慢性肾脏病患者游离脂肪酸与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系

目的 研究慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平的变化及其与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系.方法 对188例CKD患者[非透析治疗130例,血液透析(HD)58例]的临床及实验室资料作回顾性研究,采用酶比色法检测FFA,应用颈动脉超声检查颈动脉病变的程度,同时检测高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNFα水平,分析FFA水平与此细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系.结果 CKD患者无论透析与否,FFA水平较健康对照组显著升高[(492.63±143.59)比(302.65±142.18)μmol/L,P＜0.01],在非透析CKD患者中,随着肾功能的逐渐减退,血FFA水平也逐渐升高,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且HD组FFA水平较非透析CKD 5期更高(P＜0.05).CKD患者hsCRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNFα水平均显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块形成、颈动脉硬化的患病率较健康对照组显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),HD组上述指标较非透析CKD5期均更高(P＜0.05).直线相关分析显示,血FFA水平与hsCRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNFα、TG及IMT、斑块形成、颈动脉硬化的患病率呈正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与GFR呈负相关(P＜0.05).多因素逐步回归分析显示,FFA、hsCRP和年龄是CKD患者颈动脉病变的独立危险因素.结论 非透析CKD及HD患者血清FFA水平均显著升高,且与hsCRP等微炎性反应的指标及颈动脉病变相关,提示高游离脂肪酸血症是CKD患者并发动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一.     

慢性肾脏病患者游离脂肪酸与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系

Objective To investigate the serum level of free fatty acid (FFA) and explore its relationship with cytokines and atherosclerosis (AS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods The serum level of FFA was determined with enzymatic colorimetry.IL-1 β, IL-6 and TNFα were determined with ELISA.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured with immunoturbidimetry.Prevalence of atherosclerosis was detected with carotid ultrasonography.We evaluated the relationship between serum levels of FFA and IL-1β,IL-6, TNFα, hsCRP as well as the renal function in 130 adult patients with CKD, stratified according to the GFR ( based on the National Kidney Foundation/Kidney Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiatives) and in 58 hemodialytic (HD) patients.The relationship between FFA level and cardiac geometry incidence in CKD patients was analyzed with logistic regression model.Results The serum level of FFA was significantly higher in CKD patients as compared with that in the healthy controls [(492.63 ± 143.59)vs (302.65 ± 142.18) μ mol/L, P ＜ 0.01], even in the early stage of CKD.The level of FFA increased with the progression of renal dysfunction.In the non-dialytic CKD group, the level of FFA was negatively related to GFR and positively related to the proteinuria (P ＜ 0.05), while in the HD group, it was positively correlated with dialysis duration ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The serum levels of FFA were higher in CKD patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis than those in patients without ( P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).However, in both groups with impairment of renal function, the levels of FFA were positively correlated with hsCRP, IL-1 β, IL-6,TNFα and TG( all P ＜ 0.05 ).A positive correlation between the level of FFA and the clinical manifestations such as carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) and AS was also found.A negative correlation was found between the level of FFA and the serum level of albumin and GFR( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of FFA are significantly higher either in non-dialytic CKD or in HD patients and it is related with hsCRP, IL-1 β, IL-6, TNFα as well as carotid artery atherosclerosis, indicating that FFA is an independent risk factor of AS in CKD.     

