人工富氧环境改善急进高原人员睡眠效果的研究

目的 通过研究高原人工富氧环境(简称富氧室)对急进高原人员睡眠的作用,探讨富氧室的抗缺氧效果及其与高原习服的关系. 方法 利用分子筛制氧机在海拔3500 m高原建立富氧室.将18名世居平原人员随机分为富氧组、缺氧组和平原组,每组各6人.平原组不进入高原,富氧组和缺氧组人员乘飞机到达高原后,在未供氧情况下记录2组受试人员的心率和血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2).当晚22:00两组人员分别进入富氧室和普通房间,休息至次日上午9:00通过睡眠呼吸记录分析系统,对受试人员进行监测,在同一时间对平原组也进行监测.数据采集完毕后利用系统自带分析软件进行分析. 结果 ①富氧组供氧后SaO2为92.3%.±1.0%,高于供氧前的82.9%±4.2%和缺氧组的79.3%±5.9%(P<0.01),但低于平原组的97.3%±0.8%(P<0.05),且差异均有统计学意义.心率值在富氧组供氧前后及与缺氧组间差异无统计学意义,但均高于平原组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).②睡眠结构富氧组与缺氧组差异无统计学意义,与平原组比较浅睡眠偏多,深睡眠偏少,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).低通气次数和呼吸紊乱指数平原组低于缺氧组和富氧组(P<0.01);富氧组呼吸紊乱指数低于缺氧组,两组分别为28.1±11.9和53.2±23.4,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).③睡眠期间,富氧组和缺氧组的归一化低频功率和低频与高频的比值分别为89.3±2.9、9.4±2.8和90.2±1.8、9.9±1.9,组间差异无统计学意义,但均高于平原组的85.8±2.9和6.4±1.4,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平原组的归一化高频功率则高于富氧组和缺氧组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 高原富氧室可以有效改善急进高原人员睡眠情况,但对睡眠期间心率变异性未见显著影响,且与高原习服的关系尚待深入研究. Abstract： Objective To study the effects of the artificial oxygen-enriched environment (is called "oxygen-enriched room" in short) on sleep efficiency of the people who participate in the mission on plateau with hurry-up entry,and to investigate the anti-hypoxia effect of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization. Methods Eighteen subjects were randomly and averagety allocated into plain group,oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group.Only the later two groups were dispatched to plateau by air.Molecular sieve oxygenerator was used to supply the room with oxygen on 3500 m plateau.The oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group got into the oxygen-enriched rooms and normal rooms respectively at 22 o' clock and took rest till to 9 o' clock next morning.The changes of heart rate (HR) and the saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2) of three groups were recorded and compared between the states of with and without oxygen enrichment.The subjects were monitored by sleep respiration recording and analysis system. Results ①The SaO2 of the oxygen-enriched group was 92.3%±1.0%,and it was significant higher than the state before oxygen enrichment (82.9%±4.2%) and than that of hypoxia group (79.3%±5.9%,P<0.01),but lower than that of plain group (97.3%±0.8%,P<0.05).②There were less deep sleep and more slight sleep in hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group than in plain group.The hypopnea and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of plain group was significant lower than that of hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group (P<0.05).The AHI of the oxygen-enriched group was 28.1±11.9,and it was significant lower than that of hypoxia group (53.2±23.4)(P<0.05).③The normalized low-frequency (Ln) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) measured in sleep was respectively 89.3±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 in oxygen-enriched group comparing to 90.2±1.8 and 9.9±1.9 in hypoxia group but without statistical difference.The corresponding Ln and LF/HF of plain group was 85.8±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 respectively,significantly higher than those of other two groups (P<0.05).Plain group also showed higher normalized high-frequency than others(P<0.05). Conclusions Oxygen-enriched environment can effectively improve the sleep quality but significantly change heart rate variation (HRV) of the people who participate in the mission with hurry-up entry to plateau.Further studies are still needed to reveal the quantitative effectiveness of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

