVD危险因素的预测指标。     

维持性血液透析患者犬尿氨酸与营养状态及血管硬化的关系

目的 研究长期维持性血液透析（MHD）患者血清犬尿氨酸的变化及其与患者营养状态和血管硬化的关系。 方法 纳入年龄性别相匹配的健康对照、长期服用α酮酸的MHD患者、未服用α酮酸的MHD患者各20例。用高效液相色谱法测定3组的血清犬尿氨酸水平。测定两组MHD患者C反应蛋白（CRP）水平。用主观综合性营养评估（SGA）及炎性营养不良评分（MIS）对两组MHD患者进行营养评估。用脉搏波传导速度（PWV）评估动脉硬化情况。 结果 MHD患者血清犬尿氨酸水平显著高于健康人[（3.20±1.12） μmol/L 比（1.74±0.27） μmol/L,P < 0.01]。服用α酮酸组与未服用α酮酸组血清犬尿氨酸水平差异无统计学意义[（3.20±0.88） μmol/L比（3.29±1.34） μmol/L,P > 0.05]。MHD患者血白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平显著高于健康对照组[（6.45±3.78） ng/L比（1.38±1.59） ng/L,P < 0.01]。α酮酸组IL-6水平显著低于非α酮酸组[（3.37±0.82） ng/L比（9.62±2.48） ng/L,P < 0.05];2组间CRP水平差异无统计学意义。与非α酮酸组比较,α酮酸组SGA评分较高（26.00±1.75比22.67±2.61,P = 0.001）,MIS评分较低（5.82±2.27比10.00±2.62,P ＝ 0.002）,左、右侧PWV均较低[（21.11±8.21） m/s比（24.57±5.45） m/s,P = 0.244;（19.27±3.22） m/s比（24.19±5.41） m/s, P = 0.015]。 相关分析显示,血清犬尿氨酸与血IL-6呈正相关（r ＝ 0.352,P ＝ 0.011）;与透析前Scr呈负相关（r = -0.412,P = 0.019）。 结论 MHD患者普遍存在炎性反应状态,色氨酸代谢产物犬尿氨酸水平可反映这种炎性反应状态。α酮酸可能通过减轻其炎性反应程度从而改善MHD患者的营养、贫血及血管硬化。     

血清肝素结合蛋白和正五聚蛋白-3水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺炎的相关性

目的探讨血清肝素结合蛋白（HBP）和正五聚蛋白3（PTX3）水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺炎的相关性。 方法选取2016年3月至2018年3月于襄阳市中心医院呼吸内科确诊为COPD患者60例（COPD组）、COPD合并肺炎患者45例（COPD合并肺炎组）以及同期健康体检者35例（对照组）作为研究对象。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组研究对象血清HBP和PTX3水平,并采用Spearman相关法分析其与COPD合并肺炎的相关性。 结果三组研究对象吸烟史、并发症、CRP、PCT和FEV1/FVC（%）等差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。与对照组相比,COPD组和COPD合并肺炎组患者第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值[FEV1/FVC（%）]和FVC均显著降低;而白细胞介素（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素（PCT）水平均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）;COPD合并肺炎组CRP[（68.9 ± 3.5）mg/L vs. （45.1 ± 1.67）mg/L]、PCT水平[（28.98 ± 5.9）μg/L vs. （18.34 ± 6.7）μg/L]高于COPD组,差异具有统计学意义（t = 2.517、P = 0.047,t = 4.102、P = 0.035）。三组研究对象血清HBP和PTX3水平差异具有统计学意义（F = 7.36、P = 0.003,F = 7.36、P = 0.003）;COPD组患者HBP[（372.0 ± 22.0）pg/ml]和PTX3[（5.9 ± 0.3）ng/L]均低于COPD合并肺炎组[（558.3 ± 19.4）pg/ml和（7.9 ± 0.5）ng/L],差异有统计学意义（t = 5.289、P = 0.21,t = 3.104、P = 0.039）。血清HBP和PTX3水平均与FEV1预测值、FEV1/FVC（%）呈负相关（P均< 0.05）;血清HBP和PTX3水平与IL-8、TNF-α、CRP和PCT呈正相关（P均< 0.05）。以COPD合并肺炎组作为阳性组、对照组为阴性组构建ROC曲线,结果显示HBP、PTX3的敏感性、特异性以及阳性预测值均高于CRP、PCT、IL-8和TNF-α（P均< 0.05）。 结论血清HBP和PTX3水平可作为判断COPD患者合并肺部炎的客观指标,在评估COPD患者病情及严重程度中具有重要价值。     

