超选择性动脉阻断腹腔镜右肾部分切除术手术精要

<正>手术名称:超选择性动脉阻断腹腔镜右肾部分切除术术者:金讯波术前精要:1体位:左侧卧位,腰部垫高,呈折刀位。2特殊器械使用:超声刀。3术中精要:3.1建立气腹,置入Trocar。Trocar A:右锁骨中线肋缘下1横指处(12mm Trocar,并为气腹针穿刺点);Trocar B:脐水平腹直肌右缘处(10mm Trocar);Trocar C:腹腔镜观察下确定位于右腋前线的     

腹腔镜右肾盂离断成形术手术精要

<正>手术名称:腹腔镜右肾盂离断成形术术者:夏庆华术前精要:1体位:左侧卧位,腰部垫高,呈折刀位。2特殊器械使用:超声刀。术中精要:1建立气腹,在右肋缘下2cm锁骨中线处,气腹针穿刺入腹腔,在脐上缘3cm中线右侧旁开2cm处采用10mm Trocar穿刺成功后,置入腹腔镜,观察下于右肋缘腋前线处采用5mm Trocar、建立气腹处采用12mm Trocar穿刺成功,分别置入操     

超选择性腹腔镜左肾部分切除术手术精要

<正>手术名称:超选择性腹腔镜左肾部分切除术术者:王正手术步骤:1体位:右侧卧位,腰部垫高,呈折刀位。2特殊器械使用:超声刀。3术中精要3.1建立气腹常规术野皮肤消毒铺巾。在左锁骨中线肋缘下2cm处作一约0.5cm切口,气腹针穿刺,建立气腹,注入CO2气体,设定腹腔压力14mmHg。气腹建立满意后,在脐水平腹直肌左缘处切开皮肤约10mm,采用10mm Trocar穿刺成功后,置入腹腔镜,接监视器,观察下于肋缘下左腋前线、气腹针穿刺处分别采用12mm及5mm Trocar穿刺成功,分别置入操作件。3.2游离结肠,显露肾蒂。自结肠脾区沿结     

后腹腔镜右肾部分切除术手术精要

手术名称:后腹腔镜右肾部分切除术 术者:吴大鹏 手术步骤 1左侧卧位,腰部垫高,呈折刀位. 2于腋后线肋缘下切开皮肤2 cm,用血管钳钝性分离腰背筋膜,手指探入分离腹膜后间隙,置入扩张气囊扩张,建立后腹腔间隙.于腋后线肋缘下、腋中线髂嵴上2 cm、腋前线肋缘下分别置入10 mm Trocar套管.经腋中线髂嵴上2 cm Trocar套管内置入腹腔镜,CO2气腹压力为12 ～ 15 mmHg. 3游离并清除腹膜外脂肪.打开Gerotas筋膜,沿腰大肌与肾周脂肪疏松间隙游离,上下分至肾脏上、下极,于肾门处游离并暴露肾动脉,仔细打开动脉鞘,以利于动脉阻断.     

机器人胸腺扩大切除术在老年重症肌无力患者中的应用

目的评价达芬奇S（da Vinci S）机器人胸腺扩大切除术在老年重症肌无力患者中的应用价值。方法 2009年5月～2011年12月,使用da Vinci S机器人手术系统完成9例老年重症肌无力胸腺及胸腺瘤切除并进行胸腺周围脂肪组织清扫术。全身麻醉下双腔气管插管,仰卧位,一侧胸部垫高30°,术侧胸壁腋前线第5肋间皮肤切开1.5 cm,置入trocar作为观察孔,左右侧各约10 cm的距离（在腋前线第3肋间和锁骨中线第6肋间）置入左右机械手臂trocar,在腋中线第7肋间置入trocar作为辅助操作孔,连接机械手臂。人工气胸压力6～12 mm Hg。胸腺及周围脂肪组织置入一次性取物袋,经辅助操作孔取出。结果 9例均手术成功,无中转开胸。麻醉时间平均180 min（60～210 min）,机器人手术时间平均60 min（30～110min）,术中出血量平均100 ml（30～200 ml）。无手术输血,住ICU时间平均1 d（1～3 d）。9例随访5～32个月,平均12个月,DeFilippi分级1级2例,2级2例,3例5例,有效率100%。结论选择合适的老年患者,使用da Vinci S机器人手术系统行胸腺扩大切除术安全可行,效果确切。     

