697名男大学生约会暴力问题调查

目的 初步了解男大学生约会暴力发生情况.方法 采用横断面回顾性调查方法,以某大学的学生为调查对象,就有关约会中暴力发生情况进行不记名自填式问卷调查.结果 在被调查的697名男生中,有73.5%(512/697)报告有过约会.在有约会的512名男生中,在调查前的12个月中,有29.7%曾对异性恋人/约会的异性朋友施加过躯体暴力(7.0%)、或精神暴力(27.7%)、或性暴力(2.1%),有25.2%曾受到对方的躯体暴力(10.4%)、或精神暴力(21.9%)、或性暴力(1.6%)的攻击.童年期有被父母体罚情感虐待经历的学生,约会暴力的发生率明显偏高.结论 大学男生中约会暴力问题并非少见.重视开展以学校和社区为基础的预防教育与健康服务.     

吉林省某高校大学生约会暴力调查

目的探讨大学生约会暴力的特点,为实施针对性的大学生恋爱教育提供理论参考。方法以吉林省某高校1 357名大学生为调查对象,就有关约会中暴力发生情况进行不记名自填式问卷调查。结果 57.33%(778/1 357)的学生在调查前1年中有过和异性朋友单独约会。在有过约会经历的大学生中,发生过约会暴力者278人,占35.73%(278/778)。在有过约会经历的大学生中,男生约会暴力发生率为32.21%(163/506),女生约会暴力发生率为42.28%(115/272),男女生约会暴力发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.81,P=0.005)。女生在约会过程中的躯体暴力发生率为19.12%(52/272),男生躯体暴力发生率为12.06%(61/506),二者相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.10,P=0.008)。5.34%(27/506)的男生曾经非常用力地徒手打恋人或约会的异性朋友,而女生发生这一行为的比例是12.13%(33/272),二者相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.46,P=0.000)。7.71%(39/506)的男生曾遭受对方非常用力地徒手打,女生遭受这一行为的比例是8.46%(23/272),二者相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.14,P=0.708)。21.15%(107/506)的男生曾对约会对象实施过精神暴力,27.94%(76/272)的女生曾对约会对象实施过精神暴力,二者相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.53,P=0.033)。23.52%(119/506)的男生遭受过约会对象的精神暴力攻击,26.84%(73/272)的女生曾遭受约会对象的精神暴力攻击,二者相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.06,P=0.303)。2.77%(14/506)的男生曾经历过约会性暴力,2.21%(6/272)的女生曾经历过约会性暴力,二者相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.22,P=0.639)。2.37%(12/506)的男生曾用威胁或武力等手段在约会中与约会对象发生性行为,女生发生这一行为的比例是0.39%(1/272),二者相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.09,P=0.787)。1.38%(7/506)的男生曾迫于约会对象的威胁或武力与对方发生过性行为,女生发生这一行为的比例是2.21%(6/272),二者相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.32,P=0.572)。结论大学生约会暴力问题较为普遍,已严重影响部分学生的身心健康,应引起全社会广泛重视,针对性做好健康教育。     

河北省某大专学生约会暴力经历与心理健康问题关联

[目的]了解大专学生约会暴力发生情况,探讨约会暴力经历对大学生心理健康的影响.[方法]用自填式问卷,于2007年4月对河北某大专学校1 762名学生就有关约会暴力经历进行不记名问卷调查.[结果]在被调查的1 762名大学生中,有722人最近1年内有约会暴力经历(受到约会伴侣的暴力攻击或/和对约会伴侣施暴),发生总率为41.0%.其中,男生发生率为47.0%,高于女生的37.3%(x2=16.17,P=0.000).男生施暴行为发生率为38.8%,高于女生的33.6%(x2=4.77,P=0.029).男生受到约会暴力攻击发生率为39.1%,高于女生的发生率22.7%(x2=54.32,P=0.000).与没有约会暴力经历的学生比较,有约会暴力经历学生躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子得分≥1的检出率高,自尊量表的平均得分值低,差异有统计学意义.[结论]在我国大学生约会暴力现象常见,是影响心理健康的一个重要因素.     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

