探讨不同年龄段高血压患者心电图及经颅多普勒的变化特征

目的探讨不同年龄段高血压患者心电图及经颅多普勒的变化特征。方法对不同年龄段高血压患者共140例行心电图及经颅多普勒检查。结果老年组与非老年组心电图(ECG)的变化特征均以ST一T改变、左室肥厚、心律失常占前三位。经颅多普勒(TCD)的变化特征的变化均以脑动脉血流速度不同程度加快为主。同时发现老年组ECG和TCD异常检出率分别为71.4%,92%;非老年组分别为43%,60%,老年组显著高于非老年组(P<0.001)。结论老年组与非老年组高血压患者心脏和脑血管等靶器官损伤后的ECG与TCD表现相似,老年高血压患者ECG和TCD异常改变的发生率明显高于非老年组。     

老年颈源性眩晕患者椎-基底动脉血流状况的研究

目的:应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)探讨老年颈源性眩晕与椎-基底动脉的血流动力学变化的关系.方法:选择行TCD检查的48例颈源性眩晕患者(眩晕组)及同期行TCD检查的36例患者(对照组)纳入研究.记录并分析椎动脉、基底动脉的收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张末期流速(Vd)、搏动指数(PI)及RI.结果:2组椎动脉或基底动脉血...     

经颅多普勒超声对脑梗死患者预后的评估

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对脑梗死患者预后的评估价值.方法 选择我院2018年4月至2020年3月收治的180例脑梗死患者,所有患者进行TCD检查,分析患者临床预后.结果 180例患者经颅多普勒超声诊断48例(26.7％)正常,132例(73.3％)异常;异常包括轻、中、重度狭窄以及血流速度下降、频谱形态异常等...     

椎基底动脉短暂缺血性眩晕脑干功能损害与经颅多普勒的相关性

目的　探讨椎基底动脉供血不足 (VBI)脑干功能与经颅多普勒 (TCD)的相关性。方法　对 6 8例临床诊断VBI的患者及 30例非VBI患者进行BR ,BAEP和TCD检测。结果　VBI组脑干功能损害 84 6 % ,TCD异常率为 83 1% ,χ2 检验差异无显著意义 ;非VBI组脑干功能损害 8 3% ,TCD异常率为 46 6 % ,χ2 检验差异有显著意义。VBI组脑干功能损害及TCD异常者为 98/136 ,皆正常者为 2 4/136 ,两者占 89 7% ;非VBI皆异常者为 4/6 0 ,皆正常者为 32 /6 0 ,两者占 6 0 %。结论　根据临床表现 ,结合BR ,BAEP及TCD检查结果可提高对VBI的诊断价值 ,而单独的TCD结果不足以作为诊断依据。     

经颅多普勒超声、CT血管造影及减影血管造影对颈内动脉狭窄的诊断分析

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)、CT血管造影(CTA)及减影血管造影(DSA)三种检查方法在颈内动脉狭窄诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对60例高度怀疑颈内动脉狭窄的患者行TCD、DSA与头颅CTA检查,以DSA诊断为金标准,比较TCD和CTA检查的敏感性、特异性和符合率。结果 60例患者480条受检的血管中,经DSA检查为正常、中度、重度狭窄的血管条数分别为38条,57条及55条。CTA、TCD检查的敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为95. 5%、80. 0%、92. 7%和87. 1%、75. 0%、80. 7%。TCD结果显示重度狭窄段的收缩期流速显著高于中度狭窄段的流速,P 0. 05。结论 CTA、DSA作为经典检测方法,均能准确显示颈内动脉狭窄程度,TCD方法对重度狭窄具有较高的诊断价值。     

