Autobiogutobiographical amnesia and cognltive disorder resulgting from bilateral severe thalamic infarction Two cases reports

Objective To report two cases of patients with bilateral severe thalamic infarction.which showed autobiographical amnesia and cognitive disorders and to shed light on the mechanisms underlying thc retrograde amenesia. Method The two cases were studied clinically, CT and MRI were performed also, Language and neuropsychological tests were evaluated. Results Two patients with a chronic amnesia and cogntive disorders resulting from bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction showed a pattern of retrograde amnesia personally relevent autobiographical memory were prefoundly impaired .Whereas about the famous people and public events were relatively impaired. The patients almost had no thalamic aphasia.The events the one described showed spontaneously confabulated. Conclusion We think a probable explanation that the disorders at the thematic retrieval fiomwork ievel of memory and the information reconstruction due to a disconnetion of frontal and medial temperal memory systems.     

Post-stroke pain hypersensitivity induced by experimental thalamic hemorrhage in rats is region-specific and demonstrates limited efficacy of gabapentin

Intractable central post-stroke pain(CPSP) is one of the most common sequelae of stroke, but has been inadequately studied to date. In this study, we first determined the relationship between the lesion site and changes in mechanical or thermal pain sensitivity in a rat CPSP model with experimental thalamic hemorrhage produced by unilateral intra-thalamic collagenase IV(ITC) injection. Then, we evaluated the efficacy of gabapentin(GBP), an anticonvulsant that binds the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel α2δ and a commonly used anti-neuropathic pain medication. Histological case-by-case analysis showed that only lesions confined to the medial lemniscus and the ventroposterior lateral/medial nuclei of the thalamus and/or the posterior thalamic nucleus resulted in bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity. All of the animals displaying CPSP also had impaired motor coordination, while control rats with intra-thalamic saline developed no central pain or motor deficits. GBP had a dose-related anti-allodynic effect after a single administration(1, 10, or 100 mg/kg) on day 7 post-ITC, with significant effects lasting at least 5 hfor the higher doses. However, repeated treatment, once a day for two weeks, resulted in complete loss of effectiveness(drug tolerance) at 10 mg/kg, while effectiveness remained at 100 mg/kg, although the time period of efficacious analgesia was reduced. In addition, GBP did not change the basal pain sensitivity and the motor impairment caused by the ITC lesion, suggesting selective action of GBP on the somatosensory system.     

丘脑脓肿的治疗(附三例报告并文献复习)

目的 探讨丘脑脓肿的治疗方式.方法 自2009年9月至2010年7月共收治丘脑脓肿3例,其中1例在头颅增强MRI导航下行立体定向脓肿穿刺抽吸术;1例先行保守治疗后由于脓肿破入脑室形成小脑转移脓肿,又行小脑脓肿穿刺引流术;另1例行开颅脓肿切除术.结果 3例患者随访16-26个月.增强MRI提示脓肿消失,无复发和神经功能障碍.结论 导航立体定向脓肿穿刺抽吸术,损伤小,术后恢复快,疗效肯定;丘脑脓肿保守治疗时要严密观察脓肿变化,若脓肿扩大需及时进行外科治疗;开颅手术可彻底清除病灶,术后恢复迅速.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effective treatment of abscesses in thalamus.Method 3 patients with solitary abscess in thalamus are analyzed retrospectively, who were treated from Sep.2009 to Jul.2010.There were one male and two female patients.One patient treated with stereotaclic aspiration under enhanced MRI neuronavigation;one patient treated medically alone at first,however,aspiration of metastatic cerebellar abscess was performed for this patient because of intraventricular rupture of brain abscesses (IVRBA) ; another patient treated with abscess excision by craniotomy.Results Follow-up enhanced MRI in 3 patients revealed complete resolution of abscesses.All 3 patients had a good outcome without recurrence and sequelae.Conclusions Stereotactic aspiration of thalamic abscess under enhanced MRI neuronavigation has confirmed therapeutic effect.Close observation of the change of thalamic abscess is needed when antimicrobial therapy is used alone, surgery or aspiration should be performed if enlargement or extension of absecss; surgery has the merit of complete eradication of the lesion, quick recovery and low cost.     

Ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells following cerebral infarction in rats

We investigated the effects of ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training on promotion of endogenous neural stem cells in the peripheral infarct zone and the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere of rats with cerebral infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Wistar rats. The rat forelimb on the unaffected side was either wrapped up with tape to force the use of the paretic forelimb in rats or not braked to allow bilateral forelimbs to participate in training. Daily training consisted of mesh drum training, balance beam training, and stick rolling training for a total of 40 minutes, once per day. Control rats received no training. At 14 days after functional training, rats receiving bilateral limb-training exhibited milder neurological impairment than that in the ipsilateral limb-training group or the control group. The number of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and nestin/microtubule-associated protein 2-positive cells in the peripheral infarct zone and in the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere was significantly higher in rats receiving bilateral limb-training than in rats receiving ipsilateral limb-training. These data suggest that bilateral limb-training can promote the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in the bilateral hemispheres after cerebral infarction and accelerate the recovery of neurologic function. In addition, bilateral limb-training produces better therapeutic effects than ipsilateral limb-training.     

丘脑出血引起远隔功能障碍1例报告

Diaschisis refers to a disturbance (inhibition or facilitation) of function in an area remote from the site of a primary brain lesion.Previous studies have confirmed that regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism are noticeably decreased in an infarct region.Transient excessive perfusion appears in the ischemic penumbra,and diaschisis occurs in an area remote from the lesion site,showing decreased regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism.Mirror diaschisis refers to a decrease in oxygen metabolism and blood flow in the "mirror image area" to the infarct regions in the contralateral hemisphere.In this study,a patient with right thalamic hemorrhage was affected with right arm and leg numbness.At 4 months before onset,magnetic resonance imaging of the head demonstrated lacunar infarcts in the left thalamus;therefore the right arm and leg numbness was not associated with lacunar infarcts in the left thalamus.At 8 days following onset,magnetic resonance imaging reexamination did not reveal the focus that could induce right arm and leg numbness and weakness.Thus,it is suggested in this study that the onset of this disease can be explained by mirror diaschisis.That is,right thalamic hemorrhage leads to decreased blood flow and metabolic disturbance in the contralateral thalamus,resulting in right arm and leg numbness.     

胼胝体梗死所致的发作性拮抗性失用

目的 探讨胼胝体梗死引起拮抗性失用的特点和机制.方法 对1例表现为发作性拮抗性失用的患者,分别进行神经心理、头颅磁共振、颈CT血管成像检查.结果 神经心理检查提示为拮抗性失用,头MRI示右侧胼胝体梗死,予抗血小板,改善脑循环治疗后发作减少.结论 胼胝体梗死可以引起发作性拮抗性失用为特征的神经心理症状.

Abstract：

Objectives To report the clinical features and treatment in a case with paroxysmal diagonistic ideomotor apraxia after ischemic infarction of the corpus callosum.Methods The neuropsychological tests,brain MRI,the TCD and carotid duplex sonography were carried out in the patient who is right handed and had had presentation of paroxysmal diagonistic ideomotor apraxia for ten days.Results Neuropsychological tests confirmed the diagnosis of paroxysmal diagonistic apraxia in this patient.MRI showed ischemic infarction in the right corpus callosum.The symptomsin the patient were improved after the treatment with aspirin for three months.Conclusion The infarction of corpus callosum may induce paroxysmal diagonistic apraxia.     