原发性高血压合并代谢综合征患者游离脂肪酸对颈动脉内-中膜厚度的影响

目的探讨原发性高血压(高血压)合并代谢综合征(metabolism syndrome,MS)患者的血清游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)浓度对颈动脉内-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)的影响。方法选择高血压合并MS患者69例(MS组);单纯高血压57例(非MS组),另外选取健康体检者50名作为对照组。检测所有患者的血清FFA、体质量指数、颈动脉IMT及IMT增厚发生率情况。结果 MS组的体质量指数、三酰甘油、空腹血糖浓度均高于非MS组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MS组血清FFA浓度高于非MS组及对照组,差异有统计学意义[(562.11±55.12)μmol/L vs.(402.65±49.53)μmol/L,P0.01;(562.11±55.12)μmol/L vs.(356.23±45.93)μmol/L,P0.01]。MS组颈动脉IMT高于非MS组及对照组,差异有统计学意义[(1.10±0.13)mm vs.(0.82±0.12)mm,P0.01;(1.10±0.13)mm vs.(0.70±0.11)mm,P0.01]。MS组颈动脉IMT增厚发生率显著高于非MS组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(29.3%vs.21.8%,P0.01;29.3%vs.5.0%,P0.01)。结论高血压伴MS患者的血清FFA浓度升高使颈动脉IMT增厚,促进MS患者动脉粥样硬化的形成。     

2型糖尿病患者游离脂肪酸水平与认知功能障碍的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平与认知功能障碍的关系。方法选择183例患者,根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果分为T2DM组80例、葡萄糖耐量异常(IGT)组45例和葡萄糖耐量正常(NGT)组58例,行空腹游离脂肪酸(fFFA)、2h游离脂肪酸(2hFFA)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)测定。结果T2DM组患者fFFA、2hFFA高于NGT组和IGT组[(0.65±0.30)mmol/L vs(0.55±0.27)mmol/L和(0.43±0.19)mmol/L,P=0.001,(0.31±0.15)mmol/L vs(0.22±0.14)mmol/L和(0.11±0.13)mmol/L,P=0.000],MoCA评分低于NGT组和IGT组[(16.01±11.62)分vs(22.34±6.42)分和(27.21±2.83)分,P=0.000];fFFA、2hFFA与MoCA评分呈负相关(r=-0.891,-0.469,P<0.05)。结论 fFFA、2hFFA与胰岛素抵抗及糖尿病患者认知功能障碍存在一定的相关性。     

急性脑梗死患者血清游离脂肪酸和铁蛋白水平变化及其临床意义

目的观察急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)和铁蛋白(SF)水平变化,探讨其临床意义。方法选择我院2011—2013年收治的ACI患者95例,依据梗死灶直径分为大面积组41例(梗死灶直径≥5cm)和小面积组54例(梗死灶直径5 cm);选取同期在我院体检健康者50例为对照组。检测95例ACI患者入院次日(急性期)、出院当日(恢复期)晨起,对照组受检者体检当天晨起血清FFA和SF水平。结果大面积组血清FFA和SF水平均高于小面积组、对照组,小面积组均高于对照组(P0.05)。95例ACI患者急性期血清FFA和SF水平均高于恢复期(P0.05)。直线相关分析结果显示,ACI患者血清FFA水平与血清SF水平呈正相关(r=0.509,P0.01)。结论 ACI患者血清FFA和SF水平升高,SF和FFA可能共同参与了ACI的发生、发展。     

脑卒中高危人群血清游离脂肪酸与颈动脉狭窄的关系研究

目的 探讨游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)危险因素与颈动脉狭窄之间的相关性。方法 回顾性分析杭州市下城区朝晖街道530例脑卒中高危患者,其中男性211例,女性319例,平均年龄(71.29±7.02)岁。按照患者血清FFA水平分为第一分位数组177例,第二分位数组177例,第三分位数组176例。采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检查颈动脉血管狭窄程度。结果logistic回归分析显示,FFA是脑卒中患者颈动脉狭窄病变的独立危险因素(OR=1.003,95%CI:1.001~1.005,P=0.001)。第一分位数组、第二分位数组和第三分位数组体质量指数异常,血压异常,血糖异常,TG异常以及HDL异常的颈动脉狭窄形成率均高于危险因素校正后的第一分位数组。结论脑卒中高危人群颈动脉狭窄与血清FFA水平密切相关,同时提示高水平FFA合并高血压、血糖异常、血脂异常等危险因素对颈动脉狭窄的发生具有促进作用。     