中老年原发性高血压经颅多普勒超声检测脑血流的临床意义

目的观察经颅多普勒(TCD)超声检测中老年原发性高血压患者脑血流动力学的变化特点。方法对180例原发性高血压患者进行TCD超声检测并对结果进行综合分析。结果 180例原发性高血压患者中160例异常,占88.89%。2级和3级原发性高血压的脑血流异常率(分别为94.8%、100%)显著高于1级原发性高血压(77.6%,P均<0.01),2级和3级原发性高血压之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1级原发性高血压组平均血流速度(VM)增快、VM减慢和血管搏动指数(PI)增高百分比(分别为83.1%、16.9%、5.1%)与2级和3级原发性高血压组(分别为41.8%、58.2%、24.0%和15.2%、84.8%、78.2%)比较,差异均有显著统计学意义(P均<0.01);2级原发性高血压组与3级原发性高血压组比较,差异也有显著统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论 TCD能较灵敏地反映原发性高血压脑血管的病理和血流动力学改变,可为临床诊治提供依据。     

经颅多普勒与彩色多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的诊断价值

目的:探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)与彩色多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉盗血综合征(SSS)的诊断价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声检测32例SSS患者的椎动脉颅外段、颈动脉、锁骨下动脉(SubA)、无名动脉的彩色血流形态,内-中膜厚度及狭窄程度;TCD检测椎动脉颅内段与基底动脉血流方向及频谱的改变。结果:32例中SubA中度狭窄11例,重度狭窄12例,闭塞9例。TCD检查Ⅰ期盗血11例(34%);Ⅱ期盗血11例(34%);Ⅲ期盗血10例(32%)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与TCD联合应用,通过对SubA及无名动脉的内-中膜厚度、狭窄程度及椎-基底动脉频谱形态的测量,有利于对SSS病因及程度的诊断。     

经颅多普勒超声在高血压病各期中的监测应用

对100例高血压病各期患者的TCD结果进行分析，并与脑电图、脑地形图、X线电算体层成像进行对比研究，结果表明：经颅多普勒超声检查在高血压病早期即出现显著异常，伴随高血压病情进展而呈递增趋势，而脑电图．恼地形图、X线电算体昙成像的敏感性则相对较差，经颅多普勒超声辁查对于诊治高血压病、预报和防治脑血管病的发生具有重要价值。     

高血压患者危险因素及颅内动脉狭窄的多普勒观察

目的观察高血压患者颅内动脉狭窄经颅多普勒特点及其影响因素。方法选择180例住院和门诊高血压患者，排除合并中风、糖尿病及其他颅内疾病，用经颅多普勒超声诊断仪检查颅内动脉狭窄情况。结果39例患者有颅内动脉狭窄，患病率为21．66％。检查动脉血管1640条，狭窄动脉92条，总的动脉狭窄率为5．60％。大脑中动脉狭窄发病率最高，其次为颅内动脉虹吸段。颈内动脉狭窄率占总狭窄率的80％，明显高于椎一基动脉。老年高血压患者总狭窄率及单一狭窄高于非老年病人。狭窄组总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白B水平明显高于非狭窄病组。结论高血压颅内动脉狭窄最常发生于大脑中动脉及颅内动脉虹吸段，年龄、脂代谢紊乱是高血压病人发生颅内动脉狭窄的危险因素。     

经颅多普勒检测急性脑出血42例分析报告

我们用经颅多普勒(TCD)来检测急性高血压性脑出血的治疗过程,评价经颅多普勒与头颅CT、肢体神经功能缺损评分之间的关系。于2004年10月~2006年3月共检测患者42例,现总结如下。1一般资料42例均为我院内二科住院治疗、资料完整、均经头颅CT诊断、非手术治疗的急性脑出血患者。入院后第1、3、5天各作TCD 1次(取后2次平均值)。第1、5天做头颅CT 1次,第1、5天作肢体神经功能缺损评分1次。42例患者中男31例,女11例,年龄40~60岁。其中基底节区出血25例,脑叶出血11例,小脑出血6例,均有高血压病史。使用TCD检查观察大脑中动脉的血流情况,收集相…     

