前路显微手术治疗颈椎间盘突出症

目的探讨前路显微手术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法经颈前路椎间盘显微切除减压＋椎体间植骨融合＋钛板内固定术治疗颈椎间盘突出症患者28例。采用日本整形学会（JOA）评分评定患者术前及术后神经功能,评价手术的临床疗效。结果 JOA评分：术前平均11.5分,术后6个月平均15.1分;术后平均改善率85.3%。1例术后出现声音嘶哑,1周后缓解;1例术后复查X线示钛板偏斜,患者出现颈项部疼痛,经理疗后缓解。本组无死亡、截瘫病例。植骨在6个月内全部融合,无骨不连、假关节形成。结论对中央型或神经根型颈椎间盘突出病人经行前路显微减压术,减压更充分,并可减少对脊髓、神经根的损伤,同时脊柱固定稳定,可取得满意的临床疗效。     

颈椎前路减压固定治疗急性颈椎间盘突出致脊髓损伤临床分析

目的观察颈椎前路减压固定治疗急性颈椎间盘突出致脊髓损伤的临床效果。方法抽取我院2015-04—2016-02诊治的急性颈椎间盘突出致脊髓损患者76例为研究对象,依照随机抽签方式分组,治疗组(n=38)采用颈椎前路减压固定治疗,对照组(n=38)采用后路减压侧块钢板内固定植骨术治疗,对比2组治疗效果、术后颈椎功能及脊髓神经功能变化。结果治疗组治疗后颈椎功能JOA评分远高于对照组(P0.01)。治疗组治疗总有效率97.4%,高于对照组的81.6%(P0.05)。治疗组E级所占比率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论颈椎前路减压固定治疗急性颈椎间盘突出致脊髓损伤的临床效果肯定,可有效解除患者临床症状,恢复颈椎功能与脊髓神经功能,可作为急性颈椎间盘突出所致脊髓损伤患者的理想术式。     

一期前后路联合手术治疗多节段颈椎间盘突出合并后纵韧带骨化症

背景：多节段颈椎间盘突出合并后纵韧带骨化症会对患者产生严重的脊髓损伤,手术治疗方案目前仍存在争议。采取一期前后路的手术方式治疗能否达到满意效果尚不清楚。 目的：观察采取一期前后路联合手术治疗多节段颈椎间盘突出合并后纵韧带骨化症的临床疗效。 方法：选择武汉同济医院骨科收治的颈椎多节段颈椎间盘突出合并后纵韧带骨化症患者17例,男11例,女6例,年龄42~74岁,平均51.5岁;均采用一期前后路联合手术治疗。术前X射线,CT或MRI检查提示颈椎被多个节段的颈椎间盘突出和骨化的后纵韧带压迫。术后定期复查X射线观察融合率和稳定性及并发症发生情况。 结果与结论：术后伤口均一期愈合情况,全体病例术后随访6~36个月,平均24.5个月。JOA术后6个月评分为(12.88±2.47)分,较术前(6.41±1.28)分明显提高(P < 0.05)。JOA评分改善率为：优5例,良7例,可4例,优良率71%。全体病例植骨在三四个月后均获得融合,颈椎间隙高度及生理曲度恢复满意,未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱出等并发症。提示对于治疗多节段颈椎间盘突出合并后纵韧带骨化症,一期前后路联合手术能早期彻底地减压并重建脊柱的即刻稳定性,是安全有效的手术方式。     