高血压合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素与游离脂肪酸谱等代谢参数关系研究

目的 研究原发性高血压合并代谢综合征和未合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平、游离脂肪酸谱特征及与其他糖脂代谢参数间关系.方法 用放射免疫分析法测定128例高血压合并或未合并代谢综合征患者与43例正常对照组血清脂联素,同时用气相色谱/质谱测定其游离脂肪酸成分.结果 高血压合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素低于未合并代谢综合征组和正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),总脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸(亚油酸、油酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、花生三烯酸)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和n6PUFA高于未合并代谢综合征组和正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).在研究对象中,脂联素与体重指数、腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.222,-0.235,-0.179,-0.194,P＜0.01或P＜0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关(r=0.336,P＜0.01).总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸与体重指数、腰围、空腹血糖、平均血压呈正相关(r=0.241和0.280,0.198和0.188,0.226和0.298,0.274和0.334,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 脂联素与游离脂肪酸代谢紊乱、n6系多不饱和脂肪酸升高,可能在原发性高血压合并代谢综合征的发病中起重要作用.     

妊娠糖尿病患者血游离脂肪酸与β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的关系

检测36例孕24～36周妊娠糖尿病患者和同期30例健康孕妇凌晨3:00、5:00及75 g葡萄糖负荷后血游离脂肪酸和胰岛素水平,比较两组胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌功能.结果提示凌晨及糖负荷后高游离脂肪酸均与妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗相关[胰岛素:(7.18±3.19)对(5.05±1.80)mIU/L(3:00)、(8.19±4.42)对(5.31±1.82)mIU/L(5:00)、(59.18±30.85)对(40.52±15.07)mIU/L(糖负荷后);游离脂肪酸:(0.39±0.20)对(0.23±0.11)mmol/L(3:00)、(0.46±0.17)对(0.29±0.12)mmol/L(5:00)、(0.19±0.13)对(0.09±0.06)mmol/L(糖负荷后);均P<0.01],糖负荷后30 min(早期相)的高水平的游离脂肪酸可能与妊娠糖尿病患者早期胰岛素分泌功能缺陷有关.     

2型糖尿病伴牙周病患者血清游离脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）伴牙周病患者血清游离脂肪酸（FFA）与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法选择T2DM伴重度牙周病患者（C组）17例、单纯T2DM患者（B组）25例、健康体检者（A组）23例,分别观察各组患者的BMI、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、FFA等临床和生化指标。结果 C组血清FFA水平显著高于A、B组（P均〈0.05）,B组显著高于A组（P〈0.05）;相关性分析示,血清FFA与胰岛素抵抗指数、糖化血红蛋白呈显著正相关（r分别为0.709、0.630,P〈0.05）。结论牙周病可能致T2DM患者血清FFA水平升高,加重T2DM患者血脂代谢紊乱及IR,不利于血糖控制。     

2型糖尿病代谢综合征患者游离脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗的关系

选择2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者81例、T2DM并代谢综合征(Ms)患者81例及正常对照者34例,测定空腹血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平及血糖、血脂等代谢参数.发现T2DM并MS组BMI、WHR、WC、SBP、DBP、TG、FFA水平明显高于对照组和T2DM组,HOMA-IR明显高于T2DM组;FFA与TG、HOMA-IR显著相关,HOMA-IR与FBG、TG、FFA显著相关.提示FFA在T2DM并MS患者中明显升高,其与胰岛素抵抗之间存在明显的正相关关系,降低FFA水平将有助于改善胰岛素抵抗.     