TCD对糖尿病合并高血压脑血管病变的研究

目的：应用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）探讨糖尿病合并高血压患者的脑血管功能状态及血流动力学变化。方法：应用TCD检测糖尿病合并高血压患者颅内动脉，并与糖尿病组、对照组就脑动脉平均血流速度、动脉血流速度异常分布状况、血流频谱形态、搏动指数参数的结果进行统计学分析。结果：糖尿病合并高血压组颅内动脉血流速度、血流频谱形态、搏动指数异常检出率明显高于糖尿病组及对照组（P〈0.05；P〈0．001）；血流速度增快以MCA多见，血流速度减慢以椎-基底动脉为主。结论：TCD可对糖尿病合并高血压患者脑血管状态提供客观的信息，在临床诊断、治疗、预防评估中起到重要作用。     

经颅多普勒观察MBRT对老年缺血性脑血管病的疗效

目的:观察离退休老干部缺血性脑血管病患者心身放松疗法(MBRT)治疗前后,经颅多普勒检查结果的变化。方法:60例缺血性脑血管病患者随机分为MBRT组和常规治疗组,疗程为8w,运用经颅多普勒检测技术评估两组的临床疗效。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗8w后,MBRT组的左侧大脑中动脉和基底动脉的收缩峰值血流速度、舒张末期血流速度、平均血流速度均显著升高,血管搏动弹性指数及脑血管阻力指数显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01);MBRT组经颅多普勒频谱改善的显效率和总有效率显著高于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:MBRT组疗效优于常规治疗组,MBRT能显著增加脑血流速度、降低脑血管阻力和提高缺血性脑血管病患者的临床疗效。     

糖尿病患者的经颅多普勒变化

目的:应用经颅多普勒检查糖尿病患者颅内血管状况,以了解糖尿病与血液动力学变化的关系。方法:采用德国EME公司2020型经颅多普勒检查仪。对55例糖尿病患者及60例健康对照组进行了经颅多普勒检查,观察大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉,椎、基底动脉的血流速度,搏动指数及血流频谱进行检测。结果:55例糖尿病患者中血流速度异常占81.82%,其中血管痉挛8例,血管硬化30例,血管狭窄7例,正常10例。两组搏动指数值比较,糖尿病组搏动指数值显著高于健康对照组。结论:经颅多普勒超声检查可以较明确反映糖尿病脑血管病变的部位、范围和性质。     

脑梗死病人的动态心电图和动态血压监测的研究

目的　探讨动态心电图 (AECG)和动态血压 (ABPM )对脑梗死恢复期病人的临床意义。方法　对 4 6例恢复期脑梗死病人进行AECG与ABPM监测 ,分析检测其结果与高血压、糖尿病、冠心病及脑梗死灶数量的关系。结果　合并有高血压、冠心病、糖尿病的脑梗死病人的AECG异常率明显高于无合并症者 ,且AECG异常率与脑梗死灶多少成正比 ;2 4hSBP和DBP的波动曲线与治疗高血压变动曲线符合 ,但nSBP降低程度远远大于nDBP使脉压差明显缩小 (2 1± 0 5 )kPa。结论　利用AECG和ABPM分析心律失常及血压变化 ,对判断脑梗死患者病情与估计其预后有一定意义。     

高血压病126例经颅多普勒脑血流测定临床分析

目的　探讨经颅多普勒脑血流测定对高血压病诊断和分期的价值。方法　对 1 2 6例高血压病患者 ,采用经颅多普勒仪探测大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉及大脑后动脉 ,记录平均血流速度 ,测定结果进行统计分析。结果　高血压病 期组 ,病程较短 ,年龄较轻者 ,各颅内血管的 Vm值与对照组比较无显著差异。 期组 ,各颅内血管的 Vm值明显增快。 期组 ,病程较长 ,年龄较大者 ,各颅内血管的 Vm值明显减慢。结论　TCD测值改变提供了高血压病诊断和分期的重要辅助指标。     

