端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA在OLP和OSCC中的表达

目的：探讨端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）mRNA在口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）和口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中的表达以及在OLP癌变过程中的作用。方法：应用mRNA原位杂交法对正常口腔黏膜12例,非糜烂型OLP20例,糜烂型OLP20例及OSCC20例,进行hTERTmRNA的检测。结果：正常口腔黏膜、非糜烂型OLP、糜烂型OLP及OSCC中hTERTmRNA阳性表达率分别为8.33％（1／12）、15％（3／20）、45％（9／20）、80％（16／20）。其中,除正常口腔黏膜与非糜烂型OLP中hTERT mRNA阳性率无显著性差异外,其余各组间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。而且,正常口腔黏膜与非糜烂型OLP的hTERT mRNA染色强度明显低于糜烂型OLP及OSCC（P〈0.05）。结论：hTERT mRNA可能在糜烂型OLP的癌变过程起着一定的作用。     

EGFR amplification and expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults

The aim of this study was to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene alterations in two groups of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (a test group of subjects aged ≤40 years and a control group of subjects aged ≥50 years) and to associate the results with EGFR immunostaining, clinicopathological features, and the prognosis. Sixty cases of OSCC were selected (test group, n = 21; control group, n = 39). The tissue microarray technique was applied to ensure the uniformity of results. Gene amplification was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemical staining for EGFR was analyzed using an automated imaging system. EGFR amplification was higher in the test group than in the control group (P = 0.018) and was associated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.013), regardless of age. Patients with EGFR overexpression had worse survival rates, as did patients who had T3–T4 tumours and positive margins. EGFR overexpression has a negative impact on disease progression. Despite the higher amplification of EGFR in young adults, it does not significantly impact the survival rates of affected patients.     

Use of quantum dots to detect human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:  To examine the association of oral squamous cell carcinoma with human papillomavirus (HPV) using quantum dots (QD) in situ hybridization (ISH).
Methods:  Expression of HPV16/18 was analyzed in a representative collection of 21 oral squamous cell carcinomas by tissue microarrays. The presence of HPV16/18 high risk was detected by applying QDISH which is compared with conventional ISH.
Results:  Seven cases out of 21 (33.3%) were positive for QDISH while 1 out of 21 (4.8%) was positive for ISH, although all of HPV DNA were localized in the nuclei in the spinous and basal cell layer of the epithelium. The difference between these two methods was significant ( P  < 0.05).
Conclusions:  These results demonstrate that the QD might be an efficient method for determination of HPV infection and HPV-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

口腔鳞癌中hTRT mRNA的表达及其与PCNA关系的探讨

目的：探讨端粒酶逆转录酶（hTRT)在口腔鳞癌、癌旁组织的表达及其与增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）之间的关系。方法：用原位杂交技术及免疫组化方法检测52例口腔鳞癌标本。结果：正常癌旁上皮、上皮异常增生组织及鳞癌hTRT mRNA阳性率分别为20％、41．7％、82．7％。PCNA阳性组与阴性组间hTRT表达水平有显著差异（P＜0．05）。结论：hTRT在口腔鳞癌发生、发展中起重要作用，hTRT与PCNA阳性表达呈正相关，表明hTRT激活细胞多处于高增殖状态。     

趋化因子受体CXCR4在口腔鳞癌中的表达和临床意义

目的研究口腔鳞癌中趋化因子受体CXCR4蛋白及mRNA的表达情况,探讨其与口腔鳞癌临床病理特点及颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化SABC法和原位杂交法检测64例口腔鳞癌中CXCR4蛋白的表达及在CXCR4阳性表达的口腔鳞癌中CXCR4 mRNA的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理参数的关系。结果CXCR4 mRNA和CXCR4蛋白在口腔鳞癌中呈阳性表达,CXCR4蛋白的阳性表达率为62.5%。同时,CXCR4在伴有淋巴结转移病例中的表达显著高于无淋巴结转移者（P=0.014 4）。此外,CXCR4的表达与肿瘤的分化程度（P=0.004 2）、TNM分期（P=0.001 2）、侵袭程度（P=0.002 3）密切相关,而与年龄、性别和肿瘤大小无关。结论CXCR4在口腔鳞癌中有阳性表达,其表达水平与口腔鳞癌侵袭发展和淋巴结转移有关。CXCR4有可能成为口腔鳞癌治疗的新靶点。     