  目的  了解大学生约会暴力现状,探讨自我控制水平、对约会暴力的态度与施暴行为的关系。  方法  于2018年3 — 6月,采取整群抽样方法选取4所大学2 264名学生作为调查对象,采用约会暴力问卷、自我控制简明版量表、约会暴力态度问卷进行调查。  结果  2 264名调查对象中,施暴经历阳性报告率为68.77 %,其中男生为62.88 %,女生为73.68 %,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 5.87,P = 0.018）;三、四年级总体报告率高于一、二年级（χ² = 16.21,P = 0.035）。其中,70.26 %的大学生对对方实施过 ≥ 3次的暴力行为。施暴类型中,精神暴力报告率最高,为78.68 %,其次为躯体暴力报告率（57.88 %）及性暴力报告率（9.57 %）。其中,女生实施精神暴力的行为明显高于男生（χ² = 16.492,P = 0.016）,而在性胁迫方面,男生施暴行为显著高于女生（χ² = 11.02,P = 0.000）。施暴行为发生的常见原因为出现分歧双方沟通不良时（65.06 %）,缺乏自尊和尊重他人、言行举止不当（57.29 %）,不守时、不守信（52.41 %）。相对于无施暴行为者,施暴经历阳性组的自我控制得分明显偏低（t = 2.89,P = 0.016）,约会暴力态度问卷得分较高,差异有统计学意义（t = 6.85,P = 0.000）。  结论  大学生约会暴力行为发生率较高,低自我控制能力、对约会暴力的接受度与施暴行为密切相关。     

中华医学会系列杂志已标注数字对象惟一标识符

数字对象惟一标识符(digital object identifier,D01)是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。     

大学生暴力遭遇情况调查

目的调查高校大学生暴力遭遇发生情况,为制定大学生暴力预防措施提供科学依据。方法以长沙市的某师范类和公安类2所本科院校的1 365名大学生为研究对象,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对曾经或过去12个月内的暴力遭遇发生情况进行匿名问卷调查,分析大学生暴力遭遇的特点。结果被调查对象中暴力遭遇发生率为75.2%。其中,精神暴力、躯体暴力和性暴力遭遇发生率分别为72.5%,30.8%和28.3%;娱乐场所是遭遇暴力的主要场所,占43.8%;遭遇暴力的对象主要来自陌生人,占27.2%。结论大学生暴力遭遇发生率较高,应给予足够的重视,采取针对性的措施进行干预。     

某大专学校女生约会暴力发生情况调查

目的 了解大专女生约会暴力发生情况,为今后深入开展青少年约会暴力问题研究及预防工作提供参考依据.方法 采用自填式问卷,于2007年4月对河北某大专学校1 094名女生有关约会暴力经历进行不记名问卷调查.结果 在被调查的1 094名大专女生中,有368名(33.6%)女生报告在约会中曾对恋人实施暴力行为;有248名(22.7%)女生报告在约会中曾受到恋人的暴力攻击;有408名(37.3%)报告曾对恋人或约会的异性朋友施暴或受到对方的暴力攻击.儿童期有家庭暴力经历的学生约会暴力发生率明显高于无家庭暴力的学生.结论 约会暴力在大学女生中并非少见,提示青少年约会暴力问题值得关注.     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