缺血修饰白蛋白水平与血液透析患者心血管疾病的相关分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者缺血修饰白蛋白（ischemia modified albumin,IMA）水平的变化及其与心血管疾病（cardiovasculardisease,CVD）的关系。方法回顾性分析86例MHD患者的临床及实验室结果。根据患者是否发生CVD分为CVD组和非CVD组,分析2组患者的临床特点和实验室检查结果;所有患者均完成颈动脉和心脏彩超检查;采用白蛋白结合试验（albumin cobalt binding,ACB）测定患者IMA水平。采用Spearman相关分析IMA与其他指标的相关性;用二分类Logistic回归方法分析IMA与CVD的相关性。结果86例MHD患者IMA平均水平高于对照组[（95．24±18．06）kU／L比（56．58±12．36）kU／L,P〈0．05];CVD组患者IMA水平高于非CVD组患者[（115．27±16．38）kU／L比（81．64±19．82）kU／L,P〈0．013;IMA水平与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（10wdensity lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、肌钙蛋白T（cardiactroponin T,cTnT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hinghsensitivityC-reactiveprotein,hs-CRP）、白细胞介素6（interleukin6,IL-6）、左室心肌重量指数（lef tventricular index,LVMI）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（ca—rotidintima-mediathickness,IMT）呈正相关（r=0．402,P=0．036;r=0．584,P=0．021;r：0．514,P=0．023;r=0．396,P=0．042;r=0．610,P=0．002;r=0．537,P=0．022）,与Hb、Alb、左室射血分数（1eftventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）呈负相关（r=-0．387,P=0．026、r=-0．573,P〈0．01）1、r=-0．496,P=0．018）;二分类logistic回归分析显示,IMA、hs—CRP是MHD患者CVD的危险因素。结论MHD患者IMA水平显著升高,合并CVD患者升高更为明显,IMA是MHD患者CVD的独立危险因素,可以作为MHD患者CVD早期诊断标志物。     

血浆五聚素3与慢性肾脏病非透析患者心血管疾病的相关性

目的探讨血浆五聚素3（pentraxin3,PTX3）水平与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者心血管疾病（cardio vascular disease,CVD）的关系。方法选择CKD3～5期非透析患者90例分为CKD非CVD组（A组,58例）和CKD合并CVD组（B组,32例）;另选健康正常者15名为健康对照组。收集CKD患者临床资料、相关生化指标。用放免法测定PTX3、超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）及彩超测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）。采用ROC曲线分析PTX3、hs—CRP与CVD的相关性。相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析法。结果①A、B组PTX3、hS-cRP等炎症介质均明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。②B组PTX3、hs—CRP均明显高于A组（P〈0．05）。③针对CⅧ的ROC曲线分析显示,PTX3与CKD患者的CVD关系更为密切,PTX3曲线下面积为0．860（P〈0．01）,当检测的截点为6．73μg／L时,其敏感性为75％,特异性为89．7N;hs—CRP曲线下面积为0．622（P〈0．05）,当检测的截点为11．23mg／L时,其敏感性为62．5％,特异性为55．2％。④A、B组IMT均明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。B组比A组IMT呈逐渐增厚趋势,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。IMT与PTX3呈正相关（r=0．372,P〈0．05）。结论CKD患者体内都存在炎症状态,PTX3、hs—CRP均高于健康人。与CRP相比,PTX3与CKD患者的CVD关系更为密切。它可作为CKD患者CVD的危险因素观察指标之一。     