端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA在口腔扁平苔藓中的表达

目的 探讨端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)mRNA在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用原位杂交(ISH)的方法,检测了20例糜烂型扁平苔藓(erosive oral lichen planus,eOLP)、20例非糜烂型扁平苔藓(non-erosive oral lichen planus,neOLP)和12例正常口腔黏膜TERT mRNA的表达。结果 糜烂型OLP的TERT mRNA阳性率明显高于非糜烂型OLP的TERT mRNA阳性率(P<0.05)。糜烂型OLP与非糜烂型OLP染色强度相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 糜烂型OLP的上皮细胞可能比非糜烂型OLP的上皮细胞处于更高的增殖状态。     

Telomerase activity and in situ telomerase RNA expression in oral carcinogenesis

To investigate the role of telomerase in oral carcinogenesis, we assayed telomerase activity in various oral tissues by a modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) analysis. Also, using digoxigenin-labeled probes, we measured the in situ expression of human telomerase RNA component (hTR) in paired oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and adjacent non-cancerous matched tissue (NCMT). We detected telomerase activity in three OSCC cell lines, but not in primary oral keratinocytes. In patient samples, most OSCC (36/42, 86%) and oral premalignant lesions (8/12, 67%) possessed telomerase activity. In addition, 6 of 27 (22%) NCMT contained weak telomerase activity. In situ hybridization showed that hTR was expressed in almost all OSCC (23/27, 85%) as well as in the majority of NCMT (20/25, 80%). In most cases, accumulation of hTR was observed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells. A correlation between hTR expression and more advanced tumor grade was observed. The appearance of telomerase activation and hTR expression during oral carcinogenesis was different. This study indicates that the activation of telomerase is an early and frequent event in OSCC.     

苦参碱对腺样囊性癌细胞周期阻滞和端粒酶催化亚基表达的影响

目的观察中药苦参有效成分苦参碱对涎腺腺样囊性癌ACC-M细胞的细胞周期及端粒酶催化亚基（hTERT）表达的影响。方法体外培养ACC-M细胞,用不同浓度的苦参碱对体外培养的ACC-M细胞进行干预,以流式细胞仪检测对照组和不同浓度（0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00 mg·mL-1）苦参碱作用不同时间后细胞周期的变化;逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测苦参碱作用48 h后细胞hTERT mRNA的表达改变;流式细胞术定量检测hTERT蛋白的表达变化。结果苦参碱作用后明显抑制ACC-M细胞的增殖,使ACC-M细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,并与药物浓度和作用时间呈正相关;苦参碱作用后hTERT基因和蛋白表达明显下降。结论苦参碱对ACC-M细胞有明显细胞周期阻滞作用,同时显著下调hTERT基因表达。细胞周期阻滞作用可能与苦参碱下调hTERT基因表达有关。     

慢病毒介导过表达端粒酶逆转录酶的 人口腔黏膜上皮稳定细胞系的构建

目的 通过慢病毒法建立稳定表达外源性人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）基因的口腔黏膜上皮细胞（OMECs）,探索构建高效、稳定的永生化OMECs细胞系的方法。方法 提取293T细胞总RNA,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）法扩 增hTERT基因全长,构建重组慢病毒载体pLVX-puro-hTERT。包装慢病毒颗粒后感染人正常OMECs,经嘌呤霉素抗 性筛选获得阳性克隆,采用实时荧光定量PCR法和Western blot法检测hTERT基因mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果 成功构建了pLVX-puro-hTERT过表达慢病毒载体并感染到OMECs中;感染细胞与正常OMECs形态相似,呈铺路石 样生长;实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot结果均显示,hTERT在感染细胞中高表达,与正常细胞相比差异有统计学 意义（P<0.05）。结论 通过慢病毒法成功建立了过表达hTERT的OMECs稳定细胞系,为构建高效、稳定增殖的人 永生化OMECs细胞系奠定了实验基础。     

槟榔碱对口腔角质形成细胞端粒酶逆转录酶表达的影响

目的：观察槟榔碱对人口腔角质形成细胞（KC）端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）mRNA及蛋白表达的影响，进一步探讨hTERT在口腔黏膜下纤维性变（OSF）癌变过程中的作用机制。方法：体外培养正常口腔黏膜的上皮细胞，将实验细胞分为0．03、0．06、0．09g／L槟榔碱组、空白对照组。采用Western印迹法和RT-PCR方法观察槟榔碱对KC hTERT mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果：槟榔碱能呈剂量依赖性增加KC hTERT mRNA及蛋白表达，0．03、0．06、0．09g／L槟榔碱组hTERT mRNA及蛋白表达均高于空白对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：槟榔碱对KChTERT mRNA与蛋白表达有明显诱导作用，且在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系，槟榔碱诱导KChTERT过度表达可能在OSF癌变过程中起重要作用。     