目的 了解大学生恋爱中的性行为和亲密伴侣暴力行为情况,探讨亲密伴侣暴力与大学生其他部分心理行为的关系.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,对合肥和芜湖市3所高校2575名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括恋爱情况、遭受亲密伴侣暴力情况、抑郁症状、自尊、学校生活满意度和自杀相关心理行为.x2检验和方差分析探讨不同恋爱经历大学生心理行为状况的差异.结果 2575名大学生中46.9%有过恋爱经历;男生高于女生,大二、三年级学生高于大一年级学生(x2值分别为44.13、161.84,P值均<0.05).目前正在恋爱的大学生中21.1%报告与现在的恋人发生过性行为,其中仅有21.8%(34/156)每次都使用安全套,11.5%(18/156)从不采用任何避孕措施,18.6%(29/156)与现在恋人(女友)发生性行为而怀孕,孕后到正规医院进行处理的比例仅占48.3%(14/29).有过恋爱经历的大学生中,遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力、总暴力的报告率分别为18.0%、33.6%、5.1%、37.1%;男生遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、总暴力的比例均高于女生,女生遭受性暴力的比例高于男生(x2值分别为70.21、13.25、14.04、5.77,P值均<0.05).在遭受过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生中,有74.2%(345/446)经历过3次以上亲密伴侣暴力.经历过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生抑郁症状得分最高,自尊和学校生活满意度得分最低(F值分别为4.00、16.39和8.76,P值均<0.05),自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂的报告率均最高(x2值分别为13.80、9.72、8.52、11.96,P值均<0.05).结论 大学生恋人间性行为发生率较高,且保护意识缺乏;大学生亲密伴侣暴力现象较常见,且与其他不良心理行为关系密切.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of love affairs and intimate partner violence,and to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and other mental health and risk behavior in college students.Methods Three universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Hefei and Wuhu.Totally.2575 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire.Intimate partner violence,depression,satisfaction of school life,self-esteem,suicidal psychology and behavior were evaluated to estimate the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health/risk behavior.Results There were 46.9%students reported that they had intimate partner currently or in the past.The rate of having intimate partner in male students was higher than that in female students(x2=44.13,P<0.001).And the rates were higher in sophomores and juniors than in freshmen(x2=161.84,P<0.05).There were 21.1% students had sexual behavior with their intimate partners.But only 21.8%(34/156)intimate partners reported that they used condom every time.There were 11.5%(18/156)intimate partners reported that they never took any contraception.There were 18.6%(29/156)students reported that they were pregnant or led to their girlfriend becoming pregnant,but only less than 50.0% adolescents induced abortion in a legal hospitals.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,sexual coercion,the total intimate partner violence were 18.0%,33.6%,5.1%.37.1%.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,total intimate partner violence in male adolescents were higher than those in female adolescents,but the rate of sexual coercion was on the contrary(x2=70.21,13.25,14.04,5.77,P<0.05).Among the intimate partners who had suffered from intimate partner,74.2%(345/446)students had underwent more than 3 times.and 47.1% had underwent more than 2 types of intimate partner violence.The score of depression was highest in the victims of intimate partner violence,but the scores of self-esteem and school life satisfaction were on the contrary(F=4.00,16.39,8.76,P<0.05).The rates of suicidal ideation,suicidal plan,suicidal preparative and attempted suicide were highest in the victims of intimate partner violence(x2=13.80,9.72,8.52,11.96,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of having sexual behavior with their intimate partners was high in college students,but their self-protection awareness was insufficient.In the present study,a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among university students was observed,and highlighted a need for attention to the other mental health and risk behavior in adolescents with intimate partner violence.     

某院校大专男生约会暴力发生情况

约会暴力(dating violence)是在约会(或恋爱)关系中一方指从躯体、性或心理方面故意控制或支配对方,造成一定程度伤害的任何行为[1].大学生群体中的约会暴力包括性侵犯、身体损害、精神暴力等多个方面;不仅指男性对女性的侵犯,也包括女性对男性.为此,笔者于2013年5月对山东省某学院443名成年男生进行了约会暴力发生情况的问卷调查,同时进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试,拟探讨约会暴力经历对学生心理健康的影响.     

唐山市大学生遭受身体及心理暴力的影响因素分析

目的 分析在校大学生遭受身体及心理暴力的发生情况及其影响因素。方法 选取唐山市3所大学的2937名在校大学生进行问卷调查。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归模型,分析身体及心理暴力的影响因素。结果 大学生身体暴力、心理暴力发生率分别为4.8%、18.2%。单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归显示,恋爱、网络成瘾、有暴力经历的大学生发生心理暴力的风险较高;女性、家庭和睦的大学生发生心理暴力的风险较低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在谈恋爱、网络成瘾、有暴力经历的大学生发生身体暴力的风险较高;女性、家庭和睦、双亲家庭发生身体暴力风险较低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 大学生心理暴力发生率高于身体暴力发生率,性别、恋爱、网络成瘾、暴力经历、家庭和睦是发生身体暴力与心理暴力的共同影响因素。     

