岩斜区表皮样囊肿的显微外科治疗

目的：探讨颅底岩骨斜坡区表皮样囊肿显微外科治疗的手术入路、切除技巧及神经保护方法等。方法：21例岩斜区表皮样囊肿患者中，11例采用枕下乙状窦后入路，7例采用颞枕经小脑幕入路，4例采用颞枕枕下乙状窦后幕上下联合入路手术。结果：肿瘤全切8例．肿瘤次全切13例。术后临床症状及体征完全消失者8例，较术前明显好转者4例，基本同术前者8例，死亡1例。结论：手术入路的选择应取决于肿瘤的起源和累及部位；保护神经功能的关键是应用显微技术囊内切除肿瘤后锐性分离包膜，在与神经血管粘连紧密处留部分包膜，不强行剥离。     

显微外科治疗桥小脑角表皮样囊肿11例

颅内表皮样囊肿也称胆脂瘤或珍珠瘤,好发于桥小脑角区和鞍区,其来源于颅内残余的上皮母细胞,易沿蛛网膜下腔及脑池延伸。1997年9月至2003年5月,采用显微外科手术治疗,我院桥小脑角表皮样囊肿11例,疗效较好,报告如下。     

桥小脑角表皮样囊肿的显微外科治疗

桥小脑角区是颅内表皮样囊肿的好发部位 ,常围绕 ～ 颅神经 ,并沿颅神经 ,小脑和脑干间隙向各个方向生长 ,由于肿瘤部位深在及周围神经血管复杂 ,手术全切较为困难。我院 1994～ 1999年采用显微外科技术切除巨大桥小脑角表皮样囊肿 15例 ,效果较满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　男性 9例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄 36 .3± 7.6岁(15～ 5 5岁 ) ,病程 2 .6± 1.1个月 (2个月～ 5年 )。临床表现 :最多见以三叉神经痛起病 ,本组 9例。其余 6例 ,主要为多颅神经功能障碍 ,表现为面部疼痛、麻木、耳鸣、听力下降、呛咳。其他症状头痛 ,头晕 ,…     

上颌窦内巨大表皮样囊肿1例报告

皮样囊肿(dermoid cyst)或表皮样囊肿(epidermoid cyst)大多数好发于口底、颏下、眼睑、额、鼻、眶外侧及耳下等皮肤和粘膜。发生于上颌窦内粘膜者实属罕见,文献尚未见报道,我科于2004年11月收治1例,报告如下。1病例报告患者,男,汉族,38岁,主因左侧面部快速生长的无痛性肿物3个     

脾脏巨大表皮样囊肿1例

<正>患者,女,19岁,因胸闷伴剑突下疼痛1周人院。患者于1周前无明显诱因出现胸闷伴剑突下疼痛,无心慌、出冷汗等不适;门诊B型超声提示"左上腹囊性包块"。发病以来,患者体质量无明显变化,睡眠、饮食可。查体:皮肤无黄染,浅表淋巴结未及肿大,腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未及。实验室检查未见明显异常,消化道钡餐检查可见胃受压征象。腹部CT示脾脏前     

椎管内皮样及表皮样囊肿诊断及治疗

目的总结椎管内皮样和表皮样囊肿的临床特点和治疗经验。方法回顾分析2003～2010年来我科收治的6例低龄椎管内皮样囊肿和2例表皮样囊肿的临床资料。结果本组病例中8例平均年龄为10．6岁,男4例,女4例。囊肿位于胸段2例,胸腰段2例,腰骶段及马尾部4例,1例皮样囊肿伴背部皮肤窦道;术前尿动力学、肛周肌电图、下肢电生理检查多有异常;给予神经电生理监护下进行手术全切及椎板复位重建。结论椎管内皮样和表皮样囊肿为良性病变,早期诊断和手术是最佳的治疗选择,完整切除囊肿及椎板复位重建、积极康复对预后均有帮助。     

左臀部巨大表皮样囊肿一例

<正>表皮样囊肿(epidermoid cyst,EC)是一种好发于头、面、颈和躯干等部位的良性肿瘤,在国内臀部巨大表皮样囊肿报道较少,2018年4月我院收治了1例左臀部巨大表皮样囊肿患者,详细报道如下。1 病例介绍患者男,35岁,因"发现左臀部肿物31年余"入院,体格检查:左臀部中央见一肿物(图1A),明显高出周围组织,约10 cm×8 cm×6 cm大小,质地坚韧,边界清晰,与周围组织无明显粘连,移动度良好,肿物表面未见红肿、破溃     

臀部巨大表皮样囊肿超声误诊分析

目的:探讨1例臀部巨大表皮样囊肿超声误诊报告,以提高超声诊断浅表器官占位性病变的诊断水平.方法:采用美国GELOGIQ-S6型彩超仪高频线阵探头对臀部巨大占位性病变患者进行检查.结果:超声所见:右侧臀部皮下可探及一大小:上下径为8.0cm,左右径为11.0cm,前后径为2.7cm实质性等回声包块,边界清,内部回声欠均匀...     