维持性血液透析患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与指骨骨密度（BMD）的关系.方法 选择2006年2月至2010年2月在我院住院的MHD患者94例,分别将男性和女性患者分为3组,骨质疏松组：T值＜-2;骨量减少组：T值-2～-1;正常骨量组：T值＞-1.分别比较3组男性和3组女性患者年龄、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血浆Hcy.对血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD进行相关性分析,用逐步回归法以指骨BMD为自变量建立多元线性回归方程以分析指骨BMD的影响因素.结果 骨质疏松组年龄均大于骨量减少组和正常骨量组（P＜0.05）,骨量减少组年龄大于正常骨量组（P＜0.05）.3组血钙、血磷、ALP、Hcy差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.男性血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD无相关性（r=0.267,P＞0.05）.年龄是指骨BMD的影响因素（回归系数b1=-0.002,P=0.022）.骨质疏松组血浆Hcy水平均高于骨量减少组和正常骨量组（P＜0.05）,而骨量减少组和正常骨量组Hcy差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.3组血钙、血磷、ALP差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.女性血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD呈负相关（r=-0.527,P＜0.05）.年龄和Hcy是指骨BMD的影响因素（回归系数b1=-0.002,P=0.011;回归系数b4=-0.003,P=0.048）.结论 女性MHD患者高血浆Hcy水平可能与指骨BMD降低有关,男性MHD患者血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD无相关性.血浆Hcy升高可能是女性MHD患者骨质疏松潜在的危险因素.     

甲状旁腺切除术对血液透析患者合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进骨代谢及骨密度的影响

目的 观察甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)对继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)的维持性血液透析患者骨代谢及骨密度(BMD)的影响.方法 26例SHPT患者行PTX.术前及术后1、3、6、12、18、24个月时常规检测血钙、血磷、血清碱性磷酸酶,化学发光法检测血清全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid,iPTH)、骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽(PINP)、β胶原蛋白(β-C TX),术前及术后24个月时双能X线法测定腰椎、股骨颈、骨盆各部位骨密度,观察患者甲状旁腺切除术前、术后骨代谢指标及骨密度变化.结果 (1)与术前比较,血清OC水平[(104.49±25.42) μg/L比(695.46±355.62) μg/L,P＜ 0.01]、PINP水平[(248.36±159.38) μg/L比(809.28±283.50) μg/L,P＜0.01]于手术3个月后明显降低,β-CTX水平于手术1个月后明显降低[(1.60±0.64) μg/L比(3.37±1.34) μg/L,P＜0.01].(2)与术前比较,术后24个月时腰椎BMD[(0.88±0.23) g/cm2比(0.78±0.23) g/cm2,P＜0.01]、股骨颈BMD[(0.96±0.19) g/cm2比(0.84±0.24) g/cm2,P＜ 0.01]及腰椎Z评分[(-1.24±0.55)比(-1.66±0.24),P＜0.01]、股骨颈Z评分[(-1.51±0.72)比(-1.93±0.40),P＜0.01]均升高.(3)相关分析显示,术前血清iPTH水平与⊿腰椎Z评分(r=0.584,P=0.002)、⊿股骨颈Z评分(r=0.400,P=0.043)呈正相关,术前血清OC水平与⊿腰椎Z评分(r=0.651,P＜0.001)、⊿股骨颈Z评分(r=0.509,P=0.008)呈正相关.结论 PTX术可以降低患者升高的iPTH、OC、PINP及β-CTX水平,增加骨密度,同时改善多项生化指标,提高患者生活质量.     

