腹腔镜下膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法动物模型的建立和应用

目的 建立模拟膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法训练的动物模型.方法 体质量30 kg左右的巴马小型猪20只,速眠新10 mg/kg诱导麻醉,3.5%戊巴比妥钠0.25 g/kg术中维持.取仰卧位经脐点穿刺导入CO2制备气腹,放置3个工作套管.游离出尿道蒂,取末端小肠作为代膀胱.按照腹腔镜下膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法步骤完成吻合.6名具有腹腔镜体外模拟训练经验的学员参加培训,根据手术时间评估学员的学习曲线.结果 6名学员在该模型上均成功完成腹腔镜下膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法的各项操作技术.每只模型猪可行3次手术,学员平均接受10次膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法训练,平均手术时间第1次(55.5±10.4)min,第10次(22.4±4.8)min,2次手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 小猪模型末端小肠替代膀胱,反复利用游离尿道蒂可提供多次训练机会,能够使学员尽快掌握腹腔镜下膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法的操作技术.     

腹腔镜下膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法动物模型的建立和应用

Objective To develop and evaluate a porcine model for training the single needle running suture method of laparoscopie urethrovesical anastomosis(LUA). Methods Twenty minipigs with mean weight of 30kg were general anaesthetized with Sumianxin solution 0. 1 ml/kg intramuscularly. Pneumoperitoneum was created by insufflation of carbon dioxide by a veress needle inserted through the umbilicus. One 10mm port and two 5mm ports were positioned after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. The intestine was used as "bladder". The procedures were completed with the single needle running suture method of laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis. Six trainees performed the LUA procedure based on the models during a laparoscopic training course, following the technique used in the operation room. The learning curve was analyzed by operative time. Results The porcine model for laparoscopic training was established successfully and 3 LUAs could be performed on each pig. Each trainee performed 10 LUAs based on the models during the training course of laparoscopic urology. The operative time declined from (55.3±10. 4)min initially to (22.4±4.8)min (P＜0. 01) after the training course. At the end of training, all trainees could accomplish a watertight LUR procedure on the model. Conclusions The establishment of the training model is feasible. The trainees could acquire the skills necessary to perform LUA in vivo based on this model. The model provides a platform for training the basic techniques of LUA procedures.     

腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术膀胱尿道单针连续吻合法

目的 介绍一种简单易行的腹腔镜下膀胱尿道连续吻合法. 方法 前列腺癌患者45例.均行根治性前列腺切除术,并采用单针连续吻合法进行膀胱尿道吻合:首先在膀胱后壁4点处做一单纯全层缝合并打结固定;然后在其附近处另起1针做顺时针膀胱尿道单纯连续缝合;从5点到8点处,每点吻合1针以确保后壁的严密;以后每2点吻合1针;为防止滑脱,每吻合3针做1针锁边吻合;最后在2点处与原预留线尾打第2个结完成吻合.吻合膀胱壁时遵循"由外到内"原则,吻合尿道壁时遵循"由内到外"原则;如出现吻合121漏,则加用单纯缝合来修补. 结果 所有吻合均顺利完成.吻合时间12～25 min,平均16 min.手术时间112～185 min,平均132 min.尿管留置7～14d,平均9 d.3例因发生暂时性漏尿需延长尿管留置时间至2周.44例(97.8%)术后1年内完全尿控,1例(2.2%)因轻微尿失禁每天使用尿垫2片;无尿道缩窄及其他短期或永久性并发症. 结论 单针连续缝合法耗时短,相对简单,易于掌握,并发症并未相应增加.     

腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术动物模型的建立方法

目的 建立训练腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的动物模型. 方法 10只体质量30kg左右小型雌性猪作为实验动物,氯氨酮(10 mg/kg)诱导麻醉,3.5%戊巴比妥钠(0.25 g/kg)术中维持.取仰卧位经脐点穿刺导人CO2制备气腹,放置3个工作套管.游离子宫角以替代扩张的输尿管.按膀胱外黏膜下隧道法(Lich-Gregoir)标准步骤进行手术.4名具有腹腔镜体外模拟训练经验的学员参加培训,根据手术时间评估学员的学习曲线. 结果 能够在该动物模型上成功完成腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的各项操作技术,每侧可进行2次手术.学员接受10次输尿管再植术训练后,平均手术时间从最初的(170±10)min降至(90±4)min(P<0.01),学员均能熟练完成腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术. 结论 该模型利用子宫角替代扩张输尿管提供多次训练机会,能使学员掌握膀胱外黏膜下输尿管膀胱再植术的腔内操作技巧和手术方法.     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合技术

前列腺癌根治术是治疗早期局限型前列腺癌的首选方法。随着腔镜器械的不断发展及手术技术的持续改进,腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术已成为治疗局限型前列腺癌的标准术式,它除了具有与开放手术一样的治疗效果外,还具有创伤小、恢复快的微创优势,迅速在国内大中型医院广泛开展。膀胱尿道吻合是腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中最关键的步骤之一,如何减少膀胱尿道吻合的难度,提高手术效率并保证吻合的质量,是国内外泌尿外科专家所一直关注并期待解决的课题。本文总结了近几年国内外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合的技术改进和我们自身手术经验,与广大泌尿外科同行共飨。     

腹腔镜下新膀胱、尿道索结连续缝合吻合法

我们采用索结连续缝合法在腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术和根治性膀胱前列腺切除一原位肠道新膀胱术中进行膀胱、尿道吻合，吻合方法简单、快捷、安全。现报告如下。     

食管悬吊法食管空肠吻合在完全腹腔镜全胃切除术中的应用

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜全胃切除术(TLTG)中采用食管悬吊法行食管空肠手工缝合的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2017年1月17例行TLTG食管悬吊法食管空肠手工缝合患者资料(悬吊组),并与同期17例行TLTG传统手工缝合的患者临床资料(传统组)比较。结果:两组患者术前资料具有可比性,34例手术均成功完成,无中转开腹。与传统组比较,悬吊组术中指标除切口长度无统计学差异(3.75cmvs.3.79cm,P=0.142),手术时间(198.35minvs.211.65min)、吻合时间(27.82minvs.48.74min)、出血量(49.68mLvs.50.85mL)均明显降低(均P0.05);术后指标包括排气时间(2.61dvs.2.78d)、疼痛评分(3.21vs.3.89)、住院时间(9.77dvs.10.32d)均明显减少(均P0.05)。两组患者均未出现术后相关并发症。结论:TLTG中采用食管悬吊法行食管空肠手工缝合安全、有效,且近期效果优于传统手工缝合。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合技术的改进及展望

前列腺癌根治术是治疗早期局限型前列腺癌的首选方法。随着腔镜器械的不断发展及手术技术的持续改进,腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术已成为治疗局限型前列腺癌的标准术式,它除了具有与开放手术一样的治疗效果外,还具有创伤小、恢复快的微创优势,迅速在国内大中型医院广泛开展。膀胱尿道吻合是腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中最关键的步骤之一,如何减少膀胱尿道吻合的难度,提高手术效率并保证吻合的质量,是国内外泌尿外科专家所一直关注并期待解决的课题。本文总结了近几年国内外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合的技术改进和我们自身手术经验,与广大泌尿外科同行共飨。     

