微创内固定系统和防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨近端骨折效果比较

目的比较微创内固定系统(LISS)和防旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)内固定治疗老年股骨近端骨折效果。方法选取2017-01—2019-01间镇平县人民医院收治的106例老年股骨近端骨折患者,根据不同术式分为2组,各53例。LISS组采用LISS内固定,PFNA组采用PFNA内固定。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 2组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、髋关节功能优良率、并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。PFNA组骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间较对照组短,但术后10个月的颈干角小于LISS组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PFNA、LISS内固定治疗老年股骨近端骨折,均可有效改善髋关节功能,安全性高。但PFNA内固定可缩短骨折愈合和完全负重时间;而对于内固定切割风险高、骨质疏松严重的患者,LISS内固定可减少术后髋内翻发生的概率。     

钢板与髓内钉治疗股骨转子下骨折的疗效比较

目的比较钢板与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折的疗效。方法将52例股骨转子下骨折患者根据手术方法分为钢板组(采用倒置LISS钢板内固定,26例)和PFNA组(采用PFNA内固定,26例)。观察两组患者手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症及髋关节功能。末次随访时采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果患者均获得12个月随访。出血量钢板组大于PFNA组(P0. 05);术后骨折愈合时间PFNA组短于钢板组(P 0. 05);手术时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率及术后12个月髋关节功能两组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论对于股骨转子下骨折,采用倒置LISS钢板或PFNA内固定治疗均可获得满意髋关节功能,但PFNA手术创伤较小、骨折愈合时间短。     

PFNA与ALP内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(ALP)2种内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-01诊治的71例股骨粗隆间骨折,分为PFNA组和ALP组,分别记录手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后失血量、术后下地负重时间、骨折愈合时间以及术后1年的髋关节功能Harris评分等。结果 71例均获得随访12~24(16.8±2.6)个月。在手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后失血量、术后负重时间及术后并发症、骨折愈合时间等方面,PFNA组优于ALP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PFNA组随访期间未发现感染、内固定物松动、断裂、股骨头颈切割及髋内翻等与手术相关的并发症,ALP组则出现1例股骨头颈切割、髋内翻2例,2组相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在髋关节功能Harris评分方面,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论PFNA治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折比ALP具有创伤小、出血少、固定牢靠、骨折愈合时间短等优点。     

PFNA与解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-01诊治老年股骨粗隆间骨折61例,采用PFNA内固定31例,采用股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板内固定30例。比较2组切口长度、手术时间、术中失血量、术后完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间、颈干角丢失情况和术后1年髋关节功能Harris评分。结果与锁定钢板组相比,PFNA组切口长度、手术时间较短,术中失血量较少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后61例均获随访10~18个月,平均12.6个月,X线片均显示骨折愈合;PFNA组术后完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间较锁定钢板组短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组术后1年Harris评分及颈干角丢失差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PFNA和股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板内固定均是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的有效手术方法,但PFNA内固定手术时间短、创伤小、固定牢靠、负重时间早,在治疗不稳定老年股骨粗隆间骨折时更有优势。     

倒置LISS钢板内固定治疗老年外侧壁不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折疗效观察

目的探讨倒置LISS钢板内固定治疗老年外侧壁不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-07—2016-08采用倒置LISS钢板内固定治疗的46例老年外侧壁不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折。结果 46例均获得随访,随访时间平均18.4(12~32)个月。切口均一期愈合,髋、膝关节屈伸活动范围基本恢复正常,未出现钢板断裂、股骨头缺血性坏死、骨折不愈合、内固定物切出、髋内翻畸形。骨折均愈合,愈合时间平均6.1(4~8)个月。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分平均93(86~97)分;优30例,良13例,可3例,优良率为93.5%。结论倒置LISS钢板内固定治疗老年外侧壁不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折能够更好地重建股骨外侧壁,且手术操作简单,固定可靠,术后患者髋关节功能恢复良好。     

