改良电视胸腔镜辅助食管癌切除术(附16例报告)

报告 16例改良胸腔镜 ( VATS)辅助食管癌切除术。将患者右侧躯体抬高呈 45°体位 ,颈、胸、腹同时消毒 ;做上腹正中切口 ,完成胃游离后 ,扩大食管裂孔至一只手可以进入右侧胸腔 ,器械操作和手法操作相结合完成食管游离及胃食管颈部吻合。本组 16例无死亡 ,与常规手术相比手术时间缩短、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快 ,能进行根治性淋巴结清扫。认为此术式治疗大部分食管癌患者比常规手术方法更加可取     

手辅助电视胸腔镜食管癌切除胃食管胸内吻合术(附15例报告)

目的　总结手辅助电视胸腔镜 (HVATS)食管癌切除胃食管胸内吻合术。方法　 2 0 0 3～ 2 0 0 4年施行HVATS食管癌切除胃食管胸内吻合术 15例。其中T3 N1M0 期 11例 ,T2 N1M0 期 2例 ,T2 N0 M0 期 2例 ;均在右胸内吻合 ,其中胸顶吻合 10例 ,弓下吻合 5例。结果　手术和术后康复均顺利 ,没有并发症 ,无围术期死亡。胸部手术时间平均 (4 2 2 8± 7 13)分钟 ,胸部失血 (87 4 3± 17 5 9)ml,术后第 1天引流量 (2 12 0 4± 4 3 79)ml;清扫食管旁淋巴结 (3 74± 1 17)枚 ,清扫纵隔淋巴结 (5 98± 3 4 3)枚。结论　HVATS食管癌切除胃食管胸内吻合术能够达到常规开胸手术相同的切除效果 ,且具有手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

手辅助电视胸腔镜技术治疗老年人胸中段食管癌临床分析

电视胸腔镜手术为老年患者治疗胸中段食管癌提供了一个微创治疗方法，有利于患者的顺利康复。我院自2002年3月至2004年6月应用手辅助电视胸腔镜食管癌切除术治疗65岁以上老年食管癌患者37例，取得了良好的近期临床效果，报道如下。     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术(附23例报告)

回顾性总结23例（支气管扩张症2例，肺炎性假瘤1例，周围型肺癌20例）电视胸腔镜（CATS）肺叶切除术的经验与教训，并与周期常规开胸肺叶切除术（30例）的疗效进行对照比较，结合文献讨论了有关手术方法和治疗原则。认为只要严格把握好手术适应症，熟练掌握手术方法和技巧，VATS肺叶切除术治疗肺良性疾病和早期肺癌，可以达到与常规开胸手术同样的治疗效果。其术中出血量，术后引流量，引流时间，术后住院天数以及术后并发症发生率均低于常规开胸组，且具有创伤小，痛苦轻，恢复快，手术切口符合美学要求等优点。     

胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌切除术治疗食管癌80例

外科是治疗食管癌的有效手段,放大内镜和色素内镜联合使用成为诊治食管癌的研究焦点〔1〕。胸腔镜联合腹腔镜治疗有手术成功率高、并发症少、恢复迅速等优势〔2〕。本研究对比采用胸腔镜联合腹腔镜治疗与传统开胸术治疗食管癌的疗效。     

食管癌切除术后近期并发症及其防治(附629例分析)

我们自1999年1月-2002年10月共行食管癌切除术629例,对其术后并发症进行了同顾性分析,总结如下.     

胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术治疗老年食管癌的疗效

目的对比胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术与开胸食管癌根治术治疗老年食管癌的疗效及对术后恢复的影响。方法接受食管癌根治术的老年食管癌患者65例。依据手术方式的不同将患者分为观察组(胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术)32例及对照组(开胸食管癌根治术)33例。结果手术后对照组用力肺活量(FVC)及第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)水平显著低于手术前,且低于观察组(P<0.05)。手术后,两组C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。手术后,两组CD4/CD8自然杀伤(NK)细胞及免疫球蛋白(Ig)G水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术治疗老年食管癌可有效降低术后系统性炎症反应、免疫抑制并同时保护肺功能。     

电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术的临床应用

微创外科（minimally ivasion surgery,MIS）是现代外科发展的趋势,应用电视胸腔镜技术（videoassisted thoracic surgery,VATS）进行肺叶切除术是近年来微创胸外科的热点之一[1]。自20世纪90年代胸腔镜逐步应用于临床以来,胸腔镜肺叶切除术已成为早期非小细胞肺癌（non—small cell lungcancer,NSCLC）治疗的主要手术方式[2-3]。     

电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的护理体会

我院 1999年 12月至 2 0 0 1年 3月共施行电视胸腔镜 (下称VATS)下肺叶切除术 16例。现将护理体会讨论如下 :1　一般资料本组共 16例 ,其中男性 10例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄 2 5～ 75岁 ,平均 5 7岁。X线表现 :11例为孤立性团块或结节影 ,1例肺大泡 ,1例不规则肿块影 ,2例肺囊肿 ,1例毁损肺。本组 6例均在 VATS下施行了肺叶切除术。术后无呼衰及肺部感染等并发症发生。术后 2～ 3日均拔除胸管后可下床活动。胸液量平均 10 0 ml/d,低于常规天胸手术者。2　术前准备2 .1　健康教育 ,心理指导　了解患者及家属心理 ,介绍本手术的优点、适应症及患…     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗肺大疱21例配合体会

自1998年5月以来，我院应用电视胸腔镜铺助小切口手术治疗多发或巨大肺大疱患者21例，效果满意。现将手术配合体会报告如下。     

电视胸腔镜手术300例体会

目的 探讨胸腔镜手术在胸外科领域的应用价值。方法 对胸部疾病施行VATS手术300例。结果 手术创伤小，患恢复快，出血少，手术时间及术后住院日明显缩短，术后并发症8例，占2.8%，明显低于常规开胸组。结论 恰当选例下，VATS在胸部微创手术领域中，有着广阔前景。     

Comparative study of video-assisted thoracic surgery versus open thymectomy for thymoma in one single center

Background

Due to the popularity of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) techniques in clinical, thymoma patients via VATS thymectomy are increasing rapidly. However, compared with open thymectomy, the potential superiorities and defects of VATS thymectomy remain controversial.

Methods

A number of 129 patients who underwent thymectomy of early stage thymoma (Masaoka stage I and stage II) in one single center from January 2007 to September 2013 were selected in this retrospective study. Of those patients, 38 thymoma patients underwent VATS thymectomy (VATS group) and 91 underwent open thymectomy (open group) via either transsternal [44] or transthoracic approach [47] in the same period. The postoperative variables, which included postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), the intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, the entire resection ratio, the number of thoracic drainage tubes, the quantity of output and duration of drainage, were analyzed. Meanwhile, the operation time and blood loss were considered as intraoperative variables.

Results

All thymoma patients in the analysis included 19 thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis, among which five patients via VATS thymectomy and 14 patients via open thymectomy respectively. There was no death or morbidity due to the surgical procedures perioperatively. The ICU LOS, operation time, entire resection ratio, and the number of chest tubes were not significantly different in two groups. The postoperative hospital LOS of VATS thymectomy was shorter than that of open thymectomy (5.26 versus 8.32 days, P<0.001). The blood loss of VATS thymectomy was less than open thymectomy (114.74 versus 194.51 mL, P=0.002). Postoperatively, the quantity of chest tubes output in VATS group was less than that in open thymectomy group (617.86 versus 850.08 mL, P=0.007) and duration of drainage in VATS group was shorter than that in open thymectomy group (3.87 versus 5.22 days, P<0.001).

Conclusions

VATS thymectomy is a safe and practicable treatment for early-stage thymoma patients. Thymoma according with Masaoka staging I-II without evident invading seems to be performed through VATS approach appropriately, which has shorter postoperative hospital LOS, less blood loss and less restrictions to activities, hence patients will recover sooner.     