人工颈椎间盘置换早期运动学分析：55例资料验证

背景：颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合被认为是治疗颈椎病的金标准,但是融合后产生临近节段的加速退变。采用人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病和颈椎间盘突出症在解除患者脊髓压迫的同时保持了颈椎的活动度和稳定性,恢复椎间盘正常的生物力学特点,防止邻近椎间盘的加速退变。 目的：观察颈椎Prodisc人工颈椎椎间盘置换的临床应用效果及术后的运动学变化。 方法：选择55例69个椎间盘,其中双节段受损14例;男29例,女26例,年龄48(31~76)岁;脊髓型颈椎病32例,神经根型颈椎病9例,混合型颈椎病14例。取颈椎前横切口或斜切口入路行Prodisc人工颈椎间盘置换。于置换前、置换后3,6,12,24个月观察颈椎正侧位、过伸过屈、左右侧屈位片,JOA评分分析置换前后椎间盘功能改善情况。 结果与结论：随访55例69个椎间盘, 41例行单节段人工颈椎间盘置换, 14例行双节段人工颈椎椎间盘置换。置换后随22(56~48)个月。 置换后JOA评分显示椎体功能改善率达56%。置换后手术节段椎间盘矢状面、冠状面活动度与置换前比较差异无显著性意义(P = 0.45, 0.74),并保持了和邻近间隙同样的活动度和稳定性。说明颈椎人工椎间盘置换后保留了原来的椎间盘的活动度,患者恢复快,对邻近椎间盘的影响小。     

人工颈椎间盘植入治疗颈椎病

目的 颈椎病前路融合术后颈椎活动度下降与邻近节段椎间盘退变加速越来越受到人们的重视,人工颈椎间盘置换术可在进行脊髓减压并提供稳定的同时保持手术节段颈椎的活动度,为颈椎病的外科治疗开辟了新的途径.方法 自2005年12月至2008年3月,对16例颈椎病患者进行显微减压后椎间植入Bryan人工颈椎间盘,平均随访时间17个月.结果 所有患者术后症状均明显缓解,脊髓功能明显改善,颈椎活动度良好,1例术后发生短暂声音嘶哑,无手术死亡率.结论 人工颈椎间盘植入为颈椎病的外科治疗开辟了新的手段,在提供颈椎稳定的同时保持手术节段颈椎的良好活动度,把握严格的适应证和手术技术能取得满意的效果.     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤颈前路手术与保守治疗的疗效对比

目的对比分析无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤(SCIWORA)颈椎前路手术与保守治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011年3月至2014年3月收治的53例SCIWORA的临床资料,其中34例接受颈椎前路手术(颈前路手术组),19例行保守治疗(保守治疗组)。所有病人出院后随访15~60个月,平均26个月。治疗前、治疗后1、3、6个月及末次随访采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评估脊髓功能改善情况;入院时、末次随访采用美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)评分评估神经功能改善情况。结果治疗后1、3、6个月及末次随访,两组JOA评分较治疗前均明显改善(P0.05),且颈前路手术组明显优于保守治疗组(P0.05)。两组治疗后ASIA评分均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05)。结论 SCIWORA采用颈前路手术与保守治疗均有效,但颈前路手术对脊髓和神经功能的恢复更满意,可作为首选的治疗方法。     

Ⅰ期前后联合入路手术治疗颈椎骨折合并颈髓损伤

目的 比较Ⅰ期手术与分期手术治疗颈椎骨折合并颈髓损伤的疗效差异。方法 2010年6月至2014年10月收治颈椎骨折合并颈髓损伤26例,其中16例采用Ⅰ期前后联合入路手术,10例采用分期手术（Ⅰ期后路减压+内固定手术、Ⅱ期前路椎间盘摘除+椎体固定术）,以Frankel分级和日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评估脊髓功能,并计算改善率=（术后JOA评分-术前JOA评分）/（17-术前JOA评分）×100%。结果 两组手术前后Frankel分级均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组术前JOA评分无统计学差异（P>0.05）,两组术后2 d、3个月、6个月JOA评分较术前均明显增高（P<0.05）,ⅰ期手术组增高更明显（>P<0.05）;术后3、6个月,ⅰ期手术组改善率均明显高于分期手术组（>P<0.05）。>结论 Ⅰ期前后联合入路手术治疗颈椎骨折合并颈髓损伤,能及时、彻底地解除对脊髓压迫,恢复颈椎稳定性,缩短疗程,近期、远期疗效明显,是安全有效的手术方式。     

