胰腺癌病人静息能量消耗增加与血浆细胞因子关系的研究

目的:通过检测胰腺癌病人的静息能量消耗(REE)和血浆细胞因子,探讨两者间的关系。方法:用间接能量测定法检测34例诊断为胰腺癌的病人(试验组)和同期30例腹股沟疝病人(对照组)的REE,测定血浆细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1),将REE和细胞因子做相关性分析。结果:试验组病人REE非常显著地高于对照组,为(1 449.03±315.47)kcal vs(1 344.67±128.52)kcal,P<0.01;呼吸商(RQ)非常显著地低于对照组,为(0.81±0.06)vs(0.88±0.08),P<0.01;细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6非常显著地高于对照组(P<0.01),而IL-1两组无显著性差异。胰腺癌病人血浆TNF-α与REE有非常显著的正相关性(P<0.01);IL-6与REE有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:胰腺癌病人REE显著增加,血浆细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6显著升高。胰腺癌病人REE的升高可能与细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的升高有一定的相关性。     

恶性肿瘤病人静息能量消耗研究的进展

处于不同生理或病理状态的机体 ,能量代谢特征不尽相同。在癌症病人中 ,由于肿瘤生长以及由此产生的机体代谢变化 ,使得肿瘤病人的能量代谢有其特殊性。本文对肿瘤病人的静息能量消耗研究进展进行了综述。一般认为 ,恶性肿瘤病人术前静息能量代谢较正常人有所升高 ,但有资料显示某些恶性肿瘤病人术前能量代谢并无变化。肿瘤部位、大小、分期、分型、治疗措施等的不同 ,对人体代谢有不同影响 ,且不同资料之间还存在着彼此矛盾之处     

颅脑损伤病人静息能量消耗的观测

目的 研究不同颅脑损伤病人伤后静息能量的变化。方法 用开放式间接测热法测定40例不同程度颅脑损伤病人伤后前5天的氧耗量(VO2)、二氧化碳生成量(VCO2)、呼吸商(RQ)、静息能量消耗(REE)和24小时尿氮排出量。结果 有脑损伤组患者伤后氧耗量、静息能量消耗、24小时尿氮排出量比无脑损伤组明显增加，且与脑损伤程度成正比。结论 颅脑损伤患者脑组织和全身处于高能量代谢状态，对氧和能量的需求急剧增加，应根据损伤程度合理、适时地补充营养，以利康复。     

外科危重病人静息能量消耗测定及评价

采用开放式间接测热法对５８例严重感染或创伤病人进行静息能量消耗（ＲＥＥ）测定，以同期外科非应激状态病人为对照组。结果示危重病人组ＭＲＥＥ平均为６９８３±８１２ｋＪ／ｄ，比对照组５２７２±４６９ｋＪ／ｄ增高３０．２％（Ｐ＜０．００１），也明显高于按Ｈａｒｉｓ－Ｂｅｎｅｄｉｃｔ公式估算的基础能量消耗值（ＢＥＥ）（５７９９±６２３ｋＪ／ｄ），ＲＥＥ与ＢＥＥ的平均比值为１．２４±０．１２，每千克体重的ＲＥＥ值平均为１２４．３±１０．５ｋＪ／ｄ，危重病人每分钟通气量、Ｏ２耗量及ＣＯ２产生量均明显高于对照组；而呼吸商明显低于对照组。危重病人ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分平均值为１９．４±５．３，与ＲＥＥ之间有显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

静息能量消耗测定在慢性肝病中的应用

慢性肝病患者的静息能量消耗应采用开放式间接测热法测得,合理的能量代谢调整有助于肝功能改善并防止并发症发生,测定静息能量消耗可为慢性肝病患者营养支持治疗个体化提供依据。     

血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的静息能量消耗

目的观察血糖控制良好的2型糖尿病患者静息能量消耗（REE）的特点。方法采用代谢车测量45例血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的REE，记录其一般情况、生化指标、Harris-Benedict和Owen公式计算基础能量消耗预测值，并进行比较分析。结果血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的静息能量消耗实测值与Harris-Benedict及Owen公式预测值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），相关分析显示REE与性别、年龄、体重、身高、体表面积、去脂组织显著相关（P〈0．05），与体重指数、脂肪组织、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白无相关性（P〉0．05），多元逐步回归分析显示去脂组织和年龄与REE关系最密切。结论血糖良好的2型糖尿病患者的REE并不增高，决定其REE的因素与健康个体相似，测定REE能更好地指导糖尿病的医学营养治疗。     

血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的静息能量消耗

Objective To investigate the features of resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally 45 T2DM patients with stable blood glucose were enrolled. The general conditions, biochemical indicators, measurements of REE ( MREE), and basal energy expenditure (BEE) calculated with Harris-Benedict formula (HBEE) and Owen formula (OBEE) were recorded and compared. Results MREE had no significant difference with HBEE or OBEE in T2DM patients with stable blood glucose (P ＞ 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that REE was significantly correlated with gender, age, body weight, body height, body surface area, and fat-free mass ( all P ＜ 0.05 ), but was not correlated with body mass index, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, haemoglobin Alc, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and haemoglobin (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Multiple regression analysis showed that fat free mass and age had the closest correlation with REE. Conclusions REE does not increase in T2DM patients with well controlled blood glucose. Factors that influence their REE are similar with healthy individuals. Determi nation of REE can provide useful information for the nutrition treatment of T2DM.     