经腋窝与胸前径路da Vinci Si机器人甲状腺腺叶切除二例

目的 探讨da Vinci Si机器人甲状腺手术不同径路的安全性.方法 2014年1月济南军区总医院用da Vinci Si外科手术系统完成甲状腺腺叶切除2例.1例取腋窝径路,于患侧腋窝沿腋前线取切口约5 cm,对侧锁骨中线乳头上方取横切口约8 mm,建立皮下隧道至术区,经腋窝切口置入da Vinci Si外科手术系统摄像臂及1、2号器械臂,经8 mm trocar置入3号器械臂.另一例取胸前径路,于胸骨切迹下约12 cm处建立观察孔12 mm,双侧锁骨中线乳晕上方处建立操作孔8 mm,观察孔置入摄像臂,操作孔置入1、2号器械臂,术中止血及腺体切除均采用超声刀,标本用取物袋取出,术毕于术区留置负压引流管并关闭手术切口.结果 2例患者均成功实施机器人甲状腺腺叶切除术,无中转开放或腔镜手术,无手术并发症,术中估计出血量10 ～20 mL,平均手术时间为163 min,平均引流量90.5 mL.病理诊断分别为结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤.术后测甲状旁腺素及血清钙磷均在正常范围.结论 经腋窝与胸前径路机器人甲状腺腺叶切除安全可行,手术美容效果好.     

腹腔镜左肾部分切除术手术精要

正手术名称:腹腔镜左肾部分切除术术者:金讯波手术步骤:右侧卧位,腰部垫高,呈折刀位。于左锁骨中线肋缘下2cm横行切开皮肤约0.5cm,气腹针穿刺入腹腔,建立气腹,设定腹腔压力14mmHg。气腹建立满意后,在脐水平上腹直肌左缘横行切开皮肤约10mm,10mm Trocar穿刺成功后,置入腹腔镜,接监视器,观察下于脐水平左腋前线处及建立气腹处分别采用12mm及5mmTrocar穿刺成功,分别置入操作件。自结肠脾区沿结肠旁沟纵行切开侧后腹膜,充分下降肠管,于左肾下极腰大肌前方寻     

腹腔镜左肾部分切除术（阻断肾动脉）

患者术前双肾CT提示左肾下极占位性病变，大小约2cm＊2cm，突出于肾表面，增强有强化，提示肾癌可能。完善术前准备后行腹腔镜左肾部分切除术。气管插管全身麻醉，患者取右侧卧位。Trocar的位置：A孔置10mm套管，腋中线髂嵴上两横指；B孔置10mm套管，腋后线肋缘下；C孔置5mm套管，腋前线髂前上棘内上方2cm。建立腹膜后腔隙，先将腹膜外脂肪剥离，注意辨认腹膜反折部，以避免打开腹腔。     

单操作孔胸腔镜胸段食管癌手术42例报告

目的探讨单操作孔胸腔镜食管游离技术在胸段食管癌手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2014年3月～2017年2月42例胸段食管癌三切口食管癌根治术资料。应用单操作孔胸腔镜行胸段食管游离,左侧侧俯卧折刀位,腔镜孔位于右腋中线第8肋间,操作孔位于右腋中线与腋前线之间第4肋间,用"缝合牵拉显露法"显露后纵隔,完整游离胸段食管,并行纵隔及食管周围淋巴结清扫。腹腔镜或开腹游离胃,制作管状胃。左颈部切口行胃食管颈部吻合。结果 42例均在全胸腔镜下顺利完成胸段食管游离和纵隔、食管周围淋巴结清扫,无中转开胸或增加切口,围术期无死亡。手术时间(350. 3±55. 6) min,术后前3日引流量(853. 9±386. 9) ml,术后住院(18. 7±8. 7) d,清扫胸腔淋巴结(15. 7±10. 0)枚。术后2例消化道漏,2例肺部感染,并发症发生率9. 5%(4/42)。36例随访6～60个月,中位时间31个月,复发转移7例。结论应用单操作孔胸腔镜技术行三切口食管癌根治术安全可行。"缝合牵拉显露法"有利于单操作孔胸腔镜手术的顺利实施。     

腹腔镜左肾上腺切除术手术精要

正手术名称:腹腔镜左肾上腺切除术术者:于潇手术步骤:1体位:右侧卧位。2特殊器械使用:超声刀。3术中精要3.1于左锁骨中线肋缘下横行切开皮肤约0.5cm,Veress气腹针穿刺入腹腔,建立气腹,设定腹腔压力14mmHg。气腹建立满意后,在脐水平上3cm腹直肌左缘置入10 mm Trocar。于脐水平左     