Long-term respiratory function recovery in patients with stage I lung cancer receiving video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy

Background

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy are standard treatment methods for early lung cancer. We compared their effects on the long-term recovery of pulmonary function in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 203 patients with early NSCLC who underwent VATS or thoracotomy at Seoul University Hospital from January 2005 to December 2010. Two matched groups (VATS and thoracotomy) each consisting of 60 patients were created via propensity score matching according to TNM stage, age, sex, smoking history, lung disease history, and preoperative pulmonary function.

Results

There were no significant differences in the recovery of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the forced vital capacity (FVC), or the peak flow rate (PFR), presented as the postoperative value/predicted value, between the VATS and thoracotomy groups during the 12-month follow-up period. The standardized functional loss ratio [(measured postoperative value – predicted postoperative value)/(predicted postoperative value × 100)] did not differ between the two groups at 6 and 12 months. In an intragroup analysis, the postoperative FVC in the thoracotomy group remained below predicted postoperative value during the follow-up period and did not reach the predicted postoperative FVC (6 months/12 months: –6.58%/–2.43%). The analgesic requirements and pain procedures were similar in the VATS and thoracotomy groups during the 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in pulmonary function recovery during the late postoperative period in NSCLC patients receiving VATS versus thoracotomy. We suggest that the volume of the resected lung and preoperative lung function are the main determinants of late recovery, rather than postoperative pain.     

Uniportal video assisted thoracic surgery: summary of experience,mini-review and perspectives

The uniportal-video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) technique comprises operations which can be performed with skin incisions ranging from 2 to 8 cm and the manifest result of the introduction of the uniportal lobectomy had made possible to increase rapidly the number of published papers on this subject. Many of the large ensuing literature report incomplete historical information on uniportal VATS, and doubts exist about the indication of uniportal VATS for some thoracic oncologic pathologies. Known limitations have been overcome. On the other hand, the modern thoracic surgical team includes one surgeon, one assistant and a scrub nurse, and it is clear that the new generation of thoracic surgeons need to use the “less” used hand. The new technology which permitted the introduction of the uniportal VATS could influence the future need of thoracic surgeons worldwide.     

Inflammatory cytokines in robot-assisted thoracic surgery versus video-assisted thoracic surgery

BackgroundCytokines play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and are essential modulators of injury repair mechanisms. While minimally invasive operations have been shown to induce lower levels of cytokines compared to open thoracotomy, the inflammatory cytokine profile difference between video-assisted (VATS) and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) techniques has yet to be elucidated.MethodsIn this prospective observational study of 45 patients undergoing RATS (n=30) or VATS (n=15) lung resection for malignancy, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP)-1, and endothelial growth factor (EGF) were measured before and after surgery via immunoassay.ResultsLevels of IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients undergoing VATS than in patients undergoing RATS (P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively) 2 hours following surgery. MCP-1 levels were also found to be significantly higher in the VATS group (P<0.001) 24 hours following surgery. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and EGF levels were not significantly different at any time-point comparing VATS to RATS.ConclusionsThe VATS approach is associated with a more robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response through the upregulation of MCP-1 and IL-6 when compared to the RATS approach in patients undergoing anatomic lung resection. Further studies are necessary to validate the clinical significance of this finding.     