同种异体冻干骨加钛笼在颈前路减压融合术中的应用

目的观察同种异体冻干骨加钛笼结合动力型颈前路钢板在颈椎前路减压融合术后的融合情况。方法对122例颈椎病病人行颈前路减压、钛笼加同种异体冻干骨植骨结合动力型颈前路钢板内固定术。于术前、术后6个月进行日本骨科疗效(JOA)评分,观察神经功能恢复情况;术后6个月、1年观察钛笼植骨融合率及早期沉降率。结果术后对116例随访12~22个月,平均17个月。症状均明显缓解,脊髓功能明显改善;JOA评分由术前的8.6分改善至14.1分。根据Zdeblick标准,术后6、12个月钛笼植骨融合率分别达到92.0%和95.6%,而沉降出现率分别为16.0%和18.6%。无钢板和螺钉松动或断裂现象存在。结论同种异体冻干骨加钛笼作为颈椎前路减压融合手术中的支撑性植骨材料,融合率满意,沉降率低。     

颈椎前路钛板置入内固定后螺钉松动3例

背景：对于保守治疗效果不佳的颈椎病患者及颈椎外伤后椎间盘突出或椎体骨折压迫脊髓出现神经根神经症状者,颈椎前路椎间盘切除、椎体次全切植骨/钛笼固定仍然是其主要治疗方式。 目的：总结颈前路钛板内固定后螺钉松动的原因及防治策略。 方法：纳入41例颈椎病和颈椎损伤患者,根据手术适应证选择经前路颈椎间盘切除、椎体次全切行颈椎前路钛板内固定,内固定后有3例出现螺钉钛板松动,分析其发生原因并提出防治方法,以减少颈前路钛板螺钉松动的发生率。 结果与结论：3例螺钉松动患者均出现不同程度的吞咽困难症状,确诊后2周内行2次手术,调整螺钉位置后重新固定钛板,远期观察患者内固定位置良好,症状缓解。提示适应证及置入方法的选择,内固定器材的合理应用,正确的置入后管理是预防颈前路钛板内固定后螺钉松动的关键。     

前路椎间盘摘除合并cage融合固定术治疗颈椎病的临床研究

目的　总结颈前入路显微椎间盘摘除术合并人工椎间融合器 (cage)融合固定术治疗颈椎病的临床经验。方法　借助显微镜和高速磨钻对 38例颈椎病患者进行颈前入路显微椎间盘摘除术 ,采用cage融合后并使用钛板系统固定 ;术中同时采用体感诱发电位 (SEP)进行监护。结果　 38例病人术后均无发生严重的并发症 ;随访 8～2 4个月 ,影像学资料证实 :脊髓和神经根减压明显 ,cage融骨良好 ,内固定钛板位置准确 ;术后JOA评分均恢复至 15分以上 ,无症状恶化或复发者。结论　前路椎间盘摘除合并cage融合固定术治疗颈椎病 ,手术创伤小 ,无供区并发症 ,术后恢复快 ,手术成功率高。     

Clinical outcome and radiological findings after cervical open door laminoplasty with titanium basket

ObjectCervical laminoplasty, which is well described in the Japanese literature, is the gold standard for decompressing multilevel spinal cord compression. Several spacers have been introduced to provide enough decompression of the spinal canal and reconstruct the stable posterior elements. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiological outcomes after open door laminoplasty using the titanium spacer (Laminoplasty Basket: L-Basket; Ammtec, Tokyo).MethodsBetween July 2014 and June 2016, 31 patients with cervical spondylotic disease, including OPLL, were underwent open door laminoplasty with this device. All patients were clinically assessed by JOA score. The average follow-up period was 48.9 months with a range of 37–60 months. Postoperative radiological evaluation revealed bone union on both the open side and the gutter side from 12 months to 36 months after surgery on computed tomography.ResultsThe clinical outcome improved from 10.9 points on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale to 15.8 points at 3 months after surgery and there were no significant major complications such as the implant failure. The bone union rate of the gutter side was 85.9% (85/99) at 1 year, 96.0% (95/99) at 3 years after surgery and of the open side was 57.6% (57/99) at 1 year, 89.9% (89/99) at 3 years after surgery. Circumferential fusion was confirmed 85.9% (85/99) of the time.ConclusionThis titanium spacer seemed to have the potential of promoting bone union between the spacer and both lamina, and lateral mass in cervical laminoplasty which is a safe procedure with satisfactory clinical results.     