大学生恋爱及恋爱暴力行为发生情况

目的 探讨大学生恋爱及恋爱暴力的发生情况,为大学生恋爱暴力行为干预提供依据.方法 以班级为单位,整群随机选取南京、长沙、湘潭和贵阳等地14所高校3380名大学生为调查对象,对大学生恋爱、恋爱暴力行为进行匿名问卷调查,分析恋爱暴力的特点.结果 3380名大学生中,42.4％有过恋爱经历,10.4％有过性经历.恋爱大学生中精神暴力发生率为65.6％,躯体暴力发生率为36.3％,性胁迫发生率为11.0％,伤害发生率为14.5％.50％以上个体同时经历2种以上形式的暴力,精神暴力、躯体暴力以同时有施暴和受虐经历者最多.女生恋爱躯体暴力施暴多于男生,男生的精神暴力受虐多于女生;男生有更多性胁迫行为,女生更多性胁迫受害,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 大学生中恋爱暴力发生率较高,应当早期采取相应干预措施进行预防.     

Factors associated with recognition of the signs of dating violence by Japanese junior high school students

ObjectivesThis study investigated factors associated with the ability of Japanese junior high school students to recognize the signs of dating violence.MethodsDuring a period of 20 months (from June 2011 to January 2013), a survey was distributed to 3340 students aged 13–15 years in the second and third grades at 18 junior high schools in a Japanese prefecture. The survey examined gender, recognition of the signs of dating violence, knowledge of dating violence, self-esteem, attitudes toward sexual activity, attitudes toward an equal dating relationship, and relationships with school teachers. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of the ability of boys and girls respondents to recognize the signs of physical and psychological dating violence. Binary  multiple logistic regression analysis was also performed to identify predictors of the ability of boys and girls respondents to recognize the sign of sexual dating violence. The Ethics Committee of Saga University Medical School approved the study protocol.ResultsA total of 3050 (91.3 %) students participated in this study (1547 boys and 1503 girls). Gender differences were noted with regard to the scores for some of the variables measured. The results indicated that boys who had more knowledge of dating violence, who focused on an equal dating relationship, and had a positive relationship with their teachers showed a greater ability to recognize the signs of dating violence. In addition, boys with a conservative attitude toward sexual activity showed a greater ability to recognize the signs of physical and sexual violence. Furthermore, girls with more knowledge of dating violence had a conservative attitude toward sexual activity, and girls who focused on an equal dating relationship showed greater ability to recognize the signs of dating violence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that education programs to prevent dating violence should promote understanding about dating violence with consideration of gender differences and should foster better relations between students and teachers, as well as promoting the establishment of an equal dating relationship between boys and girls.     

大学生医疗保险筹资研究

把大学生纳入城镇居民基本医疗保险的目的是通过社会统筹基金分担大学生的医疗费用,由社会承担大学生的医疗保障责任,实质是由当地居民代替高校给大学生医疗保险买单。这样不但不公平,而且由于城镇居民基本医疗保险筹资水平较低,也无法真正提高大学生的医疗保障水平。建立由政府、学校和家庭三方共同分担大学生医疗费用的医疗保险制度,增加政府和学校的投入,是解决大学生医疗保障的有效途径。     

Contraceptive responsibility among male university students.

The male contribution to contraceptive mismanagement and unwanted pregnancy was assessed among 109 students at the University of Melbourne in Australia. The survey was conducted 3 months prior to annual examinations. The interview focused on a range of subjects including socioeconomic data, extent of formal sex education, patterns of sexual behavior both in the past and in the present, contraception used within various types of relationships, reasons for contraceptive choice, and involvement in unwanted pregnancy. The age range of the subjects was 17-35. 84% (92) of the men had experienced heterosexual intercourse. 2 main types of relationships emerged: an emotionally committed and usually long-term relationship and a usually brief and "casual" relationship. 30% of all subjects thought that females should always be responsible for contraception. 31% believed that contraception was a joint responsibility in steady relationships but the female's responsibility in casual relationships. 35% of all subjects felt that both partners had an equal responsibility in preventing conception irrespective of the type of relationship. 4 men believed that contraception was always the male's responsibility. Contraceptive technique was rated adequate for 32% of the 92 sexually experienced men who always relied on either condoms, diaphragms, IUDs, oral contraceptives, or sterilization. Intermittent contraceptive use was reported by 60% of sexually experienced men who alternated betwen reliable and unreliable methods. Almost 1/5 of the sexually experienced men reported that they had been involved in an unwanted pregnancy.     