双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术对特重型颅脑伤致双瞳散大患者的救治

目的 探讨双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术在治疗特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大患者中的作用.方法 对我科2005年1月至2010年12月收治的58例单侧损伤灶所致特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大手术患者进行回顾性分析,其中2005年1月至2007年9月仅行病灶侧去骨瓣减压术30例(A组),2007年10月至2010年12月采用双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术28例(B组),分析并比较两组患者颅内压、预后及并发症情况.结果 采用双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术者较仅对血肿侧去骨瓣减压者颅内压下降差异有统计学意义;死亡率下降了25.2%,预后良好率上升了26.9%.结论 双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术可有效降低特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大患者的颅内压,减少急性脑膨出和脑梗死的发生率,降低死亡率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of bilateral balanced decompressive craniectomy in treatment of the most severe brain injured patients with bilateral mydriasis. Methods Fifty - eight cases of the most severe brain injury due to unilateral lesions with bilateral mydriasis were analyzed retrospectively from Jan 2005 to Dec 2010. Thirty were treated by unilateral decompressive craniectomy from Jan 2005 to Sep 2007(group A) and 28 by bilateral balanced decompressive craniectomy from Oct 2007 to Dec 2010(group B). The intracranial pressure, prognosis and complications were compared. Results Postoperative ICP was significantly lower in group B than group A; patients in group B had a lower mortality and better outcome than in group A. Conclusion Bilateral balanced decompressive craniectomy can efficiently reduce the values of ICP, occurrence of acute encephalocele and brain infarction and mortality of the most severe brain injured patients with bilateral mydriasis.     

脑梗死患者记忆障碍与情感障碍的研究

目的 本文通过对脑梗死所致记忆障碍与情感障碍进行研究,明确记忆障碍及情感障碍与脑损害部位是否有必然联系,探索记忆障碍和情感障碍的相互影响.方法 收集神经内科住院的初次脑梗死患者80例,正常对照组40例.分别进行记忆功能测定、情感测定以及MRI各项指标的测量,然后进行统计分析.结果 正常组和脑梗死组记忆功能障碍有显著性差异(P<0.001).脑梗死体积、数量和部位不同,其记忆障碍和情感障碍均有显著性差异(P<0.05).左侧半球病变引起的记忆损害及情感障碍较右侧半球病变严重.结论 脑梗死后记忆障碍和情感障碍发生率很高,且与梗死部位、容积、数量等显著相关,严重降低脑卒中患者的治疗效果和生活质量.

Abstract：

Objective Based on the memory impairment caused by cerebral infarction,to study affective disorder,a clear memory disorder and affective disorder and brain damage have a causal link,and explore barriers tO memory impairment and emotional interaction.Methods The collection of the initial hospitalization in patients of Department of NeurologY with cerebral infarction was 80 cases and 40 case8 of normal control group.Memory and emotional function were meantured,as well as MRI measurement were recorded for the purpose of statistical analysis.Results Normal group and memory dysfunction in cerebral infarction group were significantly different(P<0.001).Infarct vdume,quantity and location is different from its memory impairment and affective disorder were significantly different(P<0.05).Lesions of left hemisphere caused more serious memory impairment and emotional obstacles than those of the right hemisphere.Conclusions Memory impairment after cerebral infarction and the high incidence of affective disorder showes correlation with the infarct location, vdume and the number significantly,and are related to a serious decline in the effect of treatment and quality of life of stroke patients.     

Therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor on cerebral infarction in dogs using the hemisphere anomalous volume ratio of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

A model of focal cerebral ischemic infarction was established in dogs through middle cerebral artery occlusion of the right side.Thirty minutes after occlusion,models were injected with nerve growth factor adjacent to the infarct locus.The therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor against cerebral infarction was assessed using the hemisphere anomalous volume ratio,a quantitative index of diffusion-weighted MRI.At 6 hours,24 hours,7 days and 3 months after modeling,the hemisphere anomalous volume ratio was significantly reduced after treatment with nerve growth factor. Hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,electron microscopy and neurological function scores showed that infarct defects were slightly reduced and neurological function significantly improved after nerve growth factor treatment.This result was consistent with diffusion-weighted MRI measurements.Experimental findings indicate that nerve growth factor can protect against cerebral infarction,and that the hemisphere anomalous volume ratio of diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.     

MRI对非乙醇中毒性韦尼克脑病的诊断价值(附五例临床分析)

