乙肝病毒感染患儿细胞因子、血清标志物与HBV-DNA的相关性研究

对95例乙肝病毒（HBV）感染患儿和30例健康儿童用双抗夹心ELISA法检测其IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γ血清水平，同时检测HBV—DNA和HBVM。结果HBsAg携带（ASC组）和慢性乙型肝炎患儿（CHB组）的IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组（两组P值分N〈0．05，〈0．01，〈0．01）。ASC组高病毒载量者IL-10和IFN-γ均显著高于对照组（P值均〈0．01），CHB组高载量者IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γ均显著高于对照组（P值均〈0．01）。ASC组和CHB组IL-10与IL-12、IFN-γ均呈显著正相关，IL-12与IFN-γ呈显著正相关。HBV感染患儿存在异常细胞免疫应答，与HBV—DNA水平密切相关。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg、ALT与HBV-DNA相关性探讨

检测555例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBeAg定量、HBV—DNA及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平，并进行相关性分析。结果发现本组患者HBeAg定量与HBV．DNA定量呈正相关（r为0．457，P〈0．05），血清ALT水平与HBeAg定量和HBV—DNA定量呈负相关（r分别为-0．152、-0．194，P均〈0．05）。认为血清HBeAg、ALT及HBV—DNA三者相互影响，在慢性乙型肝炎诊断中均有重要意义。     

乙型肝炎患者血清IL-10和IFN-γ水平检测及其意义

目的：检测急、慢性乙型肝炎患者血清IL－10和IFN－γ水平,探讨乙型肝炎慢性化的机理。方法：用双抗夹心ELISA法定量检测25例急性乙肝。35例慢性乙肝和30例正常人血清IL－10和IFN－γ水平。结果：慢性乙肝患者血清IL－10浓度明显高于急性乙肝患者（P＜0．01）,且高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）。而慢性乙肝组患者血清IFN－γ浓度明显低于急性乙肝组（P＜0．01）,两组的血清IFN－γ浓度均明显高于正常对照 组（P＜0．01）。慢性乙肝患者血清IFN－γ浓度与ALT有相关性。结论：慢性乙肝患者IL－10水平增高,限制了IFN－γ合成,削弱了其对HBV清除作用,可能是乙型肝炎慢性化机理之一;慢性乙肝患者血清IFN－γ浓度与ALT有相关性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血HBsAg与HBV DNA相关性分析

目的探讨HBeAg（＋）和HBeAg（-）慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血HBsAg与HBV DNA的关系。方法定量检测HBeAg（＋）55例和HBeAg（-）36例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HbsAg和HBV DNA的水平。结果 HBeAg（＋）患者血清HBV DNA、ALT和AST水平较HBeAg（-）患者高（P〈0.05）;HBeAg（＋）患者血清HBsAg水平较HBeAg（-）患者低（P〈0.05）;高水平血清HbsAg患者血清HBV DNA水平低（F=10.096,P〈0.01）;HBeAg（＋）慢性乙型肝炎患者HBsAg与HBV DNA存在负相关（r=-0.796,P〈0.01）,而HBeAg（-）慢性乙型肝炎患者HBsAg与HBV DNA无相关性（r=0.289,P〉0.05）。结论定量检测慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBsAg水平有一定的临床意义。     

HBV 相关慢性肝衰竭患者白介素-17 及白介素-6检测分析

目的：探讨HBV相关慢性肝衰竭（HBV related chronic liver failure，HBV-CLF）患者细胞因子表达及其与预后的关系。方法：采用流式液相多重蛋白定量技术检测HBV—CLF患者及慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者血清IL．17及IL-6水平，并对HBV—CLF患者进行为期24周随访，分为死亡组及存活组。结果：HBV-CLF患者IL-17及IL-6水平高于CHB患者（P〈0．05）；HBV—CLF患者死亡组IL-17水平高于存活组（P〈0．05），两组间IL-6水平之差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：IL．17和IL-6可能与肝衰竭的发病机理有关，其中IL．17水平与患者预后有一定相关性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清IL—40、IL—42、IL—48和IFN—γ的检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎病理过程中细胞因子IL-l0、IL—12、IL—18和IFN-γ血清水平的变化及其临床意义。方法 27例慢性乙型肝炎患者和25例健康人均于清晨空腹采血以双抗夹心EHSA法检测IL—10、IL—12、IL—18和IFN-γ水平并同时检测肝功能和乙肝病毒血清学指标。结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者血清IL—10、IL-l2、IL-l8和IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组(P〈0．01)，其中慢性乙型肝炎重度患者IL—12、IL-l8和IFN-γ水平较轻中度患者显著增高(P值分别〈0．01，〈0．01，＜0．05)；HBeAg阴性组IL-l2和IL—18较HBeAg阳性组明显升高(P值分别＜0．05和＜0．01)，而IL—10和IFN-γ则无明显变化；上述各因子均与血清ALT、T—Bil呈显著正相关(r分别=0．588、0．477，0．520、0．612，0．545、0．855，0．606、0．864)，IL—12还与HBVDNA量呈显著负相关(r＝—0．51)。结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者存在异常的细胞免疫应答，IL—10、IL-l2、IL—18和IFN-γ均参与了慢性乙型肝炎的病理生理过程，并且与肝炎的病情变化密切相关。     