两种腹腔镜下膀胱尿道吻合训练模型的比较

目的 与鸡皮模型对比,验证利用鸡躯干、泄殖腔和猪大肠构建的新型腹腔镜下膀胱尿道吻合训练模型的训练功效. 方法 采用鸡的后半部躯干模拟人盆腔,3 mm泄殖腔残端模拟人尿道残端,15 cm猪结肠段模拟人膀胱或新膀胱.材料置人腹腔镜训练箱中,运用腹腔镜器械进行腹腔镜下膀胱尿道间断性吻合的模拟训练.40名无腹腔镜手术经验的学员随机分为2组.A组20名,采用新模型训练8 h;B组20名,采用鸡皮模型训练8 h.训练前、后采用动物模型测试学员完成腹腔镜下膀胱尿道吻合的时间和质量. 结果 与鸡皮模型相比,新型训练模型更好地模拟了人盆腔、尿道残端和膀胱、新膀胱的形态、结构和性状.训练后2组在测试中完成速度[实验组:(64±11)min与(123±20)min,P＜0.05;对照组:(77±12)min与(121±17)min,P＜0.05]和吻合质量(实验组:8.8±1.0与3.8±1. 2,P＜0.05;对照组:7.7±0.9与3.7±1.1,P＜0.05)均有较大提高,而训练后实验组学员比对照组所需的完成时间更短(P＜0.05),吻合质量更高(P＜0.05). 结论 新型腹腔镜下膀胱尿道吻合训练模型能有效帮助泌尿外科医生掌握腹腔镜下膀胱尿道吻合技术,提高腹腔镜下缝合技巧.     

双手吻合法在全腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位新膀胱尿道吻合术中的应用

全腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术中新膀胱尿道吻合术多为单手操作, 本研究改良运用双手吻合法对10例膀胱癌患者进行手术, 均顺利完成。术后随访3～15个月, 患者排尿通畅, 未见吻合口瘘、狭窄。该法行新膀胱尿道吻合术的效果满意。     

Facilitating the technique of laparoscopic running urethrovesical anastomosis using Lapra-ty absorbable suture clips

We herein describe a simplified technique for performing laparoscopic running urethrovesical anastomosis using Lapra-ty absorbable suture clips (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) during a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Using two 20 cm absorbable sutures tied together and locked with Lapra-ty at their tail ends, the initiating mattress sutures are placed in the 5:30-6:30-o'clock area between the urethra and the bladder neck. The left and right running sutures are then made clockwise from the 6:30-12-o'clock position and counterclockwise from the 5:30-12-o'clock position, respectively. Both sutures are locked with proper tension by Lapra-ty at the 3, 9 and 12-o'clock positions, and then they are intracorporeally tied together just at the 12-o'clock position. In the initial 20 cases, this anastomosis took 22.5 min on average to perform. We experienced no major urine extravasation and no anastomotic stricture to date.     

A simplified 5-step model for training laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis

PURPOSE: We developed a training model and program aimed at improving the skills of urologists with no previous experience in laparoscopy to perform a running suture urethrovesical anastomosis as is done during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our program is performed on a pelvic trainer with a videolaparoscopic unit and consists of passage of a ligature, intracorporal knotting, intracorporal suturing, linear anastomosis and circular running suture anastomosis. The trainees performed the first 3 tasks during the initial lessons and then advanced to the 2 final tasks. At the end of each lesson time was recorded and progression curve was plotted for each participant for each task. The end point of the study was participant ability to perform an accurate circular anastomosis. Logarithmic regression analysis was used to assess the significance of progression. RESULTS: All 10 urologists who participated in this study showed a rapid and significant decrease in the time required to perform the first 3 tasks accurately. The participants were able to perform a linear anastomosis after 3 to 5 lessons and an accurate circular anastomosis after 5 to 10 lessons. CONCLUSIONS: By using this model and dividing a complicated surgical step to simplified tasks, we were able to improve trainee performance significantly in a short time. A training program for basic and advanced laparoscopic skills should be incorporated into the syllabus of urologists-in-training and available to those who wish to gain experience in laparoscopic surgery.     

Single-knot running suture anastomosis (one-knot pyeloplasty) for laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty: training model on a porcine bladder and clinical results

Objectives  

The one-knot running ureteropelvic anastomosis is a modification of the single-knot running suture that was previously described for urethrovesical anastomosis. In this study, we present a novel porcine model for laparoscopic pyeloplasty training and report the results obtained in patients who underwent one-knot pyeloplasty.