维持性血液透析患者血清胱抑素C与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系

目的 研究维持性血液透析（MHD）患者的血清胱抑素C（半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,CysC）水平的变化及其与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系。 方法 选择透析龄超过6个月的MHD患者110例（MHD组）和健康对照组60例为对象。用免疫透射比浊法检测CysC;超声检查颈动脉病变的程度;检测高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）、血清白介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平。分析CysC水平与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系。 结果 MHD组血清CysC水平为（6.19±0.95） mg/L,显著高于健康对照组的（0.76±0.21） mg/L（P < 0.01）。MHD组hsCRP、tHcy、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著高于健康对照组（P < 0.05或<0.01）。MHD组患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）及斑块形成、颈动脉硬化的患病率均显著高于健康对照组（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。直线相关分析显示,MHD组血CysC水平与hsCRP、tHcy、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IMT及斑块形成、颈动脉硬化的患病率呈正相关;与透析龄、收缩压、iPTH亦呈正相关（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。多因素逐步回归分析显示,CysC、hsCRP、tHcy和年龄是MHD患者颈动脉病变的危险因素。 结论 血液透析不能有效清除CysC等大分子物质,随着透析龄的增加,MHD患者血清CysC水平逐渐升高。CysC与hsCRP等微炎性反应指标及tHcy、颈动脉病变呈正相关,血清CysC水平升高可能是MHD患者并发动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

Plasma Pentraxin 3 is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

This cross-sectional study evaluates the associations of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Plasma was obtained from 98 maintenance HD patients before and after a session of HD and 50 age-matched healthy subjects. We measured plasma PTX3 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that plasma PTX3 levels were significantly higher in HD patients compared with controls (1.87 vs. 1.11 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and increased acutely after a single HD session (post-HD 2.18 ng/mL vs. pre-HD 1.87 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Patients with CVD had higher plasma PTX3 levels than those without CVD (2.18 vs. 1.76 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Plasma PTX3 levels correlated positively with cardiac troponin T (ρ = 0.287, p = 0.007) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (ρ = 0.294, p = 0.043). High plasma PTX3 (>1.87 ng/mL) level was positively and independently associated with CVD (OR = 3.15, p = 0.024). Receiver operator characteristics analysis showed the correlation between PTX3 and CVD more closely than high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients whose hs-CRP were higher than 3 mg/L. The area under the curve for PTX3 and hs-CRP was 0.655 (p = 0.047) and 0.562 (p = 0.458), respectively. Moreover, plasma PTX3 levels correlated negatively with body mass index, hemoglobin, pre-albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein. These data support the main conclusions: PTX3 levels are markedly elevated in HD patients; HD procedure itself induces PTX3 elevation; plasma PTX3 is associated with CVD in maintenance HD patients.     

Plasma pentraxin 3 is associated with cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients

This cross-sectional study evaluates the associations of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Plasma was obtained from 98 maintenance HD patients before and after a session of HD and 50 age-matched healthy subjects. We measured plasma PTX3 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that plasma PTX3 levels were significantly higher in HD patients compared with controls (1.87 vs. 1.11 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and increased acutely after a single HD session (post-HD 2.18 ng/mL vs. pre-HD 1.87 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Patients with CVD had higher plasma PTX3 levels than those without CVD (2.18 vs. 1.76 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Plasma PTX3 levels correlated positively with cardiac troponin T (ρ = 0.287, p = 0.007) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (ρ = 0.294, p = 0.043). High plasma PTX3 (>1.87 ng/mL) level was positively and independently associated with CVD (OR = 3.15, p = 0.024). Receiver operator characteristics analysis showed the correlation between PTX3 and CVD more closely than high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients whose hs-CRP were higher than 3 mg/L. The area under the curve for PTX3 and hs-CRP was 0.655 (p = 0.047) and 0.562 (p = 0.458), respectively. Moreover, plasma PTX3 levels correlated negatively with body mass index, hemoglobin, pre-albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein. These data support the main conclusions: PTX3 levels are markedly elevated in HD patients; HD procedure itself induces PTX3 elevation; plasma PTX3 is associated with CVD in maintenance HD patients.     