健康老年人静息能量消耗

目的 :　探讨老年人 REE与性别、年龄 ,人体测量学指标的相关性。方法 :　用间接能量测定仪测试 82名 (男 3 0、女 5 2 )平均年龄 80岁的中国健康汉族老年人的静息能量消耗 (rest-ing energy expenditure,REE)的水平 ,并将 REE测试值与根据 Harris- Benedict公式算出的基础能量消耗值 (basal energy expenditure,BEE)进行比较。同时应用生物电阻抗分析法 (bioelectricalimpedance analysis,BIA)测定去脂体重 (fatfree mass,FFM)和体脂重量 (fat mass,FM)等人体测量学数据。结果 :　 82名健康老人的 REE平均值为 (4.44± 0 .5 2 ) MJ/2 4 h,与公式计算的 BEE比无统计学差异 ,但比 FAO/WHO/UNU(1 985 )公式值低 9% ,比 Owen公式值低 1 9%。本研究观察到我国健康老年人的 REE与去脂体重、体重、体表面积 (body surface area,BSA)、年龄、身高、性别和体重指数 (body mass index,BMI)之间有相关性。老年男女的每公斤体重、每公斤去脂体重和单位体表面积所产生的 REE间无统计学差异。结论 :　 Harris- Benedict公式、FAO/WHO/UNU(1 985 )公式与 Owen公式都过高估计了我国健康老年人的基础能量消耗。由于老年人的REE存在较大的个体差异 ,其 REE值宜实测而不宜用公式预测。我国健康老年人的 REE与去脂体重、体?     

肥胖儿童静息能量消耗的初步研究

目的　应用能量代谢仪测定肥胖儿童的静息能量消耗情况,以探讨安静状态下代谢水平与儿童肥胖的关系,同时比较各预测公式的准确性。方法　选取2014年7月至2015年9月在本院儿童保健科就诊的年龄在7～14周岁的儿童。应用间接测热法测静息能量消耗,应用生物电阻抗法测体脂、去脂体质量等体成分。以预测公式值与实测值误差在±10%之内为可以接受的“准确”,超过10%为“高估”,低于10%为“低估”。结果　共纳入研究对象72例,其中超重/肥胖组42例,平均年龄(10.4±1.7)岁,体质量指数(24.76±3.16)kg/m2;对照组共30例,平均年龄(10.4±2.0)岁,体质量指数(15.07±2.11)kg/m2。静息能量消耗以kJ/(kg·d)表示,校正性别、年龄的影响因素后肥胖组儿童每天静息能量消耗［(116.45±20.46)kJ/(kg·d)］明显低于对照组［(138.49±38.77) kJ/(kg·d)］(P=0.000)。各预测公式准确性尚无一致性定论,研究对象实测值与Harris-Benedict、Schofield、WHO、Mifflin、Cunningham、Liu、Jia公式完全符合的准确率分别为50%、47.6%、42.9%、47.6%、33.3%、42.9%、40.5%。结论　肥胖儿童静息能量消耗低于正常儿童,与间接测热法比较,各预测公式准确性均较差。     

Weight loss and resting energy expenditure in male patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer

ObjectivesCancer cachexia is associated with impaired nutritional status and systemic inflammation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and resting energy expenditure (REE) changes in patients with newly detected esophageal cancer, and the influence of weight loss on REE.MethodsFifty-six patients and 30 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled, and patients were further divided into weight-stable (WS) and weight-loss (WL) subgroups. Body composition, measured REE (mREE), and the ratio of mREE to predicted REE (pREE) by Harris-Benedict formula were assessed. Blood levels of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in patients.ResultsCancer patients had lower body mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat mass, but higher mREE and percentage of mREE/pREE compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). WS (n = 32) and WL patients (n = 24) had similar BMI and body composition indices, but the latter had obviously higher mREE, mREE per kilogram body weight (mREE/BW), percentage of mREE/pREE, hs-CRP and IL-6 levels, and lower albumin and prealbumin levels. Percentage of weight loss was positively correlated with REE/BW, hs-CRP, and IL-6 level (r = 0.238, P = 0.044; r = 0.446, P = 0.01; r = 0.196, P = 0.047, respectively).ConclusionImpaired nutrition status, elevated energy expenditure, and higher inflammation status tend to be apparent in weight-losing patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer, which suggested that early recognition of body weight change and routine nutritional risk screening followed by adequate nutrition intervention should be applied in these patients.     