尿酸与颈动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的：研究血清尿酸（SUA）水平与颈动脉硬化的关系。方法：对120例来院就诊病人行颈动脉超声检查,根据颈动脉内有无动脉斑块及斑块的性质,分为4组：颈动脉软斑组（21例）,颈动脉硬斑组（18例）,颈动脉混合斑组（55例）,正常对照组（26例）,检测所有对象的SUA水平。结果：（1）软斑组SUA水平[（463.33±126.35）μmol/L]明显高于正常对照组[（317.38±129.15）μmol/L]、硬斑组[（328.78±126.22）μmol/L]及混合斑组[（377.36±160.94）μmol/L],P〈0.05～0.01;（2）根据超声检查,颈动脉狭窄分成轻、中、重度三组,进行颈动脉硬化狭窄程度与SUA水平的双变量相关分析,结果显示两者呈显著正相关（r=0.356,P=0.000）。结论：血清尿酸水平与颈动脉硬化密切相关。     

男性2型糖尿病血尿酸与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨男性2型糖尿病患者血尿酸(SUA)水平和颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 收集男性2型糖尿病患者579例,根据SUA水平四分位数分为:95~250、251~302、303~363和364~658 μmol/L 4个组.检测体重指数、血压、血脂、尿素氮、肌酐、HbA1C等相关指标,高分辨血管外超声检测颈动脉血管斑块厚度及颈动脉内膜中层厚度,统计学分析SUA与上述指标的关系.结果 男性2型糖尿病患者随着SUA水平升高颈动脉粥样硬化的检出率逐渐增高(P＜0.05),且斑块厚度也随之逐渐增高(P＜0.05),但与颈动脉内膜中层的厚度无关(P＞0.05).男性2型糖尿病患者年龄、SUA及HbA1C均为颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素.结论 SUA与颈动脉粥样硬化发生发展可能有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of serum uric acid(SUA) and carotid atherosclerosis in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods A collection of 579 male T2DM patients with or without carotid atherosclerosis were grouped based on quartiles of SUA. Age, SUA, smokers, duration, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(Cr), and HbA1C were determined in all subjects. The plaques in carotid arteries and intima-media thickness(IMT) were measured with high-resolution ultrasound. Results BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, TG, and Cr showed a gradual increase, while HDL-C and HbA1C showed a gradual decrease according to the higher SUA quartiles in male T2DM(P＜0.05). Nevertheless, the detectable rates of smokers, duration, age, TC, LDL-C, and BUN had no relationships with the SUA quartiles(P＞0.05). The detectable rate of carotid atherosclerosis and the thickness of carotid plaque were positively associated with the levels of SUA in male patients with T2DM(P＜0.05). However, intima-media thickness of carotid arteries did not illustrate the correlation with the levels of SUA in male T2DM patients(P＞0.05). Age, HbA1C, and SUA were independent factors of carotid atherosclerosis in these patients by logistic regression(P＜0.05). Conclusion The levels of SUA seems to be associated with the occurrence and development of carotid atherosclerosis in male patients with T2DM.     

Association between chronic kidney disease and thoracic aortic atherosclerosis detected using transesophageal echocardiography

Objective: Accelerated atherosclerosis occurs with a high frequency in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the association between CKD and thoracic aortic plaques using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods: This study population consisted of 297 patients who underwent TEE. Aortic plaques were evaluated in the proximal thoracic aorta (PTA) (from the ascending aorta to the aortic arch) and the distal thoracic aorta (DTA) (the descending aorta) using TEE. Aortic plaques were defined as complex plaques of ≥4 mm thickness and with ulceration or mobile components. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m². The association between CKD and aortic plaques was evaluated using multivariate analysis after adjusting for traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Results: Patients with CKD (n = 144) had a higher incidence of any plaques and complex plaques compared with those without CKD (n = 153) (85% vs. 47% and 42% vs. 17%, respectively, both P < 0.001). Univariate analysis indicated that the presence of CKD was significantly associated with complex plaques both in the DTA and the PTA (both, P < 0.001); however, multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of CKD was associated with only complex plaques in the DTA (P < 0.05), but not with those in the PTA. Conclusion: The presence of CKD was associated with complex aortic plaques, with this association being stronger for complex plaques in the DTA than those in the PTA.     