LigaSure在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨LigaSure在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用价值。方法2001年7月～2007年7月，应用LigaSure行腹腔镜胃癌根治性切除术71例，按TNM分期，Ⅰ期15例，Ⅱ期33例，Ⅲa期23例。行根治性全胃切除术27例，根治性远侧胃大部切除术39例，根治性近侧胃大部切除术5例。采用腹腔镜辅助手术方法：以脐孔，左、右锁骨中线肋缘下，脐与剑突连线上、中1／3交界点为手术操作孔，术中扩大剑突下操作孔3～5cm为辅助切口。术中均采用LigaSure分离、处理血管，直接凝固切断包含直径达7mm血管的网膜及胃周血管；胃癌淋巴结清扫时，联合应用超声刀裸化血管，再用LigaSure钳夹凝固后，于闭合带远端剪断血管，完成腹腔镜下D2胃癌根治手术。结果71例均手术成功，无中转开腹，术中出血少，无术中、术后严重并发症发生，术后近期肺部感染3例、应激性溃疡出血1例、十二指肠残端漏1例（保守治愈）。LigaSure闭合胃周血管良好，未使用钛夹或腔镜专用切割吻合器（Endo—GIA）。71例随访4～72个月，平均38．6月，死亡11例（其中9例因肿瘤转移），远处转移10例，复发14例，2例术后远期吻合口狭窄。结论LigaSure行腹腔镜胃癌根治术安全、可靠，是腹腔镜手术理想的切割止血工具。     

胸外科应用达芬奇手术机器人的体会

目的介绍da Vinci S手术机器人系统不开胸手术的经验。方法本组17例患者包括重症肌无力12例（其中胸腺瘤3例）、膈疝1例、食管癌2例、肺大泡1例、肺癌1例。常规术前准备,取仰卧或侧卧位,双腔气管插管单肺通气静脉复合全麻。手术器械借着胸壁的孔洞连接到机器人的机械臂。外科医生坐于控制台前双手抓模拟抓手,它可将外科医生的动作转换传递到手术器械的尖端,进行切割、止血、缝合等外科操作。结果本组病例无死亡,无主要并发症。17例手术中,12例胸腺和胸腺瘤切除,1例膈疝修补,1例肺大泡切除;2例食管癌患者腹部用机器人行胃游离及腹部淋巴清扫加胸部小切口;1例左肺上叶切除术近结束时,由于出血,及时转为开胸手术。患者术后均恢复平稳。结论机器人在胸内进行手术时,对于不同手术,在体位、戳卡放置及器械械使用及手术方法上均有差别,术前术中都应妥善计划,认真施行。     

达芬奇机器人手术系统施行残胃癌切除术

达芬奇机器人手术系统行胃癌根治术的路径、方法逐渐成熟,但是残胃癌手术难度大,切除率低,目前未见使用达芬奇机器人手术系统行残胃癌切除术的报道。2012年11月第三军医大学西南医院采用达芬奇机器人手术系统成功实施1例残胃癌切除术,随访12个月,近期疗效较好。达芬奇机器人手术系统行残胃癌手术在视野显露、腹壁粘连松解、狭窄空间操作等方面具有优势,其机动灵活的操作、稳固持久的牵引是开腹手术和腹腔镜手术不可比拟的。     

达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜下子宫颈残端癌根治术联合盆腔淋巴结切除术1例报告

目的：探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统治疗子宫颈残端癌的安全性和可行性。方法术前放置输尿管支架,采用达芬奇机器人手术系统,常规建立气腹,于脐右上方45°10 cm处放置机器人腹腔镜镜头,平脐右侧腋前线处放置第一机械臂,于脐左上方45°10 cm处放置第2机械臂,机械臂孔与镜头孔呈等腰三角形,镜头孔处为等腰三角形顶点。患者左侧腋前线平髂前上棘上方5 cm处建立助手操作孔,同时该操作孔连接气腹机。常规切除盆腔淋巴结,以输尿管支架为指示,鉴别输尿管与膀胱和子宫颈的解剖关系,完成根治性残端子宫颈切除。结果机械臂安装时间30 min,手术操作时间110 min,术中出血量300 ml。术后24 h下地活动,36 h肛门排气。因病理结果提示淋巴血管间隙侵犯,术后14 d开始行辅助化疗。术后随访1个月,无不适,输尿管支架术后1个月取出。结论达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜手术治疗子宫颈残端癌安全、可行。     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic total and partial gastric resection with D2 lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma

Background  Lymph node dissection and esophageal anastomosis, considered the more demanding steps of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma, can be performed with the use of a remote-controlled robot. Methods  Thirteen patients with a histologically proved gastric cancer (six stage I, six stage II, and one stage III) were enrolled in a prospective study to assess feasibility and safety of the Da Vinci surgical system in total and partial gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection. Outcome measures were conversion rate, intra- and postoperative morbidity and mortality, operative time, blood loss, number of lymph nodes harvested, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of resection margins. Results  Eight distal, four total, and one proximal laparoscopic gastrectomies were completed without conversion. Extended lymph node dissection, and esophagojejunal and esophagogastric anastomoses were successfully carried out using the da Vinci System. Mean operative time was 286 ± 32.6 min and blood loss was 103 ± 87.5 ml. Mean number of nodes retrieved was 28.1 ± 8.3 and all resection margins were negative. There was no mortality. Trocar bleeding requiring laparoscopy was the only major complication encountered. No recurrence occurred during a mean follow-up time of 12.2 ± 4.5 months. Conclusions  Robot-assisted laparoscopic lymph node dissection and esophageal anastomosis are feasible and safe. Longer follow-up time and randomized studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcome and clinical advantages of this new technology.     

Totally robotic low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and splenic flexure mobilization

Some limitations of conventional laparoscopy have been overcome by the enhanced dexterity of the robotic da Vinci system, and its use in gastrointestinal procedures is evolving. However, difficulties accessing multiple quadrants of the abdomen with the first robotic system led to a rather slow introduction of the da Vinci into the field of abdominal surgery compared with its success with urologic and cardiac procedures. The new da Vinci S HD system offers improved range of motion that allows for easier access to a wider surgical field. The authors developed a new “one-step” setup to perform a low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and splenic flexure mobilization for rectal cancer using a completely robotic approach. This technical report describes all the major aspects for successful performance of this complex minimally invasive procedure.     

机器人系统行心房黏液瘤切除术40例

目的 总结机器人二尖瓣置换术的临床应用,以评估其安全性及有效性.方法 2008年6月至2011年4月,20例患者接受机器人二尖瓣置换术,男7例,女13例;年龄32～65岁,平均(44.7±9.8)岁.术前心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级4例.15例合并房颤.股动、静脉及右侧颈内静脉插管建立体外循环.右侧胸壁打直径为0.8cm的器械臂孔3个,直径为1.5～2.5cm工作孔1个,术者于三维成像系统下遥控微创器械完成二尖瓣置换.术中食管超声引导建立体外循环并评估手术效果.术后常规进行随访.结果 无手术死亡及术中术式转化.机器人二尖瓣置换平均体外循环(137.1±21.9)min,主动脉阻断(99.3±17.4)min.随访(12.1±6.6)个月,未见瓣周漏等并发症.结论 机器人系统可安全、有效地完成二尖瓣置换,术后近期效果良好.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of robotic mitral valvereplacement using da Vinci S system.Methods From August 2008 to April 2011, over 400 cases of robotic cardiac surgery have been completed in Chinese PLA general hospital, in which 20 patients with isolated mitral valve stenosis underwent robotic mitral replacement, including 7 male and 13 female patients with a mean age of (44.7 ±9.8) years (ranging from 32 to 65 years). 16 patients had a NYHA class Ⅰ～Ⅱ heart function and 4 patients were NYHA class Ⅲ. Fifteen patients were concomitant with atiral fibrillation. Surgery approach was achieved through 4 right chest ports with femoral perfusion and Chitwood aortic occlusion. Antegrade cold blood cardioplegia was administered directly via chest for myocardial protection. The transesophageal echocardiography was used intraoperatively to estimate the surgical results. Results All patients had successful valve replacement including mechanical and tissue valve replacement. There was no conversion to a median sternotomy. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and arrested heart time were(137.1 ±21.9) minutes and (99.3 ±17.4) minutes. Echocardiographic follow-up in all patients revealed no complications. Conclusion Robotic mitral valve replacement is safe and efficacious in the patients with isolated mitral valve disease.     