新辅助化疗对口腔鳞状细胞癌Survivin表达影响及意义

目的研究新辅助化疗对口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中Survivn蛋白表达的影响。方法选择18例活检病理确诊为口腔鳞癌的临床病例,予DFP方案行术前新辅助化疗2个疗程,分别取新辅助化疗前、后肿瘤组织,另取唇裂修补术中切除的多余的唇组织为口腔正常组织对照组10例,共3组,进行免疫组化染色检测Survivin表达。结果正常口腔组织、新辅助化疗前、后肿瘤组织Survivin阳性细胞表达率分别为(14.50±1.96)%、(57.78±3.39)%、(45.72±2.32)%,组间比较F=814.37,P<0.05。Survivin平均吸光度值为12.75±1.13、77.90±12.64、47.17±15.08,组间比较F=90.98,P<0.05。结论 Survivin在DFP方案新辅助化疗后表达显著降低。     

口腔鳞癌脉管侵袭的研究

对４４例口腔鳞癌组织切片用抗血型抗原ＡＢＨ抗体作免疫组化染色，以研究癌组织对脉管的侵袭。结果表明，该方法为脉管内皮细胞提供了清晰的染色，显示脉管侵袭的阳性率为４０．９％，显著高于以Ｈ·Ｅ染色显示的阳性率（２０．５％）。口腔鳞癌组织侵袭脉管与其分化程度、生长方式及淋巴结转移有密切关系。作者提示口腔鳞癌脉管侵袭的研究对判断预后有重要意义     

血管细胞黏附分子-1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的研究血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）在口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中的表达与定位及其临床意义。方法应用分子原位杂交和免疫组化方法对48例OSCC组织和10例正常口腔黏膜组织中VCAM-1 mRNA和VCAM-1蛋白质的表达和定位进行检测,比较VCAM-1在不同口腔组织中的表达率及其与临床指标的关系。结果VCAM-1蛋白定位于肿瘤细胞胞浆和胞膜,VCAM-1 mRNA定位于肿瘤细胞胞浆。VCAM-1 mRNA和VCAM-1蛋白在OSCC中的表达率均显著高于正常口腔黏膜组织（P＜0.01）,VCAM-1 mRNA表达与VCAM-1蛋白表达呈正相关（P＜0.01）;OSCC中淋巴结转移者VCAM-1蛋白的表达显著高于无淋巴结转移者（P＜0.01）。结论OSCC中VCAM-1基因的高表达可能与肿瘤的浸润和转移有关。     

人类β-防御素在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨人类β-防御素1（HBD-1）和人类β-防御素4(HBD-4)在口腔鳞癌中的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组化SABC法,检测HBD1和HBD4在正常口腔组织、非典型增生组织和口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况,并通过Image pro-plus 5.1图像分析软件对3组中HBD-1/HBD-4的染色进行平均吸光度值的测定。利用SPSS 16.0统计软件对各组数据进行单因素方差分析。结果 口腔黏膜中人类β-防御素1,4表达于增生鳞状上皮细胞和间质细胞和鳞状癌细胞中;HBD-1在正常口腔黏膜、白斑和口腔鳞癌组织中的表达呈增加趋势,但组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;HBD-4在正常口腔黏膜、白斑和口腔鳞癌组织表达呈明显增加趋势（P<0.01）。结论 HBD-1在口腔黏膜中呈固有表达,主要参与机体的天然免疫体系。HBD-4在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展中起重要的作用。     

EGFR and Ki‐67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarray technology

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 : 571–578 Objective: Our aim was to validate the use of tissue microarrays (TMA) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) to analyse epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki‐67 expression. We also analysed the relationship that the expression of these markers may have with clinical, pathological and survival variables. Patients and methods: The study sample comprised 39 unselected patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC. We analysed Ki‐67 and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded surgical specimens. Whole sections (WS) were compared with double 1.5 mm core‐tissue microarrays. Results: High EGFR expression was observed both on TMA (in 98% of the cases) and WS (in 100% of the cases) with substantial agreement kappa value (0.720). EGFR expression was not significantly associated with clinical, pathological and survival variables on TMA and WS. Ki‐67 analysis showed a Spearman correlation of 0.741 with a Ki‐67 mean labelling index of 45% in TMA and 56.8% in WS. We found a significant relationship between gender and Ki‐67 labelling index on WS (P = 0.022) and TMA (P = 0.002). Clinical stage was the only parameter in multivariate analysis that had a significant predictive value. Conclusion: We demonstrate that dual 1.5 mm core TMA is a valid, rapid, economical and tissue‐saving way to study OSCC biopsies and that it presents strong correlation with the WS. EGFR overexpression in OSCC suggests that these tumours may be a candidate for therapy investigation directed to EGFR.