维持性血液透析患者内瘘血流量与炎性反应状态的关系及对心血管病的影响

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者内瘘血流量与炎性反应状态的关系及其对心血管病(CVD)的影响.方法 30例以自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)为透析通路的MHD患者(MHD组)及12例健康体检者(对照组)入选本研究.Transonic HD 02透析监测仪监测内瘘血流量(Qa)和心输出量(C0).MHD组在监测Qa前取透前血标本,对照组标本来自我院健康体检人群.用免疫透射比浊法检测高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP);用流式细胞仪的液相蛋白定量技术检测炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)2、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF).随访时间19个月,记录发病情况.结果 两组年龄及性别差异无统计学意义.MHD组透前IL-6、IL-10、TNF、hsCRP均显著高于对照组[2.38( 1.86 ～4.69)比1.14(0.27～1.18) ng/L,P＜0.01;1.47(1.19～2.10)比1.04 (0.00～1.23) ng/L,P＜0.01;1.33(1.05～1.56)比0.54(0.00～1.24) ng/L,P＜0.05;4.90( 1.58～7.45)比1.50( 0.63～1.90) mg/L,P=0.01].随访期间,6例(20.0％)患者至少发生1次心血管病.发生心血管病者Qa、IL-6、hsCRP均显著高于未发病者[(1120±192)比(893±189) ml/min,P＜0.05;4.86 (2.96～7.85)比2.20 (1.80～3.10) ng/L,P＜0.01;11.75(3.83～31.53)比4.45(1.05～6.68) mg/L,P＜0.05].二元Logistic回归分析显示,IL-6为CVD的独立危险因素(HR=1.943,95％CI:1.110～3.402,P=0.02).Spearman相关分析及线性回归分析显示,Qa与IL-6呈正相关(β=0.492,P＜0.01).路径分析结果显示,Qa通过IL-6对CVD有间接的显著影响.结论 IL-6是CVD发生的独立危险因素.Qa与IL-6呈正相关.Qa可通过影响MHD患者IL-6水平参与了CVD的发生.     

Association of serum soluble Klotho with episode of nonfatal cardiovascular disease and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To explore the association of serum soluble Klotho (sKlotho) with nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause/CVD mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 132 MHD patients admitted during October 2011 were enrolled. Serum sKlotho was measured by ELISA. Demographic data, including age, gender and comorbid conditions, were obtained from their medical histories, and parameters including calcium, phosphorus and albumin were assessed. The occurrence time of nonfatal CVD and all-cause mortality were recorded during the 60 months follow-up. MHD patients were categorized into four groups according to the quartiles of sKlotho: group Ⅰ (sKlotho＜361.34 ng/L), group Ⅱ (361.34 ng/L≤sKlotho＜398.81 ng/L), group Ⅲ (398.81 ng/L≤sKlotho＜445.99 ng/L) and group Ⅳ (sKlotho≥445.99 ng/L). Spearman correlation analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to test the association between sKlotho and nonfatal CVD events. The impacts of sKlotho on all-cause mortality and CVD mortality were assessed by Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. Cox regression model was applied to evaluate the effect of sKlotho on MHD patients outcomes. Results All 132 MHD patients had sKlotho ranging from 304.02 ng/L to 550.62 ng/L. And 87 patients suffered from nonfatal CVD, with 192 episodes of nonfatal CVD during the follow-up period. The sKlotho had negative correlations with coronary artery disease (r=-0.286, P=0.001), congestive heart failure (r=-0.190, P=0.029), cerebrovascular accident (r=-0.240, P=0.006) and peripheral arterial occlusion (r=-0.243, P=0.005). The sKlotho were risk factors of coronary artery disease (OR=0.989, P=0.023) and peripheral artery occlusion (OR=0.988, P=0.046). 35 patients died in the follow-up period, including 27 death from CVD. The all-cause mortality and CVD mortality rates were significantly different among four groups (P=0.036, P=0.047). Survival rates of all-cause death and CVD death varied among four groups (χ2=8.076, P=0.044; χ2=7.866, P=0.049). Patients in group Ⅳhad higher survival rates of all-cause death and CVD death than those in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed diabetes and age were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality (all P＜0.05), but sKlotho was not associated with the poor prognosis (HR=0.996, P=0.256; HR=0.996, P=0.287). Conclusions Patients with lower sKlotho have worse nonfatal CVD ratio, especially coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial occlusion. Reduced serum sKlotho is associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, but sKlotho is still not a predictive indicator of prognosis of MHD patients.     