多层螺旋CT对食管鱼刺异物的诊断价值

Objective To investigate the detection rate and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT scan in detecting fish bone impaction in the esophagus.Methods Experimental group: 30 fresh water fish bones from three variety classes were divided into three groups with length of(23.36±0.15), (28.51±0.07) and (30.89±0.10) mm, and diameter of (4.49±0.31), (1.78±0.09) and (0.49±0.07) mm.The fish bones were put into esophagus models in three different types including parallel, perpendicular and oblique.MSCT with axial scan combined with three dimensional reconstruction technique and plain X-ray film (CR and DR) were used to examine the model.The relations of the number and rate of fish bones were compared between MSCT and X-ray film.Clinical group: MSCT imaging were performed in 20 cases proved by esophageal endoscope or clinical operation, among which 11 cases received plain X-ray film (CR and DR), 15 cases received Barium-soaked cotton and 17 cases received endoscope.Paired Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of detection of fishbone by the different ways.Results In experimental group: All the 90 cases(100%) fish bones of three different species were clearly revealed on MSCT image; only 60 cases(66.7%) fish bones were revealed by plain X-ray film(CR and DR).The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain X-ray film (CR and DR) (X2=28.03, P < 0.01).In clinical group: 20 cases were made right diagnosis by MSCT, and the location and size of fish bone in the esophagus, the surrounding and complications of esophagus could be clearly demonstrated on MSCT image.Two cases detected by plain X-ray film(CR and DR) ;9 cases detected by Barium-soaked cotton;14 cases detected by endoscopy.The number and rate of fish bones detected by MSCT was higher than that of plain Xray film (CR and DR) (X2=7.11, P < 0.05) and Barium-soaked cotton (X2=4.17, P < 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and detection rate of fish bone with MSCT was high and could evaluate the surrounding and complications of the esophagus.MSCT could be used as the first examination of impacted fish bones in the esophagus.     

基于复杂性的说话人识别技术探讨

目的 用非线性方法中的复杂性特征来分析非平稳的语音信号。方法 采用51位被试者讲同一段话的语音数据，语音样本包括两类：同一被试者在不同时刻讲同一段话及不同被试者讲同一段话，分别从复杂性特征曲线和复杂性特征曲线重构的嵌入空间分析处理。结果 同一被试者不同时刻讲同一段话的复杂性曲线间的差异，明显地低于不同被试者讲同一段话的复杂性曲线间的差异。另外，从复杂性特征曲线重构的嵌入空间可以看出，同一说话人的复杂性曲线离散点相对集中于在此嵌入空间中同一区域，而与其他人的特征离散点存在统计学上的明显差异。结论 复杂性分析方法能够用于语音特征分析．具有很广泛的前景．     

医科大学生考试作弊心理分析

目的分析医科大学生考试作弊的心理。方法问卷调查学生是否有过侥幸作弊行为;如果考试不及格允许重修,是否还会作弊;作弊的原因等。结果9.0%的学生经常设法作弊;如果考试不及格允许重修,80.5%的学生表示不会作弊;作弊的原因主要是担心考试不及格(62.5%)。结论 改革考试制度、严肃考风考纪势在必行。     

Studies on the electrodeposition of uranium on aluminium

The electrodeposition method has been used to prepare thick sources of uranium on aluminium. By applying high current density in the ammonium oxalate solution (0.2 M, pH 9.0), containing ²³³U, strongly adherent layers of uranium (0.8 mg/cm²) are deposited. The electrodeposited species is found to be U(IV)-oxalate complex.     

大鼠脑内3H-MK-801结合位点受体放射自显影

目的研究大鼠脑内(第29层面)N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体的分布特征。方法采用     

The global war on terror: four years on

The progress of the global war on terror in the four years since the 9 September 2001 attack on New York and Washington is surveyed, with particular reference to its objective of curtailing the activities of al-Qaida, the situation in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the threat to the United States from the 'axis of evil'. It is suggested that the US is unlikely to withdraw from Iraq in particular because of its dependency upon access to Middle East oil in the foreseeable future, and accordingly that the global war on terror is likely to continue for several years at least.