Effect of posterior subsidence on cervical alignment after anterior cervical corpectomy and reconstruction using titanium mesh cages in degenerative cervical disease

Subsidence after anterior cervical reconstruction using a titanium mesh cage (TMC) has been a matter of debate. The authors investigated and analyzed subsidence and its effect on clinical and radiologic parameters after cervical reconstruction using a TMC for degenerative cervical disease. Thirty consecutive patients with degenerative cervical spine disorders underwent anterior cervical corpectomy followed by reconstruction with TMC. Twenty-four patients underwent a single-level corpectomy, and six patients underwent a two-level corpectomy. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Fusion status, anterior and posterior subsidence of the TMC, segmental angle (SA) and cervical sagittal angle (CSA) were assessed by lateral and flexion-extension radiographs of the neck. The mean follow-up period was 27.6 months (range, 24 to 49 months). The VAS, NDI and JOA scores were all significantly improved at the last follow-up. No instances of radiolucency or motion-related pseudoarthrosis were detected on radiographic analysis, yielding a fusion rate of 100%. Subsidence occurred in 28 of 30 patients (93.3%). The average anterior subsidence of the cage was 1.4 ± 0.9 mm, and the average posterior subsidence was 2.9 ± 1.2 mm. The SA and CSA at the final follow-up were significantly increased toward a lordotic angle. Anterior cervical reconstruction using TMC and plating in patients with cervical degenerative disease provides good clinical and radiologic outcomes. Cage subsidence occurred frequently, especially at the posterior part of the cage. Despite the prominent posterior subsidence of the TMC, SA and CSA were improved on final follow-up radiographs, suggesting that posterior subsidence may contribute to cervical lordosis.     

Clinical experience using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) intervertebral structural cage for anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion

Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) is commonly performed for various pathologies involving the cervical spine. Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages have been widely used following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), clinical literature demonstrating its efficacy following ACCF is sparse. A retrospective review of patients enrolled in a prospective database who underwent single/multi-level ACCF was performed. Fifty-nine patients were identified who underwent corpectomy reconstruction with PEEK cages for symptomatic degenerative, neoplastic, infectious, or traumatic pathologies of the cervical spine. Thirty-five patients having at least 6 months follow-up (FU) were included in the final analysis. The mean age of patients was 51 years (range, 18–81 years) with FU ranging from 6 to 33 months (mean, 6.6 months). None of the patients had dysphagia at last FU. There was no implant failure with fusion occurring in all patients. While 57% of patients (20/35) remained stable with no progression of myelopathy, 43% (15/35) improved one (11 patients) or two (four patients) Nurick grades after surgery. The use of PEEK cages packed with autograft or allograft is safe and effective following anterior cervical corpectomy, demonstrating high fusion rates and good clinical results. This synthetic material obviates the morbidity associated with autograft harvest and possible infectious risks of allograft. The wide array of cage dimensions facilitates ease of use in patients of all sizes and appears safe for use in the typical pathologic conditions encountered in the cervical spine.     

Anterior decompression and hybrid reconstruction with titanium mesh cage plus plate and self-locking stand-alone cage for the treatment of three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy

It has been reported that anterior cervical decompression has good clinical outcomes for the treatment of adjacent three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, the application of a long plate in the anterior cervical spine poses substantial risks of soft tissue damage. In this retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the clinical and radiological results of the hybrid construction with titanium mesh cage (TMC) plus plate and self-locking stand-alone cage for treatment of adjacent three-level CSM. A total of 28 consecutive patients with adjacent three-level CSM were treated by anterior decompression and hybrid reconstruction with TMC plus plate and self-locking stand-alone cage. Clinical outcomes, complications, fusion rate and time, cage subsidence and spinal curvature were assessed. The mean follow-up period was 22.8 months. The average operative time was 103 ± 18.5 min, and the average blood loss was 115 ± 13.3 mL. The JOA score and degree of spinal curvature were significantly increased at the final follow-up compared with preoperatively (P < 0.05). Twenty-seven cases finally achieved a solid fusion, and the average time to achieve a solid fusion was 6.2 months. Postoperative complications included one case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (3.57%), one case of temporary sore throat (3.57%) and two cases of TMC subsidence (7.1%). No dysphagia and hoarseness were observed. Anterior decompression and hybrid reconstruction with TMC plus plate and self-locking stand-alone cage could be used safely and effectively for the treatment of adjacent three-level CSM. It could effectively restore cervical lordosis, reduce the complications related to long plate fixation, and lead to satisfactory outcomes.     

Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cervical dystonia and severe cervical dyskinesias with cervical myelopathy

OBJECTIVES: Surgical treatment of complex cervical dystonia and of cervical dyskinesias associated with cervical myelopathy is challenging. In this prospective study, the long term effect of chronic pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia and on combining the technique with spinal surgery in patients with severe cervical dyskinesias and secondary cervical myelopathy is described. METHODS: Eight patients with a history of chronic dystonia who did not achieve adequate benefit from medical treatment or botulinum toxin injection participated in the study. Five patients had complex cervical dystonia with tonic postures and phasic movements. Three patients had rapidly progressive cervical myelopathy secondary to severe cervical dyskinesias and dystonia in the context of a generalised movement disorder. Quadripolar electrodes were implanted in the posteroventral lateral globus pallidus internus with stereotactic CT and microelectrode guidance. In the three patients with secondary cervical myelopathy, spinal surgery was performed within a few weeks and included multilevel laminectomies and a four level cervical corporectomy with spinal stabilisation. RESULTS: Improvement of the movement disorder was noted early after pallidal surgery, but the full benefit could be appreciated only with a delay of several months during chronic stimulation. Three months after surgery, patients with cervical dystonia had improved by 38% in the severity score, by 54% in the disability score, and by 38% in the pain score of a modified version of the Toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale. At a mean follow up of 20 months, the severity score had improved by 63%, the disability score by 69%, and the pain score by 50% compared with preoperatively. There was also sustained amelioration of cervical dyskinesias in the three patients who underwent spinal surgery. Lead fractures occurred in two patients. The mean amplitude needed for chronic deep brain stimulation was 3.8 V at a mean pulse width of 210 micros, which is higher than that used for pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pallidal stimulation is effective for complex cervical dystonia and it is a useful adjunct in patients with cervical dyskinesias and secondary cervical myelopathy who undergo spinal surgery.     

Central motor conduction in cervical dystonia with cervical spondylotic myelopathy

OBJECTIVES: It has been known that cervical dystonia develops secondarily to spinal cord injuries as secondary dystonia. However, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined motor and sensory conduction in six patients with symptomatic cervical dystonia by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). All of the patients exhibited unilateral head rotation. They had symptoms corresponding to cervical myelopathy and felt discomfort in the neck, shoulders or arms before involuntary movement occurred. RESULTS: Although the overall central motor conduction time (CMCT) was not different from that of normal controls, contralateral CMCT was significantly delayed compared to ipsilateral CMCT (p<0.05). The results of somatosensory evoked potential study demonstrated that contralateral central conduction time (CCT) was not significantly different from ipsilateral CCT. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that there is a selective interference with the contralateral corticospinal tract in patients with symptomatic cervical dystonia.     