声带表皮样囊肿9例

声带表皮样囊肿９例四川省人民医院（６１００７２）杜泽秀声带表皮样囊肿易与喉部其他良性肿瘤混淆”’。我科从１９８５～１９９２年共治疗９例，一现报告如下。临床资料一、本组９例中，女３例，男６例；平均年龄４１岁（１６～６７岁）。症状：８例有声嘶，其中２例伴...     

前颅底大型脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨前颅底大型脑膜瘤的手术入路、显微手术方法和治疗效果。方法对显微手术治疗的21例前颅底大型脑膜瘤患者的影像学资料、手术入路、显微手术切除肿瘤的方法及疗效进行回顾性分析。结果按照Simpson切除标准,本组21例中,Ⅰ级切除16例(76.19%);Ⅱ级切除3例(14.29%);Ⅳ级切除2例即行脑膜瘤次全切除(9.52%)。肿瘤全切除90.48%,次全切除9.52%。无手术死亡,随访6~24个月,无复发。结论充分的术前影像学检查及评估,采用显微手术切除前颅底大型脑膜瘤,术中保护重要神经与血管、处理好受累的颅底骨质和脑膜,能明显提高肿瘤的全切除率,减少并发症,提高临床疗效。     

桥小脑角胆脂瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：总结桥小脑角(CPA)胆脂瘤的显微外科手术入路和神经内镜辅助手术。方法：28例桥小脑角胆脂瘤，采用枕下开颅乙状窦后入路16例、颞枕开颅颠下小脑幕入路10例、颞枕开颅幕上下联合入路2例。其中5例手术应用神经内镜辅助。结果：肿瘤全切除21例，近全切除7例，无手术死亡。结论：枕下开颅乙状窦后入路适用于胆脂瘤位于CPA以及由CPA向斜坡生长者；颞枕开颅颞下小脑慕入路适用于CPA胆脂瘤向岩骨尖斜坡及幕上鞍区发展者；巨大胆脂瘤同时累及CPA、鞍区和下斜坡时采用颞枕开颅幕上下联合入路。神经内镜辅助有助于减小手术创伤，提高肿瘤全切率。     

Anterior and middle skull base reconstruction after tumor resection

Background  Surgical management of skull base tumors is still challenging today due to its sophisticated operation procedure. Surgeons who specialize in skull base surgery are making endeavor to promote the outcome of patients with skull base tumor. A reliable skull base reconstruction after tumor resection is of paramount importance in avoiding life-threatening complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection. This study aimed at investigating the indication, operation approach and operation technique of anterior and middle skull base reconstruction.
Methods  A retrospective analysis was carried out on 44 patients who underwent anterior and middle skull base reconstruction in the Department of Neurosurgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between March 2005 and March 2008. Different surgical approaches were selected according to the different regions involved by the tumor. Microsurgery was carried out for tumor resection and combined endoscopic surgery was performed in some cases. According to the different locations and sizes of various defects after tumor resection, an individualized skull base soft tissue reconstruction was carried out for each case with artificial materials, pedicled flaps, free autologous tissue, and free vascularized muscle flaps, separately. A skull base bone reconstruction was carried out in some cases simultaneously.
Results  Soft tissue reconstruction was performed in all 44 cases with a fascia lata repair in 9 cases, a free vascularized muscle flap in 1 case, a pedicled muscle flap in 14 cases, and a pedicled periosteal flap in 20 cases. Skull base bone reconstruction was performed on 10 cases simultaneously. The materials for bone reconstruction included titanium mesh, free autogenous bone, and a Medpor implant. The result of skull base reconstruction was satisfactory in all patients. Postoperative early-stage complications occurred in 10 cases with full recovery after conventional treatment.
Conclusions  The specific characteristics of skull base defects in various regions require different reconstruction materials and methods. The individualized reconstruction based on different skull base defects can achieve satisfactory results.

     

锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤

目的 探讨锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤的手术技巧和适应证。方法 分别经眶上、翼点、眉间、颞下和枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路采用显微外科技术切除颅底肿瘤18例，内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除颅底肿瘤4例。结果 肿瘤全切除13例，次全切除6例，大部分切除3例，无锁孔入路相关严重并发症和手术死亡。结论 锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤具有创伤小、脑牵拉损伤轻、术后恢复快的优点，适合于病灶范围相对局限的颅底肿瘤。     

Original article： Anterior and middle skull base reconstruction after tumor resection