VATS在肺外科的临床应用（附200例报告）

目的 观察电视胸腔镜技术在肺外科常见疾病治疗中的价值。方法 对207例胸部常见疾病施行电视胸腔镜手术。结果 200例在胸腔镜下完成手术,7例转开胸手术。平均手术时间56．8分钟,平均住院日9．3天,术后并发症发生率4．6％。结论 电视胸腔镜技术是胸外科极有发展前途的微创外科技术。     

History and current status of mini-invasive thoracic surgery

Mini-invasive thoracic technique mainly refers to a technique involving the significant reduction of the chest wall access-related trauma. Notably, thoracoscope is the chief representative. The development of thoracoscope technique is characterized by: developing from direct peep to artificial lighting, then combination with image and video technique in equipments; technically developing from diagnostic to therapeutic approaches; developing from simpleness to complexity in application scope; and usually developing together with other techniques. At present, the widely used mini-invasive thoracic surgery refers to the mini-open thoracic surgery performed mainly by using some instruments to control target tissues and organs based on the vision associated with multi-limb coordination, which may be hand-assisted if necessary. The mini-invasive thoracic surgery consists of three approaches including video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), video-assisted Hybrid and hand-assisted VATS. So far the mini-invasive thoracic technique has achieved great advances due to the development in instruments of mini-invasive thoracic surgery which has the following features: instruments of mini-invasive thoracic surgery appear to be safe and practical, and have successive improvement and diversification in function; the specific instruments of open surgeries has been successively developed into dedicated instruments of endoscopic surgery; the application of endoscopic mechanical suture device generates faster fragmentation and reconstruction of organ tissues; the specific delicated instruments of endoscopic surgery have rapid development and application; and the simple instruments structurally similar to the conventional instruments are designed according to the mini-incison. In addition, the mini-invasive thoracic technique is widely used in five aspects including diseases of pleura membrane and chest wall, lung diseases, esophageal diseases, mediastinal diseases and heart diseases. However, there remain many problems in specifications and trainings, economic cost, conservation and innovation. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to these problems. Nevertheless, the promotion of thoracic surgery appears promising in the future.     

218例电视胸腔镜手术的回顾分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜或辅助小切口胸部外科手术的临床应用范围与效果。方法采用电视胸腔镜或辅助小切口完成经胸手术218例,范围包括胸膜、胸膜腔、肺、纵隔、食道、心包、膈肌以及胸部创伤等。结果全组病例均按术前计划进行,无中转开胸,无手术死亡和术后严重并发症发生;术中无输血,均痊愈出院。在肺切除术中,优先选择国产一次性缝合材料,手术费用降低20%~30%左右。结论①胸膜的局限性病变,胸膜腔病变,自发性血胸、气胸、血气胸、肺部表浅的孤立性病变,心包、纵隔、食道良性病变、以及创伤后循环稳定的血气胸、肺裂伤、心包伤、膈肌破裂等是胸腔镜的主要适应症。②电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除、全肺切除在一次性缝合材料的配合下,手术安全,在恶性肿瘤手术中有常规器械的互补操作,对淋巴结的清除可达到与开胸手术的相同效果。     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery: A renaissance in surgical therapy

Within a few years, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become the accepted or preferred approach over a wide range of thoracic procedures. The authors review the development of this technique, the basic operative strategies and the current surgical indications. Technical pitfalls and future developments are also discussed.     

电视胸腔镜与正中胸骨切开心脏手术的比较

目的通过比较电视辅助胸腔镜与正中胸骨切开心脏间隔缺损手术在疼痛、呼吸功能、血液系统改变及术后恢复等方面的差异,来明确电视辅助胸腔镜手术（VATS）的安全性及其优缺点。方法抽取行VATS和MS的患者各120例,为VATS组和正中胸骨切开术（MS）组。比较两组间术后疼痛,术后恢复的迅速程度,血液细胞记数改变,失血量以及输血量和呼吸功能等。结果二组间在主动脉阻闭时间和住院时间上无明显差异。在5岁以上VATS组患者101人中,用吗啡类止痛药物的16人,而MS组84人中有24人使用吗啡类止痛药物（P<0.05）。两组间动脉分析氧分压,养合指数以及呼吸机辅助时间无显著差异。VATS组手术时间长于MS组,而其ICU滞留时间短（P<0.01）。VATS组患者手术后失血及输血量少于对照组。结论VATS同MS同样安全可靠,虽然其手术时间长,但与MS组相比较,其术后恢复较快,术后疼痛轻,并且其失血及输血量少。