慢性乙型肝炎重叠急性戊型肝炎3种血清细胞因子表达及意义

目的分析慢性乙型肝炎重叠急性戊型肝炎患者血清γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）的表达及临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定慢性乙型肝炎重叠急性戊型肝炎患者（重叠组）、急性戊型肝炎患者（AHE组）、慢性乙型肝炎患者（CHB组）和健康体检者（对照组）的血清IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10水平;分别采用实时荧光PCR和ELISA方法测定重叠组和CHB组的乙肝病毒（HBV）基因定量（HBV DNA）和HBV血清标记物;同时检测重叠组、AHE组和CHB组的主要肝功能指标。结果 重叠组IFN-γ高于CHB组和对照组,IL-10低于CHB组和对照组,IL-2高于CHB组（P〈0.05）;CHB组IL-10高于其他3组（P〈0.05）。重叠组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血清总胆红素（TBIL）高于CHB组,胆碱酯酶（CHE）、白蛋白（ALB）、凝血酶原活动度（PTA）低于CHB组（P〈0.05）。重叠组乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）和HBV DNA阴性率高于CHB组（P=0.00）。重叠组组中HBV-DNA阴性者IFN-γ、IL-2水平高于HBV-DNA阳性者,IL-10水平低于HBV DNA阳性者（P〈0.01）。结论 IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10参与慢性乙型肝炎重叠急性戊型肝炎肝细胞免疫损伤过程;IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10可作为判断重叠感染后肝细胞损伤程度的指标;重叠感染后IFN-γ、IL-2可能影响HBV的复制。     

小儿乙型肝炎病毒标志物与HBV DNA的关系研究

了解小儿乙型肝炎HBVM与HBV DNA含量之间的关系及临床意义.采用微粒子酶免分析法(MEIA)检测HBVM,PCB法检测HBV DNA.乙肝患儿血清HBeAg滴度与HBV DNA密切相关(P＜0.005).HBsAg,ALT与HBVDNA则无关联(P＞0.05).慢性重度乙肝患儿血清HBV DNA水平明显低于慢性轻度(P＜0.001)及慢性中度(P＜0.05).HBVM及HBV DNA定量检测,能准确地评价HBV在宿主体内的复制情况,可作为临床上评价病毒复制程度和抗病毒疗效观察的指标.     

HBeAg、HBV DNA联合定量检测对HBeAg阳性不同程度慢性乙型肝炎的临床意义

目的：探讨 HBeAg与 HBV DNA 联合定量检测对 HBeAg 阳性的不同程度慢性乙型肝炎的临床意义。方法选择47例慢性乙型肝炎、12例乙型肝炎肝硬化和7例肝细胞癌患者）,χ2检验、t检验及秩和检验分析比较两组患者的年龄、性别、肝功能、HBeAg、HBV DNA 等指标。采用 ROC 曲线评价 lgHBV DNA、lgHBeAg、lgHBV DNA/lgHBeAg诊断乙型肝炎肝硬化、肝癌的准确性。结果慢性乙型肝炎组 HBeAg 定量高水平组与低水平组,在性别、年龄、HBV DNA、TBil、ALT、Alb、PT,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HBV DNA 定量高水平组与低水平组在性别、年龄、HBeAg、TBil、ALT、Alb、PT,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。慢性乙型肝炎组的 HBeAg、HBV DNA 水平高于乙肝肝硬化及肝癌组（P〈0.05）。lgHBV DNA/lgHBeAg诊断乙肝肝硬化肝癌的准确性比其中单一种准确性高,最佳截断值12.31,灵敏度0.412,特异度0.867。结论单一 HBeAg作为判断 HBV复制的活跃及预测疾病进展有一定局限性,故在临床联合检测 HBV DNA和 HBeAg定量,对 HBeAg阳性不同程度的慢性乙型肝炎有更好的临床指导意义。     

慢性乙型重型肝炎患者外周血IL-18IL-4、TFNγ变化的研究

分析IL-18、IL-4、IFNγ在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的作用。采用固相夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验检测25例正常人,35例慢性乙型肝炎,45例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者血清IL-18、IL-4、IFNγ的水平。结果发现1.IL-18、IL-4三组间均有显著性差异,IFNγ慢性肝炎与慢重肝无显著性差异,但均显著高于正常对照组;2．IL-18、IL-4生存组显著低于死亡组（P〈0．05）,IFNγ两组间无显著性差异;3．重型肝炎重症期与康复期比较,IL-18、IFNγ康复后均显著性下降（P〈0．05）;4．慢重肝组IL-4与IL-18呈正相关（r=0．6,P〈0．01）;IL-4与IFNγ呈正相关（r=0．54,P〈0．01）,TL—18、IL-4、IFNγ参与了重型肝炎的发病及转归过程,在慢性重型肝炎的免疫病理中有重要作用。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。