Background Surgical management of skull base tumors is still challenging today due to its sophisticated operation procedure. Surgeons who specialize in skull base surgery are making endeavor to promote the outcome of patients with skull base tumor. A reliable skull base reconstruction after tumor resection is of paramount importance in avoiding life-threatening complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection. This study aimed at investigating the indication, operation approach and operation technique of anterior and middle skull base reconstruction. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 44 patients who underwent anterior and middle skull base reconstruction in the Department of Neurosurgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between March 2005 and March 2008. Different surgical approaches were selected according to the different regions involved by the tumor. Microsurgery was carried out for tumor resection and combined endoscopic surgery was performed in some cases. According to the different locations and sizes of various defects after tumor resection, an individualized skull base soft tissue reconstruction was carried out for each case with artificial materials, pedicled flaps, free autologous tissue, and free vascularized muscle flaps, separately. A skull base bone reconstruction was carried out in some cases simultaneously. Results Soft tissue reconstruction was performed in all 44 cases with a fascia lata repair in 9 cases, a free vascularized muscle flap in 1 case, a pedicled muscle flap in 14 cases, and a pedicled periosteal flap in 20 cases. Skull base bone reconstruction was performed on 10 cases simultaneously. The materials for bone reconstruction included titanium mesh, free autogenous bone, and a Medpor implant. The result of skull base reconstruction was satisfactory in all patients. Postoperative early-stage complications occurred in 10 cases with full recovery after conventional treatment. Conclusions The specific characteristics of skull base defects in various regions require different reconstruction materials and methods. The individualized reconstruction based on different skull base defects can achieve satisfactory results.     

经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科治疗颅中窝内侧型肿瘤

目的　探讨经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科切除颅中窝内侧肿瘤的优越性及手术技巧。方法　经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科切除巨大颅中窝内侧型肿瘤 16例。观察术中显露情况及手术效果 ,并就该入路的优越性和手术技巧进行分析。结果　 16例病人中全切除 10例 ,大部切除 6例。术后恢复良好 ,无重要并发症。结论　采用经颅眶颧弓入路切除颅中窝内侧型巨大肿瘤具有显露良好、脑组织牵拉轻、操作方便等优点。     

融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术在颅底显微外科手术中的应用

目的：探讨融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术在颅底显微外科手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性研究在本院神经外科2013年1月-2014年4月收治的14例颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料,所有患者均在融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术指引下接受显微外科手术。评价肿瘤切除程度及术前、术后神经功能变化。结果14例中,近全切8例,次全切6例。术后3周,12例神经功能改善或同术前,2例神经功能下降,功能下降者行为状态评分(karnofsky performance scale,KPS)＞60,生活可自理。结论融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术可为颅底显微外科手术提供全面的导航信息,提高了肿瘤切除程度及手术安全性。     

二维灰阶超声联合超声造影对睾丸表皮样囊肿的诊断价值

探讨二维灰阶超声联合超声造影(CEUS)对睾丸表皮样囊肿的诊断价值。方法 选择2009年7月至2015年12月空军军医大学第一附属医院收治的经手术组织病理证实为睾丸表皮样囊肿的47例患者,回顾性分析患者检查的声像图资料,分析超声术前诊断睾丸表皮样囊肿的准确度。结果 二维超声术前诊断睾丸表皮样囊肿准确度为85.71%(42/49),二维灰阶联合CEUS诊断准确度为93.88%(46/49)。结论 二维灰阶联合CEUS对睾丸表皮样囊肿诊断价值较高。     

小儿侧颅底肿瘤的诊断与治疗

儿童侧颅底肿瘤临床上罕见,诊断和治疗均存在较大的困难。儿童侧颅底肿瘤的类型包括听神经瘤与神经纤维瘤病Ⅱ型、脑膜瘤、先天性胆脂瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、脊索瘤和软骨肉瘤、畸胎瘤、黏液瘤、脂肪瘤及其他肿瘤;手术径路包括经乙状窦后径路、经颅-眼眶-颧弓径路、经岩骨径路、经迷路径路、经耳蜗径路、经颅中窝径路、经颞下窝径路等。作者分别对以上内容进行了综述,以提高临床医师对它们的认识。     

颅内表皮样囊肿术后迟发出血的护理

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿术后迟发出血的临床特点及护理方法.方法 对2002-2012年北京天坛医院行手术治疗的628例颅内表皮样囊肿患者中术后并发迟发出血的31例患者资料进行回顾性分析,分析该并发症的临床特点及其相应的护理措施.结果 颅内表皮样囊肿术后迟发出血发生率为4.9％(31/628),明显高于同期颅内肿瘤切除术后颅内出血的发生率[0.9％(122/13 479),P＜ 0.001].31例术后迟发出血患者中,男14例,女17例;平均年龄(39岁±20)岁;出血时间发生在术后第5～23天,中位时间为术后第8天.临床表现主要包括颅高压和(或)脑膜刺激征(71.0％),脑疝(16.1％),癫痫(9.7％)以及晕厥(3.2％).11例出现二次出血,二次出血发生率为35.5％(11/31).25例患者康复出院,其中21例恢复满意,另4例神经功能障碍较前加重;其余6例死亡.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿术后并发迟发出血的时间发生在术后第5～23天,且术后1周左右迟发出血比例较大,出血后二次出血发生率高.在此期间,护理人员应提高对该并发症的警惕,争取早发现,早抢救;出血发生后积极有效的护理,对改善患者的预后具有重要的作用.