肥胖人群中血清瘦素、游离脂肪酸和脂联素水平的相互关系

目的 测定肥胖人群中血清瘦素、游离脂肪酸(FFA)和脂联素的血清水平及分析其相互之间的关系。方法 20名正常非肥胖对照和63名体重指数>25kg/m~2的超重肥胖个体进入研究,后者按其血糖水平又分为单纯性肥胖组(38例)和2型糖尿病组(25例)。所有研究对象均分别完成口服葡萄糖耐量试验和减少样本数的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(FSIVGTT)。使用SPSS10.0统计软件包统计分析血清胰岛素、瘦素、游离脂肪酸和脂联素在各组人群间的水平差异以及与肥胖度和胰岛素敏感指数等指标的关系。结果 肥胖患者的血清瘦素和FFA水平均显著高于正常对照,唯血清脂联素水平显著低于正常对照[瘦素:单纯肥胖(15.55±1.87)μg/L,糖尿病肥胖(13.41±5.07)μg/Lvs正常对照(2.83±0.70)μg/L,均P<0.001;FFA:单纯肥胖(670.5±239.8)μmol/L,糖尿病肥胖(780.8±381.7)μmol/Lvs正常对照(393.2±152.1)μmol/L,P<0.001和P<0.01;脂联素:单纯肥胖(9.11±2.16)μg/L,糖尿病肥胖(4.25±1.59)μg/Lvs正常对照(12.14±3.57)μg/L,P<0.01和P<0.001]。在以胰岛素敏感指数为应变量的多元回归方程中,脂联素、空腹胰岛素、FFA和腰臀比(WHR)进入方程(r~=0.28,P<0.001)。结论 肥胖人群的血清瘦素、FFA水平显著高于正常人群,血清脂联素水平则与之相反;肥胖度是影响     

尿酸与代谢综合征及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究尿酸与代谢综合征(MS)的关系,及其对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响,为动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的防治提供临床依据。方法MS诊断依据2005年国际糖尿病联盟的标准将2232例患者分为两组:MS组(1199例)和非MS组(1033例),在排除高尿酸血症前后,比较两组间年龄、尿酸、腰围、血压、血糖、血脂情况,应用彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。结果MS组高尿酸血症检出率明显高于非MS组,排除高尿酸血症后,MS组与非MS组尿酸水平无明显差异(P>0.01),尿酸是MS的独立危险因素(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.001～1.004);MS组IMT明显高于非MS组(P<0.01);尿酸未进入IMT的回归方程。结论MS及高尿酸血症检出率呈同步升高;尿酸可能仅仅是MS,但不是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血尿酸、纤维蛋白原的关系

目的:探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清尿酸（UA）、纤维蛋白原(Fg)水平是否与颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)有关。方法: T2DM患者218例,根据有无颈AS分为2组, 对患者年龄、病程、高血压病、UA、肌酐(Cr)、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、糖基化血红蛋白和Fg等AS危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果: logistic回归分析显示年龄、病程、UA、Cr、UA /Cr、LDL-C,Fg与T2DM颈AS有相关性。UA危险因素的多元逐步回归分析显示病程、颈AS、Cr、TG、TC与UA相关;Fg危险因素的多元逐步回归分析显示,颈AS与Fg相关。结论: T2DM颈AS患者血清中UA、Fg明显升高,是AS的危险因素。     

血清内脂素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨血清内脂素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 根据颈动脉超声结果将受试者分为无斑块组(638例)和斑块组(205例),均检测血压、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、体质指数,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清内脂素水平,放射免疫法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α。结果 ①斑块组血清内脂素水平及肿瘤坏死因子-α均高于无斑块组 (P<0.0001);②Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清内脂素及肿瘤坏死因子-α均与颈动脉斑块形成独立相关 (P<0.05);③受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）显示,血清内脂素对颈动脉斑块形成的诊断准确性为0.838 (P<0.0001)。 结论 血清内脂素水平升高与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关,并可作为颈动脉斑块形成的可靠评价指标。