TIA患者CDFI与TCD检查临床分析

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）患者血管病变与相关危险因素的关系。方法对207例TIA患者双功能彩色血流影像（color doppler flow imaging,CDFI）及经颅多普勒超声（transcranial cerebral doppler,TCD）结果及危险因素进行回顾分析。结果 TIA患者内膜增厚发生率60.2%,斑块发生率54.1%,以多发斑块（39.1%）和稳定斑块（45.4%）为主,不稳定斑块仅30.4%。血管狭窄发生率47.8%,以多发狭窄（33.8%）和中重度狭窄（30.9%）为主。闭塞发生少（占13.5%）。〉60岁组内膜增厚、斑块发生率均高于≤60岁组,P〈0.05。有血管狭窄组比无血管狭窄组高密度脂蛋白低,血尿酸及收缩压均高,P〈0.05。结论 TIA患者早期动脉硬化表现极为普遍,且随着年龄有增加趋势,血管狭窄与收缩压、血尿酸正相关,与高密度脂蛋白负相关。综合CDFI和TCD有利于血管病变初筛,尽早合理调控血压、血尿酸、血脂防治TIA。     

Transcranial doppler sonography and CT angiography in patients with atherothrombotic middle cerebral artery stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Atherothrombotic disease of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) frequently occurs in Asian populations. This abnormality can be noninvasively assessed with transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA). To our knowledge, the usefulness of TCD sonography compared with CTA in the diagnosis of nonembolic MCA disease has not been studied. METHODS: We prospectively examined 70 patients with clinically suspected atherothrom botic MCA stroke by using TCD sonography and CTA. We excluded patients with a known source of cardiac emboli, significant carotid stenosis, or classic lacunar syndrome. TCD sonography was performed within 2 days of admission, followed by CTA within 7 days after stroke onset. RESULTS: CTA demonstrated MCA stenosis of more than 50% in 57 patients (81%), whereas only 29 patients (41%) had abnormal TCD findings. CTA showed proximal M1 stenosis, distal M1 stenosis, and M2 disease in 29%, 29%, and 24% of the patients, respectively. Stenotic sites differed between patients with normal TCD results and those with abnormal results. TCD findings correlated well with CTA findings in all patients with proximal M1 stenosis. In contrast, TCD sonography correctly depicted distal M1 or M2 disease in only 24% of the patients. CONCLUSION: In this population, CTA is superior to TCD sonography in the diagnosis of MCA disease. Abnormal TCD results are highly suggestive of MCA stenosis. However, normal TCD findings do not exclude such lesions, especially in patients with distal M1 or M2 disease. Because distal M1 and M2 disease was found in half of our patients, TCD sonography should not be used as a method to screen for MCA stenosis.     

140例脑血管病经颅多普勒分析

目的:分析经颅多普勒(Trans-Cranial Doppler,TCD)对急性脑血管病的诊断敏感性。材料与方法:140例脑血管病患者,其中男76例,女64例,年龄20～85岁,于入院3天内均接受了TCD检查。除7例短暂性脑缺血发作者外,其余133例患者包括41例脑出血,84例脑梗塞,以及8例蛛网膜下腔出血,还经CT或腰穿证实。使用的超声诊断仪为美国产Medasonics彩色多普勒。结果:TCD较准确而及时地显示了脑血管狭窄、痉挛、闭塞,以及血管壁弹性降低等血管病变。急性脑血管病的TCD异常表现及异常率随不同病种而异,例如,脑出血主要表现为脑血管痉挛和狭窄,搏动指数升高,频谱异常,异常率82.9％,脑梗塞——脑血管严重狭窄或闭塞,频谱异常,异常率95.2％,蛛网膜下腔出血——于发病后1～7天内出现的血管痉挛是其主要伴发症,异常率62.5％,短暂性脑缺血发作——其表现相似于脑梗塞,异常率85.7％。结论:TCD对颅内动脉系统及椎一基底动脉系统的血管病变均能及时显示并准确定位。因此,它不仅对急性脑血管病具有很高的诊断敏感性,而且可用于评价某些药物的临床疗效或追踪观察。     