目的 分析非乙醇中毒性韦尼克脑病(WE)患者的临床和颅脑MRI成像特点,探讨颅脑MRI对其的诊断价值. 方法 深圳市第二人民医院放射科自2007年6月至2010年2月应用MRI检查非乙醇中毒性WE患者5例,回顾性分析患者的临床特征、颅脑MRI成像特点及治疗转归等资料. 结果 非乙醇中毒性WE患者缺乏特征性临床表现,颅脑MRI主要表现为丘脑内侧,侧脑室,第三脑室,中脑导水管周围脑组织对称性高信号,2例患者可见大脑皮层受累.增强扫描后部分病变可见强化.2例患者死亡,3例患者应用维生素B1治疗后预后良好. 结论 颅脑MRI对非乙醇中毒性WE具有诊断价值,其显示的损害范围可反映WE的疾病严重程度.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical features and MR imaging features of patients with nonalcoholic Wemicke's encephalopathy (WE). Methods A retrospective review of the data,consisting of clinical and cranial MRI features, and the treatment results, was conducted on 5 patients with nonalcoholic WE, who admitted to our hospital fiom June 2007 to February 2010. Results The clinical features of nonalcoholic WE were non-characterized and most of them had no specific value for diagnosis. MR imaging showed symmetrical high signal in the medial thalamus, lateral ventricle, third ventricle and surrounding area of the aqueduct of midbrain; involvement of the cerebral cortex was found in 2 patients. Enhancement in some of the lesions was noted after performing contrast-enhanced scan.Favorable prognosis was given to the 3 patients treated with vitamin B1; 2 patients died. Conclusion Cerebral MRI enjoys great value in diagnosing nonalcoholic WE and reflects appropriately the pathological severity of this disease by demonstrating the scope of the lesions.     

Severe personality changes after unilateral left paramedian thalamic infarct

Personality changes are not uncommon after paramedian thalamic infarction, but usually bilateral or relatively large lesions, often complicated by other neurological or neuropsychological deficits, are present. 'Pure' cases of unilateral lesions are extremely rare. We report that a right-handed, 48-year-old man, who was hypertensive and diabetic but had no prior psychiatric history, developed severe personality changes and a frontal-like syndrome after recovery from acute-onset impairment of consciousness at the age of 43. Other neurological and neuropsychological disturbances, especially verbal and visual amnesia, were unremarkable. MRI showed a very small infarct in the left paramedian area of the thalamus, mainly involving the dorsomedial nucleus.     

Widespread functional effects of discrete thalamic infarction

In order to investigate functional effects of various thalamic structures on metabolism in remote, morphologically intact cerebral regions, we used positron emission tomography of (18F)-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose to study regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRGlu) in 11 patients with chronic unilateral or bilateral infarcts strictly confined to the thalamus. Patients were grouped according to computed tomographic scans showing anterior (three), medial (four), or posterior (four) lesions. Compared with a matched group of 11 healthy subjects (hemispheric CMRGlu 35.2 +/- 3.49 mumol/100 g per minute), glucose metabolism was significantly lower in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the infarction (31.2 +/- 2.97 mumol/100 g per minute). Patients with bilateral infarcts had lower hemispheric CMRGlu (29.9 +/- 2.74 mumol/100 g per minute) than those with unilateral lesions (32.2 +/- 2.97 mumol/100 g per minute). Depending on infarct location within the thalamus, there was differential depression of rCMRGlu, with the largest effects on frontal and occipital areas in medial infarctions. Except for ipsilateral thalamic deactivation, metabolic patterns with anterior thalamic infarcts were close to normal, while posterior infarcts mostly depressed rCMRGlu in the visual and in the inferior limbic cortex. Cerebellar metabolic rates were within normal limits in most cases. These patterns of regional cerebral deactivation may be related to categories of thalamic projections--intrathalamic, to limbic system and basal ganglia, diffuse to most cortical areas, and specific to defined neocortical areas. Even small brain lesions may have widespread functional sequelae, potentially demonstrable by positron emission tomography.     

Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction with hypothalamic dysfunction

Unilateral thalamic lesions cause transient or permanent behavioral, sensory and oculomotor disturbances; bilateral lesions of thalamus result in more severe and longer lasting symptoms. We present an atypical case of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct with concomitant hypothalamic dysfunction. The only risk factor of ischaemic stroke found in the patient was a short lasting episode of atrial fibrillation. Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts may result from occlusion of one paramedian thalamic artery, which arises from the posterior cerebral artery, either with separated or with a common trunk, thus supplying the thalamus bilaterally. Independently of anatomical variants of thalamus blood supply, the most probable cause of infarct in our patient was unilateral or bilateral occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery by cardioembolism, probably in the course of basilar artery occlusion. Hypothalamic dysfunction may accompany thalamic infarcts; thus hypothalamo-pituitary function should be routinely assessed in bithalamic infarcts.     