DHS与PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 56例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS内固定32例(DHS组),PFNA内固定24例(PFNA组),对比两组手术时间、总失血量、术中透视时间、下床负重时间、术后并发症及Harris评分。结果 PFNA组在手术时间、失血量、下床负重时间以及术后3、6个月Harris评分优于DHS组,但DHS组术中透视时间少于FPNA组。结论 DHS和PFNA均是内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法。PFNA能提供早期的负重及功能锻炼,更适合骨质疏松、不稳定骨折合并外侧壁骨折的患者。     

PFLCP与PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的回顾总结应用股骨近端锁定加压接骨板(proximal femur locking compression plate,PFLCP)与股骨近端螺旋刀片抗旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation blade,PFNA)两种手术内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效并进行对比分析。方法从2008年7月至2011年10月,收治股骨粗隆间骨折56例,随机分为两组,一组采用PFLCP内固定,另一组采用PFNA内固定。术后分析手术时间、伤口大小、失血量、完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间及内固定位置情况,并通过Harris功能评分评价下肢功能。结果两组顺利完成手术,术后均定期完成随访,平均随访12个月(8～18个月)。PFNA组在切口长度、术后负重时间均优于PFLCP组(P<0.05),两组在手术时间、术中失血量、骨折愈合时间方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PFLCP组出现2例髋内翻、螺钉松动退出、股骨大粗隆滑囊炎,PFNA组2例分别出现颈干角丢失、螺钉切出股骨头和下肢轻度短缩、螺钉稍退出。结论 PFNA和PFLCP两种内固定在股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中均具有较好疗效,PFNA固定允许患者早期负重,两种内固定均具有自己的优势。     

DHS与PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法对90例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS或PFNA内固定治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、下地负重时间、Harris评分、术后并发症发生率等指标。结果两组住院时间、Harris评分优良率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在手术时间、术中出血量、下地负重时间及术后并发症发生率方面,PFNA组优于DHS组(P<0.05)。结论 PFNA内固定手术创伤少、出血少、下地负重时间短,不易引起髋内翻,而DHS内固定仅适合于治疗稳定股骨粗隆间骨折。     

微创内固定系统倒置与防旋股骨近端髓内钉治疗高龄复杂不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

目的：比较微创内固定系统（less invasive stabilization system,LISS）倒置与防旋股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）治疗高龄复杂不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的近期疗效,探讨内固定选择的策略。方法：自2007年2月至2009年6月收治47例高龄复杂不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折（Evans IV,V,R型）的患者;23例应用LISS倒置治疗,男7例,女16例;年龄76-97岁;24例应用PFNA治疗,男9例,女15例,年龄73～90岁。并对两组手术时间、术中出血、术中摄片次数、切口长度、住院时间、骨愈合时间、髋关节功能情况进行分析对比。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间8～18个月,平均13．1个月。全部患者均获骨折愈合,无伤口感染、髋内翻及内固定切出等并发症。PFNA组较LISS倒置组在手术时间、切口长度等方面均略有优势,但无明显差异;按照Harris髋关节评分标准术后PFNA组和LISS倒置组相比较无明显差异。结论：PFNA及LISS倒置治疗高龄复杂不稳定型股骨粗隆闯骨折近期疗效都比较理想,均为较好的内固定物。     

倒置股骨远端锁定接骨板治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨倒置股骨远端锁定接骨板（LISS）治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法应用倒置LISS治疗26例股骨近端粉碎性骨折患者。根据Harris髋关节功能评分标准评价术后髋关节功能。结果1例失访,1例死于内科疾患,24例获得随访,时间6—17个月。24例骨折均愈合,时间4—8个月。1例出现髋内翻畸形。末次随访时Harris髋关节评分为86～97分,其中优17例,良5例,可2例。结论应用倒置LISS治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折能够更好地重建外侧壁,避免外侧壁的医源性损伤,固定可靠,疗效肯定。     

Comparison of proximal femoral nail antirotation blade and reverse less invasive stabilization system‐distal femur systems in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures

Objective: To compare the effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation blade (PFNA) and reverse less invasive stabilization system‐distal femur (Liss‐DF) systems in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. Methods: Between June 2007 and October 2009, 41 proximal femoral fractures were treated, 22 with PFNA (group A) and 19 with reverse LISS‐DF plates (group B). The time to starting full weight‐bearing, fracture healing time, functional recovery (Parker and Palmer mobility score), neck‐shaft angle discrepancies with the intact contralateral hip, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, the operation durations and amount of intraoperative bleeding were recorded and compared. Results: The mean follow‐up period was 11.2 months (range, 10–12 months). Compared with Group A, Group B showed a statistically longer mean time to bear full body weight and heal their fractures, but a smaller neck‐shaft angle discrepancy (all P < 0.05). The groups were similar in ASA score, operation duration, amount of intraoperative bleeding and Parker and Palmer mobility score. Conclusion: Both PFNA and reverse Liss‐DF were satisfactory for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures, but had different advantages. PFNA allowed earlier weight‐bearing and accelerated fracture healing. Reverse Liss‐DF more effectively avoided coxa vara and may be indicated for patients with very severe osteoporosis.     

Modified Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy in neglected femoral neck fractures in children: a report of 10 cases followed for a minimum of 5 years

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of a modified Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy (MPIO) in neglected femoral neck fractures in children. DESIGN: Prospective study with retrospective analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences. PATIENTS: Ten children (8 males, 2 females) with an average age of 10.2 years with neglected femoral neck fractures were seen from 1990 to 1998. A femoral neck fracture was considered neglected when no proper medical treatment was instituted for at least 1 month following the fracture. Nonunion was accompanied by coxa vara and resorption of the femoral neck in 9 patients; a 10th patient had a neglected femoral neck fracture for 1 month without coxa vara. Three patients at time of presentation with Delbet Type II displaced fractures with associated nonunion and coxa vara (2 with Ratliff Type III and 1 with Type I) also had avascular necrosis using plain radiographic criteria of increased density. INTERVENTION: Modified Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy. The children were immobilized in a hip spica for 6-10 weeks postoperatively and weightbearing was started after hip spica removal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Fracture healing, neck-shaft angle, avascular necrosis, and functional outcome. RESULTS: Patients were followed for an average of 8.2 years (range 5-12 years). All patients had union of their fracture within an average of 16.6 weeks (12-20 weeks) and of the osteotomy site within 8.2 weeks (7-9 weeks). Radiologic signs of avascular necrosis disappeared completely in the 3 patients who presented with avascular necrosis. In 1 patient with a preoperatively viable femoral head, radiologic signs of Ratliff Type I avascular necrosis appeared between 60 and 98 weeks. This radiologic finding became normal again, indicating viability of the femoral head somewhere between 98 to 205 weeks of follow-up. Postoperatively, an average of 135-degree neck-shaft angle was achieved (range 125-160 degrees). The average preoperative neck-shaft angle was 104.4 degrees (range 92-120 degrees) and on the normal hip side it was 127.7 degrees (range 124-132 degrees). Significant improvement in the neck-shaft angle was seen compared with the preoperative angle (P < 0.001) and normal hip angle (P < 0.05). Coxa vara and signs of chondrolysis were not observed in any of the patients. Premature proximal femoral epiphyseal closure resulting in a 1-cm and a 1.5-cm leg-length discrepancy was seen in 2 patients as compared with their normal side. A mild Trendelenburg gait was observed in 1 patient (10%). Using Ratliff's criteria, 9 patients (90%) were graded as a good result and 1 patient (10%) was graded as a fair result. The osteotomy plate was removed in 1 patient (10%). CONCLUSION: An MPIO creates a biomechanical environment conducive to healing of a neglected femoral neck nonunion in a child while simultaneously correcting an associated coxa vara. The procedure also seems to have a biological role in helping restore viability to a noncollapsed femoral head with avascular necrosis.     