云南高校大学生健康保健需求的调查与分析

目的了解云南省在校大学生的健康状况和保健需求,进一步充实人体健康公选课,提高大学生健康素养。方法采取整群抽样的方法应用自制问卷调查表对181名人体健康公选课的综合院校大学生进行问卷调查,采用百分率、χ2检验进行统计描述与分析,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果有健康保健欲望,想获得保健、急救、用药安全和预防传染病等知识的学生超过95%;希望了解的疾病种类较多;平衡膳食、睡眠正常、安排时间锻炼身体的人数均不超过50%;情绪积极乐观36.5%,情绪感觉一般51.9%,情绪悲观失望、易激动和焦虑13.8%;希望与更多人交往的占92.3%,不愿与人交往的占7.2%;与同学关系和睦的占91.2%,与同学关系一般的占8.3%;男女生在情绪和交往方面的比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.84,P〉0.05）;男女生与同学关系方面的比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.69,P〈0.01）;男女生在情绪积极乐观,情绪感觉一般,情绪悲观失望、易激动和焦虑三类情绪比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=20.81、39.39,P均〈0.05）。结论云南高校学生有较强的保健愿望,希望了解疾病种类的较多,学校应加强在校学生健康素养的培养。     

哈尔滨市大学生自杀意念调查及其影响因素研究

目的 了解哈尔滨市大学生自杀意念发生情况,分析其影响因素.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,用自编自杀意念、行为及危险因素调查表、自杀接受程度量表和社会支持量表作为工具对黑龙江省6所高校(哈尔滨工程大学、哈尔滨医科大学、黑龙江大学、黑龙江科技学院、哈尔滨师范大学和哈尔滨工业大学)的5240名学生进行问卷调查,评估大学生自杀意念的发生率及在不同困境下考虑自杀的可能性.结果 哈尔滨市大学生中有9.1%的人曾经有过自杀意念,1%的人有自杀未遂行为.logistic回归分析显示自杀意念的影响因素有性别、专业、父母关系、社会支持情况、对自杀的接受情况以及自杀未遂既往史.结论 大学生自杀意念现状不容忽视,为减少大学生自杀行为应采取针对性措施提高大学生心理健康水平.     

Sexual behavior among university students in Nigeria

Sexual behavior patterns among Nigerian university students and factors influencing them were studied. While premarital cohabitation is common, a large percentage (48%) had their first coital experience between the ages of 22 and 27. Religion does not appear to have a strong inhibiting influence on premarital sex, although it does affect the frequency of changing partners. Contraceptives, although known to almost all the respondents, are not widely used. The use of contraceptives had little influence on premarital cohabitation. Oral-genital, male-male, and female-female sexual practices are very uncommon.     

大学生自杀行为相关因素比较分析

目的 了解大学生自杀发生率,分析影响自杀行为的相关因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,问卷调查9808名大学生的自杀行为发生情况及相关因素.结果 自杀未遂的报告率为1.7%;有无自杀未遂的大学生在自杀态度、所认识的人发生自杀行为的情况及所遭受负性生活事件方面均有显著差异.多因素logistic回归分析显示,主要影响自杀行为的危险因素是:近一年感到绝望的频率高(OR=4.23,95%CI:3.05～5.85),一级亲属有过自杀行为(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.72～4.73),认识的人中有自杀行为(OR=2.82,95%CI:2.05-3.88),已发生过性行为(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.88～3.96),近一个月因心理问题对学习或日常生活有影响(OR=2.53,95%CI:1.80～3.56),女性(OR=2.47,95%CI:1.77～3.45)及其他有血缘关系的亲属有过自杀行为(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.63～3.41).结论 大学生的自杀行为受心理、生物、社会因素的共同作用,必须采取针对性措施对自杀行为实施有效干预.