Comparison of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography angiography in symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 10 patients with middle cerebral artery territory stroke were studied. To obtain data from patients with presumed in situ middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis, the study excluded patients with a known source of cardiac emboli, significant carotid stenosis and classical lacunar syndrome. As the gold standard for this study, CTA demonstrated MCA stenosis in all patients (100%), while abnormal TCDs suggesting MCA stenoses were found in only six patients (60%). The stenotic sites differed among patients with normal and abnormal TCDs. Patients with false negative TCDs were found to have more distal lesions (distal M1 or M2 segment) whereas patients with TCD abnormalities tend to have more proximal lesions as demonstrated by CTA. It is concluded that an abnormal TCD is highly suggestive of stenosis of MCA. A normal TCD, however, does not exclude such a lesion, especially in patients with distal M1 or M2 stenoses. Therefore, TCD may not be the best screening test for intracranial vascular stenotic lesion in MCA territory stroke.     

99Tcm-N-NOET负荷和延迟门控心肌灌注显像对高血压患者的临床价值

Objective To investigate clinical significance of the 99Tcm-bis (N-ethoxy-N-ethyl-dithiocarbamato) nitridotechnetium(99Tcm-N-NOET) exercise and delayed myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in hypertensive patients. Methods Sixty patients with hypertension and 19 normal subjects were carried out 99Tcm-N-NOET exercise and delayed MPI, and analyzed the results of MPI, exercise electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac function parameters end-diastolic volume(EDV), end-systolic volume(ESV), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), △ LVEF (LV EF exercis-LVEF delay) and coronary angiography(CAG). Results ① Sixty patients with hypertension, 22 cases(36.7%)of exercise ECG were abnormal, 16 cases (26.7%)were the chest tightness in exercise, 13 cases (21.7%) were blood pressure excessive reaction in exercise; control group, 2 cases (10.5%) of exercise ECG were abnormal, 1 case (5.3%, 1/19) was chest tightness in exercise,no per-son was blood pressure response in excessive. ②The positive rate of myocardial perfusion in hyper tensive group was significantly higher than the control group (31.75％ vs.5.30％, P<0.05). ③Cardial function parameters in hypertension group [exercise EDV =(79.75 ±29.10)ml, ESV =(28.82 ± 15.73)ml, LVEF =(65.78 ±1.27)%; delay EDV=(81.42±3.47)ml, ESV=(30.62±2.05)ml, LVEF=(64.20±9.70)%] and control group[exercise EDV=(79.63 ±21.65)ml, ESV=(27.37±10.71)ml, LVEF=(66.42±1.55)%; delay EDV=(82.89±4.96)ml,ESV=(31.42±3.06)ml, LVEF=(63.16 ±7.54)%] were no statistical difference(exercise EDV: t=0.161, ESV: t=0.112, LVEF: t=0.261; delay EDV: t=0.276, ESV: t=0.197, LVEF: t=0.184, P>0.05), △ LVEF<0%, 28 cases (46.7%) in hypertension group, 4 cases (21.1%) in control group, χ2=3.929, P<0.05; 11 cases (57.9%) in MPI positive group, 12 cases (29.3％) in MPI negative group, χ2=4.501, P<0.05. ④Nineteen hypertension underwent CAG, 11 cases were abnormal, 8 cases were normal. MPI results: 9 cases were ischemia, 10 cases were normal, and they were no statistical difference (χ2=0.25, P>0.05). The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 99Tcm-N-NOET MPI were 72.7％, 87.5％ and 78.9％. Conclusions ①99Tcm-N-NOET exercise and delayed MPI can diagnose whether hypertension patients with myocardial ischemia or not. ② △ LVEF of hypertensive patients reduced, △ LVEF is lower in hypertensive patients of MPI-positive.