初诊食管癌患者能量代谢的影响因素和营养风险筛查

目的 研究影响初诊食管癌患者能量代谢的相关因素。方法对2008年11月至2009年6月新华医院40例初诊食管癌患者，采用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）进行营养风险筛查，分别应用间接测热法和生物电阻抗法测定其静息能量消耗（REE）和人体组成成分。结果67．5％的初诊食管癌患者存在营养风险，且营养风险评分与其前白蛋白及白蛋白水平分别呈负相关关系（r=-0．444，P=0．004；r=-0．386，P=0．014）。REE实测值和Harris-Benedict公式REE预测值分别为（6770±1360）和（6021±841）kJ／d，两者具有相关性（r=0．503，P=0．001），且前者显著高于后者（P〈0．001）。40例患者中，57．5％处于高代谢状态，30．0％处于正常代谢状态，12．5％处于低代谢状态。多元线性逐步回归分析显示，在众多营养指标中仅去脂组织对REE值的影响具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论去脂组织是初诊食管癌患者能量代谢的影响因素之一。     

结肠癌病人化疗前后的能量代谢测定及人体成分分析

目的:测量结肠癌病人化疗前后能量代谢和人体成分,以评估其化疗前后的营养状况。方法:选择结肠癌病人51例,采用自身对照研究方法,于化疗前2 d和化疗后第2天,采用床旁代谢仪测量静息能量代谢(REE),并采用人体成分分析仪对病人进行人体成分分析。结果:所有结肠癌病人化疗后第2天的REE与化疗前2 d比较均显著降低,且差异有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。化疗后体脂百分数增加,瘦体质量百分数降低,身体水分百分数增加。体脂百分数、瘦体质量百分数与身体水分百分数均值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结肠癌病人化疗后静息能量消耗与化疗前比呈下降趋势,体脂百分数增加,瘦体质量百分数降低,身体水分百分数增加。     

机械通气危重患儿的连续性静息能量消耗测定

目的　探讨机械通气危重患儿的静息能量消耗变化,比较公式估算与间接测热法（IC）所测得的能量消耗之间的差异,分析影响危重患儿代谢状态的可能因素。方法　前瞻性收集2012年9月至2013年9月入住上海儿童医学中心重症监护室、行呼吸机辅助通气、满足IC要求的内科危重症患儿共56例,于机械通气第1、4、7、10天应用代谢车测定其静息能量消耗,并记录患儿的一般临床资料。结果　对56例患儿行IC测定130次,所测得的静息能量消耗值（MREE）在机械通气第1、4、7、10天间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.379）。MREE与Schofield及WHO公式估算值（PEE）比较差异虽无统计学意义（P值分别为0.917和0.995）,但一致性较差（R2值分别为0.185和0.322）。患儿在机械通气第1天的代谢状态仅与年龄（P=0.000）和身高（P=0.027）相关,与疾病严重程度和临床结局均无关联。结论　机械通气危重患儿的静息能量消耗IC法实测值随机械通气时间变化并不显著,预测公式估算的静息能量消耗值与IC法实际测量值之间一致性较差。建议将IC应用于重症监护病房,指导危重患儿个体化营养支持治疗,以改善患儿临床结局。     

Anthropometric measured fat-free mass as essential determinant of resting energy expenditure for pregnant and non-pregnant women

Objective

There is conflicting evidence as to whether anthropometric parameters are related to resting energy expenditure (REE) during pregnancy. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to precisely assess a major anthropometric determinant of REE for pregnant and non-pregnant women with verification of its use as a possible predictor.

Methods

One hundred fifty-two randomly recruited, healthy, pregnant Czech women were divided into groups G1 and G2. G1 (n = 31) was used for determination of the association between anthropometric parameters and REE. G2 (n = 121) and a group of non-pregnant women (G0; n = 24) were used for verification that observed relations were suitable for the prediction of REE during pregnancy. The women in the study groups were measured during four periods of pregnancy for REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters after 12 h of fasting.

Results

Associations were found in all groups between measured REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters such as weight, fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area, and body mass index (P < 0.0001). The best derived predictor, REE/FFM (29.5 kcal/kg, r = 0.70, P < 0.0001), in group G1 was statistically verified in group G2 and compared with G0.

Conclusion

Anthropometrically measured FFM with its metabolically active components is an essential determinant of REE in pregnancy. REE/FFM can be used for the prediction of REE in pregnant and non-pregnant woman.