Left antero-medial thalamic infarction and symptoms of amnesia, aphasia, and dementia

Three cases of left antero-medial thalamic infarction who showed amnesia, aphasia and dementia were studied comparatively in terms of clinical features and the MRI findings. Case 1 and Case 2, who showed transient amnesia and aphasia respectively, had a single lesion in the left antero-medial thalamus. Case 1 had a lesion in a more ventral part than Case 2, suggesting that Case 1 had a lesion of the bundles into the anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei while Case 2 had a lesion of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus. On the other hand, Case 3 who showed persistent dementia had multiple lesions in addition to the left antero-medial thalamic infarction. A review of the previous reports and investigations of the present cases suggest that a single ischemic lesion in the left antero-medial thalamus will cause amnesia and/or aphasic symptom while in cases with other multiple lesions it may cause persistent dementia.     

Thalamic hand dystonia: an MRI anatomoclinical study

Focal dystonia has been attributed to lesions involving the basal ganglia and/or thalamus. Hand dystonia was studied in a patient with a unilateral thalamic infarction documented by MRI. A 18-year-old girl presented with severe isolated dystonia of the right hand as a sequel of perinatal infarction. MRI scan revealed infarction affecting part of the dorsomedian, lateral posterior, ventral lateral, ventral posterior lateral nuclei, and centromedian-parafascicular nucleus of the contralateral thalamus. The unique MRI anatomoclinical presentation of this case, taken together with the literature data, could provide evidence that a lesion affecting one or several thalamic nuclei, including the centromedian nucleus, can induce hand dystonia.     

Two cases of thalamic infarction presenting with "thalamic astasia"]

We report two cases of so-called 'thalamic astasia', associated with thalamic infarction. A 76-year-old-man suddenly noted to fall down to the left side without severe hemiparesis. An MRI showed an infarction in the superolateral portion of the right thalamus. Over eight weeks, his astasia gradually disappeared. A 69-year-old-man suddenly noted inability to stand with loss of balance. He showed mild hemiparesis, hypesthesia and cerebellar signs on the right side. Although right hemiparesis was slight, he was unable to stand by himself. An MRI demonstrated an infarction in the ventrolateral to ventroposterior portion of the left thalamus. Three weeks later, his symptoms except for cerebellar ataxia remarkably disappeared. The overlapped MRI lesions of these two cases were localized in the ventrolateral thalamus, such as Vimi (nucleus ventrointermedii internus), Vci (nucleus ventrocaudalis internus), Cemc (nucleus centralis thalami magnocellularis). These lesions are so-called 'vestibular thalamic nuclei', in which fibers from vestibulocerebellum are terminated. Involvement of the thalamic connectivity explains that two patients noted inability to stand. Thus we concluded that these two patients had thalamic astasia, described by Masdeu and Gorelick.     

Spectrum of superficial posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory infarction is not uncommon. Published series were concentrated either on isolated deep PCA territory infarcts or on incomplete calcarine artery territory infarcts. Although, correlations between clinical symptoms, causes of stroke and outcome at 6-months in patients with superficial PCA territory stroke are less well known. We sought prospectively stroke causes, infarct topography, and clinical findings of 137 patients with superficial PCA territory infarcts with or without mesencephalic/thalamic involvement, representing 11% of patients with posterior circulation ischemic stroke in our Stroke Registry. We analyzed patients by subdividing into three subgroups; (1). cortical infarct (CI) group; (2). cortical and deep infarcts (CDI) (thalamic and/or mesencephalic involvement) group; (3). bilateral infarcts (BI) group. We studied the outcomes of patients at 6-month regarding clinical findings, risk factors and vascular mechanisms by means of comprehensive vascular and cardiac studies. Seventy-one patients (52%) had cortical (CI) PCA infarct, 52 patients (38%) had CDI, and 14 patients (10%) had bilateral PCA infarct (BI). In the CDI group, unilateral thalamus was involved in 38 patients (73%) and unilateral mesencephalic involvement was present in 27% of patients. The presumed causes of infarction were intrinsic PCA disease in 33 patients (26%), proximal large-artery disease (PLAD) in 33 (24%), cardioembolism in 23 (17%), co-existence of PLAD and cardioembolism in 7 (5%), vertebral or basilar artery dissection in 8 (6%), and coagulopathy in 2. The death rate was 7% in our series and stroke recurrence was 16% during 6-month follow-up period. Features of the stroke that was associated with significant increased risk of poor outcome included, consciousness disturbances at stroke onset (RR, 66.6; 95% CI, 8.6-515.5), mesencephalic and/or thalamic involvement (RR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.49-9.65), PLAD (RR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.09-6.73), and basilar artery disease (RR, 5.94; 95% CI, 1.73-20.47). The infarct mechanisms in three different types of superficial PCA territory stroke were quite similar, but cardioembolism was found more frequent in those with cortical PCA territory infarction. Although, the cause of stroke could not reliably dictate the infarct topography and clinical features. Visual field defect was the main clinical symptom in all groups, but sensorial, motor and neuropsychological deficits occurred mostly in those with CDI. Outcome is good in general, although patients having PLAD and basilar artery disease had more risk of stroke recurrence and poor outcome rather than those with intrinsic PCA disease.     

Paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts: Clinical and neuropathological study

The clinical and neuropathological findings in 28 cases of paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts are reported. The 4 instances of unilateral paramedian thalamic infarct were characterized by mood and behavioral changes, limitation of the infarct to the center of the anatomical paramedian territory, and symmetrical configuration of the paramedian thalamic arteries. Basilar artery occlusion was found in 1 patient. The 5 cases of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts were characterized by disturbances of consciousness and behavior, extension of the infarct (to the mammillothalamic tracts in 4 cases, the red nuclei in 3, and the hypothalamus in 2), and a variable paramedian thalamic arterial pattern. The arterial pattern was symmetrical in 2 cases, asymmetrical in 1, and unilateral in 1. The basilar artery was occluded in 1 case, the basilar communicating and posterior cerebral arteries in 1, and a third patient had occlusion involving an aneurysm of the basilar artery. The 19 patients with paramedian thalamopeduncular infarcts had marked disturbances of consciousness (hypersomnia, deep coma, akinetic mutism) associated with ocular motility changes. Later, abnormal movements—always delayed—and memory, disturbances were observed in some. Thalamic changes were restricted to the paramedian territory in only 3 cases. The arterial pattern was symmertical in 5. The basilar and posterior cerebral arteries were occluded in 4 patients each. Paramedian infarcts were rarely found as isolated lesions and were always bilateral when there was only one arterial pedicle. The paramedian thalamic pedicle can supply the polar thalamic territory.     

A case of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction in childhood with the sensory disturbance and the sensory loss of taste

Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts are characterized by disturbance of consciousness, followed by persisting dementia, decreased spontaneity, apathy, amnesia and paralysis of eye movement. We report a 15-year-old boy with this syndrome, who exhibited transient coma at the onset. In addition to the typical symptoms, he complained of sensory disturbance in the lower extremities and face and the loss of taste sense. MRI showed symmetric paramedian thalamic infarction. There was no lesion in the midbrain. The etiology of infarct in this boy remained unknown despite extensive laboratory and neuroradiological examination. His sensory disturbance in the extremities and face may be due to extensive involvement of the inferolateral area of the thalamus by infarction of the paramedian thalamic artery. This patient illustrates that bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction can occur in a previously healthy child.     

低场MRI和MRA在成人烟雾病诊断中的价值探讨

目的探讨低场MRI和MRA对成人烟雾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析24例成人烟雾病的临床与低场MR资料。结果 MRI表现：双侧放射冠区、基底节区多发脑梗死、软化14例,顶、枕叶大面积脑梗死2例,其中梗死合并出血6例;单纯脑出血8例,其中放射冠区、基底节区出血6例,左顶枕叶出血1例,脑室内出血1例。MRA表现：单侧大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉近段狭窄或闭塞16例,双侧大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉近段闭塞8例,丘脑-基底节区有异常血管网12例。结论 低场MRI可显示成人烟雾病的脑实质及血管病变,可作为烟雾病的筛选方法。