Robotic replacement of the descending aorta in human cadaver

Robot-assisted replacement of the thoracic aorta was performed in a human cadaver. Temporary shunt bypass was established by inserting a left axillary artery catheter and directing it through the aortic arch toward the right femoral artery through the abdominal aorta. The technique utilized the da Vinci surgical system inserted through the 4-cm supramammary working port and two additional thoracoscopic ports. The working port allowed the introduction of an endoscope, endoscopic instruments, and artificial graft and suture materials. The aorta was dissected using the robotic instruments and was clamped with two transthoracic clamps. After transaction of the aorta, a 20-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft was cut and an end-to-end anastomosis was then performed with running 3-0 Prolene sutures with robotic instruments. The robotic system provides superior optics and allows for enhanced dexterity. Minimally invasive robotic replacement of the descending aorta is an effective procedure and may add benefits for both surgeon and patients.     

First experiences with the da Vinci operating robot in thoracic surgery.

OBJECTIVES: The da Vinci surgical robotic system was purchased at our institution in June 2001. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the applicability of the da Vinci operation robot for general thoracic procedures. METHODS: The da Vinci surgical system consists of a console connected to a surgical arm cart, a manipulator unit with two instrument arms and a central arm to guide the endoscope. The surgical instruments are introduced via special ports and attached to the arms of the robot. The surgeon, sitting at the console, triggers highly sensitive motion sensors that transfer the surgeon's movements to the tip of the instruments. The so-called 'EndoWrist technology' offers seven degrees of movement, thus exceeding the capacity of a surgeon's hand in open surgery. We evaluated the role of the robot for several thoracic procedures such as thymectomies, fundoplications, esophageal dissections, resection of mediastinal masses and a pulmonary lobectomy. RESULTS: A total of 10 thymectomies, 16 fundoplications, 4 esophageal dissections, 5 extirpations of benign mediastinal masses and 1 right lower lobectomy was performed with the robot. One resection of a paravertebral neurogenic tumor had to be converted due to surgical problems. A lesion to a left recurrent laryngeal nerve caused transient hoarseness after the extirpation of an ectopic parathyroid in the aortopulmonary window in one patient. The postoperative courses were uneventful and patients were discharged between postoperative days 3 and 8 (with the exception of patients who underwent dissection for esophageal cancer and the patient with conversion to an open access). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced general thoracic procedures can be performed safely with the da Vinci robot allowing precise dissection in remote and difficult-to-reach areas. This benefit becomes evident most elegantly in thymectomies, which at our institution have become a routine procedure with the robot. The rigid anatomy of the chest seems to be an ideal condition for robotic surgery. A major limitation for robotic surgery is the lack of more appropriate instruments. This disadvantage becomes most evident in pulmonary lobectomies.     

达芬奇与妙手机器人系统辅助直肠癌直肠全系膜切除短期疗效比较研究

目的 对比妙手机器人系统（Micro Hand S）与达芬奇手术机器人系统在机器人辅助直肠全系膜切除（R-TME）的短期疗效,探讨Micro Hand S在R-TME中的临床应用价值。方法 2017年5月至2018年12月期间,中南大学湘雅三医院前瞻性纳入连续68例接受直肠癌的病人,均接受了Micro Hand S或达芬奇手术机器人的R-TME治疗。主要评价结果为直肠全系膜切除（TME）标本的完整性。次要评价结果是环周切缘（CRM）和远端切缘（DRM）、清扫淋巴结数目、术中失血量、手术时间、手术中转率、综合并发症指数（CCI）、术后泌尿功能国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）和大便失禁程度Wexner评分。结果 37例病人接受了达芬奇手术机器人R-TME治疗,31例病人接受了Micro Hand S R-TME治疗。两组之间的TME完整性差异无统计学意义（完全TME加几乎完全TME,分别为93.5％和94.6％,P=0.944）。年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）、肿瘤分期、手术时间、失血率、VAS评分、GOALS评分、转化率、CRM、CRM阳性率、DRM、DRM阳性率、淋巴结数目、CCI、IPSS或Wexner评分差异均无统计学意义。Micro Hand S手术机器人的装机时间较达芬奇手术机器人中位装机时间明显延长［23（15~40）min vs. 15（10~40）min, P=0.001］。结论 da Vinci、Micro Hand S手术机器人在R-TME中的临床应用是安全且有效的。