Stress fractures of the femoral neck and coxa vara

BACKGROUND: Theoretically, coxa vara substantially modifies the biomechanical conditions of the femoral neck, increasing the effect of direct muscle pull and leading to fatigue of opposing muscle groups; such modifications would appear to favour the appearance of stress fractures. METHODS: We studied 22 stress fractures of the femoral neck, 12 in patients with coxa vara (group A) and 10 in patients with a normal neck-shaft angle (group B), to assess the possible influence of the femoral angle in the production of stress fractures. RESULTS: Intergroup differences were found for age at the appearance of the fracture (younger patients in the coxa vara group) and symptom duration (longer in group A). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that coxa vara predisposes to femoral neck stress-fracture.     

Comparative study of the proximal femoral nail antirotation versus the reconstruction nail in the treatment of comminuted proximal femoral fracture

The purpose of our study was to compare the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA; Synthes, Paoli, Pennsylvania) with a reconstruction nail (Recon; Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana) in the treatment of comminuted proximal femoral fractures. Between 2003 and 2010, twenty-three consecutive patients with AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association 31-A3 fractures combined with proximal 32 fractures who had a minimum 18-month follow-up were evaluated retrospectively. There were 10 patients (age range, 18-74 years) in the Recon nail group and 13 patients (age range, 22-90 years) in the PFNA nail group. Patients treated with Recon nails experienced a longer operation time (P=.006) and more blood loss (P=.012) than patients treated with the PFNA nail. On postoperative radiographs, the change in the neck-shaft angle was 8.8° in the Recon nail group and 4.7° in the PFNA nail group (P=.048). The fracture union time averaged 31.8 weeks in the Recon nail group and 21.5 weeks in the PFNA nail group (P=.148). More patients in the Recon nail group underwent major or minor reoperation (P=.038) compared with the PFNA nail group. No implant failure occurred in either group. The functional results were similar in the 2 groups. For the treatment of comminuted proximal femoral fractures, use of either the PFNA and Recon nail is clinically effective. However, the PFNA nail provides a shorter operation time, less blood loss, and better realignment ability and reduces the incidence of reoperation. Therefore, the PFNA nail can be considered a better device than the Recon nail.     

两种髓内钉固定骨质疏松股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

[目的]比较股骨近端抗旋转髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)与InterTAN髓内钉联合抗骨质疏松治疗骨质疏松性粗隆间骨折的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2016年1月-2019年1月苏州大学第一附属医院骨科诊治的骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的老年患者的临床资料,共10...     

Reverse LISS plates for unstable proximal femoral fractures

The best treatment for unstable proximal femoral fractures is controversial. In this prospective study, we assessed the outcomes of reverse less invasive stabilisation system (LISS) plates for treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures that are expected to be difficult to nail.From April 2004 to January 2007, 20 patients with unstable proximal femoral fractures that were assessed to be difficult to nail were managed with reverse less invasive stabilisation system-distal femur (LISS-DF) plates, which included (1) subtrochanteric fractures with extension into the piriform fossa, (2) short skeletons with narrow femoral canals, (3) adolescents with open physes and (4) severely bowed or deformed femurs. These patients were enrolled in this study. There were 11 females and nine males, with a median age of 58 years (range, 14-95 years).The average follow-up period was 24 (range, 12-32) months. Functional recovery (Parker and Palmer mobility score), pain, bony union, varus deformity, implant failure and leg length discrepancy were assessed. The fractures united at a median of 7 months (range, 3-15 months) postoperatively. Parker and Palmer mobility scores were 9 points for 17 patients and 6 points for three patients. Pain was absent in 15, mild in three, and moderate in two patients. Patients with poor quality of reduction were more likely to have pain results (p = 0.009). Although patients with advanced age were not more likely to have pain results, they were more likely to have ‘delayed union’ radiographic results (p = 0.033). Two limbs were shortened by 1.5 and 2 cm, respectively.Reverse LISS plate fixation led to complete union of unstable proximal femoral fractures without additional procedures. The surgical technique was simple and safe. We recommend considering the use of this locked-plate device as the alternative management of unstable proximal femoral fractures that are unsuitable for nailing procedures.     