Relationship between low vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To evaluate the relationship between low vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome (MS) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 143 patients who had received MHD from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017 in the dialysis center of our hospital were enrolled. Their clinical and laboratory data were collected. The serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by chemiluminescence instrument. According to the levels of 25(OH)D3, patients were divided into three groups: sufficient group (＞30 μg/L), insufficient group (15-30 μg/L) and deficient group (＜15 μg/L) to explore how the 25(OH)D3 were associated with MS and abnormal metabolic parameters, including central obesity, raised triglycerides (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), raised systolic blood pressure (SBP), raised diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and increased fasting blood glucose (FBG). The risk factors of MS and abnormal metabolic factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results Among the 143 MHD patients, the median of serum 25(OH)D3 was 24.30(12.90, 29.50) μg/L and the prevalence of MS was 45.45%(65 cases). Among 3 groups the prevalence of MS, the abdominal circumference and the serum TG showed statistical differences, and they increased with the severity of 25(OH)D3 deficiency (all P＜0.05). The body mass indexes of patients in the insufficient and deficient groups were elevated compared with that in the sufficient group (all P＜0.05). SBP, TG and FBG in deficient group were significantly higher but HDL-C was lower than those in the other two groups (all P＜0.05). The more abnormal metabolism existed, the lower 25(OH)D3 levels patients had (H=61.316, P＜0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in MHD patients low 25(OH)D3 negatively correlated with MS (OR=0.889, 95%CI 0.846-0.934, P＜0.001) and abnormal metabolic factors central obesity (OR=0.913, 95%CI 0.874-0.953, P＜0.001), raised TG (OR=0.932, 95%CI 0.894-0.971, P=0.001), reduced HDL-C (OR=0.901, 95%CI 0.845-0.959, P=0.001), raised SBP (OR=0.898, 95%CI 0.847-0.953, P＜0.001) and raised FBG (OR=0.956, 95%CI 0.920-0.994, P=0.024). Conclusions The prevalence of MS is high in MHD patients and low levels of 25(OH)D3 may be an independent risk factor for MS and abnormal metabolic factors.     

Decreased lymphocyte and increased monocyte count in peripheral blood is associated with cardiovascular disease and one - year mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between peripheral white blood cell count including its subtypes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and one-year all-cause mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. MethodsA total of 371 MHD patients at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between March 2009 and February, 2011 were enrolled. Demographic, hematological, nutritional and inflammatory markers were obtained. All patients were followed for one year to investigate the risks for CVD event and mortality. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to assess the relationship between white blood cell count and other laboratory parameters. Difference in categorical factors between two groups were determined with Chi-square test, Difference in continuous values between two groups were assessed with t test. Kaplan - Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to assess one-year mortality predictors. ResultsPatients with CVD event had lower lymphocyte count level (1.17±0.38 vs 1.34±0.51, P＜0.05) and higher monocyte count level (0.44 ± 0.15 vs 0.37 ± 0.15, P＜0.01) than those without CVD event. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that an increased lymphocyte count was associated with reduced mortality risk, 95%CI: 0.136-0.719, P＜0.01) and that an increased monocyte count was associated with increased mortality risk, 95% CI: 2.657 - 74.396, P＜0.01) after adjustment for hsCRP. ConclusionDecreased lymphocyte level and increased monocyte level are significantly related to CVD event and are independent predictors of increased one - year all - cause mortality risk in MHD patients.