Two patients with cervical diastematomyelia

Two patients with cervical diastematomyelia are reported here. A nineteen year-old-man (patient 1) admitted to our hospital because of muscular weakness of right upper limb. He noted muscular atrophy of right upper limb at 16 years old, and then paresthesia was gradually aggravated in the ulnar side of the right hand. Physical examination showed muscular atrophy of right upper limb and hypesthesia in the right eight cervical and first thoracic dermatomes. The deep tendon reflexes were decreased in the right upper limb and were increased in the lower limb without pathological reflexes. In electromyographic examination, neurogenic motor units were observed in the upper right limb, dominantly in 1st interosseous muscle (between the fourth cervical and the first thoracic dermatome). Metrizamide computed tomographic (CT) myelography revealed sagittal splitting of the spinal cord from the third to the sixth cervical vertebra, producing two asymmetrical hemicords. A osseous or fibrous septum were not seen. The right hemicord was smaller than the left one. Patient 2 was a twenty-four-year-old woman. She visited our hospital because of muscular weakness of the right upper limb. In physical examination, there were the muscular atrophy of right hand and hypesthesia in the right eighth and first thoracic dermatomes. The deep tendon reflexes were decreased in the right upper limb and were increased in the right lower limb without pathological reflexes. The EMG studies revealed the neurogenic NMU in the right upper limb (between the fourth cervical and the first thoracic dermatome). Magnetic resonance imaging showed marked narrowing of the dural sac in flexion of the neck.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Complications following titanium cranioplasty compared with nontitanium implants cranioplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat medically refractory intracranial hypertension. There were still few studies focusing on the complications between titanium cranioplasty with non-titanium materials cranioplasty. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the complications following titanium cranioplasty and to make a comparison with nontitanium materials. A systematic review was used to review titanium cranioplasty characters in recent articles. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane databases and Embase for studies reporting on cranioplasty procedures that compared complication outcomes between titanium with non-titanium materials. The final 15 studies met inclusion criteria and represented 2258 cranioplasty procedures (896 titanium, 1362 nontitanium materials). Overall complications included surgical site infection, hematoma, implant exposure, seizure, cerebrospinal fluid leak, imprecise fitting. Titanium cranioplasty was associated with a significant decrease in overall complications rate (OR, 0.72; P = 0.007), hematoma rate (OR, 0.31; P = 0.0003) and imprecise fitting rate (OR, 0.35; P = 0.04). However, it also suggested that titanium cranioplasty can be greatly increased implant exposure rate (OR, 4.11; P < 0.00001). Our results confirmed the advantages of titanium cranioplasty in reducing complications including hematoma, imprecise fitting, and also suggested that clinicians should pay more attention to postoperative implant exposure. With new synthetic materials emerging, it would also be interesting to study the cost-effect and functional outcomes associated with cranioplasty materials.     

具有良好抗菌活性和生物兼容性的钛植入体

摘要 背景：目前,纯钛及其合金因其较好的生物相容性及力学性能成为最常用的牙科植入体,但其本身并无抗菌性。 目的：采用放电法处理钛板,观察其抗菌活性和生物相容性。 方法：通过放电加工法制备钛板,以链球菌的变种培养,以菌落形成评估抗菌活性。通过造骨细胞和纤维母细胞在钛样本上的培养,观察细胞附着和繁殖情况并计算细胞数。并观察细胞结合蛋白吸收,评估钛板的组织相容性。进一步用电子显微镜的扫描图像观察样本表面结构,以薄层的X射线衍射来评估表面抗菌性能。 结果与结论：经与未行表面处理的钛板对照比较,在氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化镁处理过的样本表现出抗菌活性,在1 mol/L溶液处理后的样品细菌数明显减少,而在硫酸钠、乙酸钾和硫酸镁处理的样本则无抗菌活性。氯化钛显示更多的蛋白吸收。X射线衍射钛出现高峰,氧化钛表面稳定。检测显示三氯化钛变成了次氯酸,后者是有抗菌活性的。结果提示,用放电技术处理钛板表面方法。氯化钛样本即具有优良的细胞相容性,又有对口腔细菌的抗菌活性。     

数字化塑形钛网在颅骨修补术中的应用

回顾分析数字化塑形二维或三维钛网修补颅骨缺损患者临床疗效。结果显示,86例患者中82例术后达Ⅰ期愈合,术后并发症包括钛网外露(1例)、皮下积液(2例)、轻微咬合疼痛(1例)、切口瘢痕增生明显致外观欠佳(1例)。提示数字化塑形钛网修补颅骨缺损可最大程度地恢复缺损外形、降低手术风险、减少并发症,且临床疗效满意。