Post-traumatic coxa vara in children following screw fixation of the femoral neck

Background and purpose

The rare displaced fractures of the femoral neck in children need accurate reduction and rigid fixation. The implants commonly used for internal fixation in children are pins or screws. We evaluated the long-term outcome in children who sustained fractures of the proximal femur that were treated by screw fixation.

Patients and methods

All 22 children (mean age 12 (5–16) years) with fractures of the femoral neck that were treated with screw fixation (mean 2.4 (1–3) screws) at our department between 1990 and 2006 were evaluated. For measurement of outcome, the Harris hip score (HHS) was used and the development of post-traumatic coxa vara was assessed from the difference in the neck-shaft angle postoperatively and at the latest follow-up examination, after mean 4 (2–15) years.

Results

A loss of reduction was observed in 12 patients. There was a statistically significant correlation between the HHS and the changes in the neck-shaft angle.

Interpretation

Loss of reduction was found in more than half of the children. Screw fixation cannot be recommended for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in children due to a substantial number of post-traumatic coxa vara.     

防旋股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨应用防旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的方法及疗效.方法 2006年6月至2008年8月,收治41例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,Evans-Jensen分型:ⅡA型11例,ⅡB型24例,Ⅲ型6例;其中男12例,女29例;平均年龄74.3岁(67～92岁).均在C型臂X线机透视下闭合复位后采用PFNA内固定治疗,术后髋关节功能采用Harris评分. 结果所有患者均获得随访,时间6～31个月,平均17.2个月.骨折均愈合,时间 10～17周,平均12.5周.术后髋关节Harris评分:优26例,良13例,可2例,优良率为95.1%.均未出现感染、髋内翻畸形、下肢外旋及短缩畸形、螺旋刀片切割股骨头、股骨干骨折、内同定失效及延迟骨愈合等并发症. 结论 PFNA治疗老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折符合生物学固定原则,对骨折端的血运影响和骨质破坏较小,具有操作简单、创伤小、内固定牢靠、可早期功能锻炼及术后并发症少等优点,疗效满意.     

Preliminary effect of proximal femoral nail antirotation on emergency treatment of senile patients with intertrochanteric fracture

Objective： To retrospectively analyse the clinical outcome of emergency treatment of senile intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation （PFNA）.
Methods： From September 2008 to March 2009, 35 senile patients with intertrochanteric fracture, aged from 65 to 92 years with an average age of 76.5 years, were treated with PFNA within 24 hours after injury. There were 10 type Ⅰ fractures, 19 type Ⅱand 6 type Ⅲ according to upgraded Evans-Jensen classification system. All patients were complicated with osteoporosis, and 19 patients had preexisting internal medical diseases. According to the rating scale of disease severity by the American Society of Anesthesiologists （ASA）, there were 9 grade Ⅰ, 14 grade Ⅱ, 8 grade Ⅲ, and 4 grade Ⅳ.
Results： The duration for operation ranged from 45 to 73 minutes with an average of 57.6 minutes. The volume of blood loss during operation ranged from 50 to 120 ml with an average of 77.5 ml. Patients could ambulate 2-4 days after operation （mean 3.5 days）. Hospital stay was 4-7 days （mean 5.3 days）. Full weight bearing time was 10-14 weeks （mean 12.8 weeks）. During hospitalization period, there was no regional or deep infection, hypostatic pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bedsore except for 2 cases of urine retention. All cases were followed up with an average period of 12.3 months, and bone healing achieved within 15-18 weeks （mean 16.6 weeks）. No complications such as delayed union, coxa vara or coxa valga, screw breakage or backout occurred and only 2 cases had troehanter bursitis because of thin body and overlong end of the antirotated nail. According to the Harris grading scale, the results were defined as excellent in 21 cases, good in 9 cases and fair in 5 cases, with the excellent and good rates of 85.7%.
Conclusion： The emergency treatment of senile intertrochanteric fracture with proximal femoral nail antirotation has the advantages of minimal invasion, easy manipulation, less blood loss, shorter length of stay, less complications, and the preliminary clinical effect is satisfactory.