应用国产零边封堵器治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损疗效观察

目的探讨应用国产零边偏心型封堵器治疗16例嵴内型室间隔缺损(IVSD)疗效及安全性。方法16例患者均经超声诊断为IVSD,经胸超声(TTE)大血管短轴观室间隔回声失落,且其分流束位于时钟11点半～1点钟之间,测得VSD距主动脉右冠瓣0～2(平均1.4±1.1)mm,VSD直径为3.5～12mm(平均6.4±4.6)mm,术中左心室造影测得VSD为4～14(平均6.5±4.8)mm,均应用国产零边偏心型封堵器(腰部直径6～14mm)。结果16例IVSD患者15例即刻封堵成功,成功率93.8%,2例术后即刻左室造影及超声检查少量残余分流,术后1周超声检查无残余分流,无主动脉瓣及房室瓣的反流。1例缺损过大,应用14mm封堵器不成功而放弃封堵治疗。术后1周心电监测无房室传导阻滞,术后1周至6个月复查经胸超声心动图,封堵器位置良好,无残余分流及主动脉瓣下反流,ECG无传导阻滞等特殊异常表现。结论应用国产零边偏心型封堵器介入治疗IVSD安全、疗效好,其远期疗效尚需长期临床观察。     

膜部瘤型室间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的评价应用自行研制的细腰型室间隔缺损封堵器闭合膜部瘤型室间隔缺损的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法先心病膜部瘤型室间隔缺损患者41例,年龄2~60岁,平均(18±11)岁。术前超声测量室间隔缺损直径3~12mm,平均(5.39±2.11)mm。应用7~10F输送鞘管从右心系统送入细腰型封堵器。封堵后15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声波检查,观察封堵的即刻效果。术后连续心电监护7d。出院前、术后1、6个月和1年定期复查心电图和心脏超声。结果41例患者均封堵成功。左心室造影测量室间隔缺损直径2.0~10.8mm,平均(5.04±1.71)mm。所用封堵器腰部直径为4~12mm,平均(7.27±2.30)mm。37例患者术后15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声检查显示无残余分流,4例示微量残余分流,1个月后复查经胸心脏超声,3例残余分流消失,1例仍存在微量残余分流。封堵器放置后出现完全性右束支传导阻滞1例,左前分支阻滞1例,随访期间未恢复,并发一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例。术后心电监护示交界性心动过速1例,1周后恢复。合并房间隔缺损1例,同期成功封堵。X线透视时间8~50min,平均(13.60±5.14)min,操作时间30~150min,平均(66.14±20.70)min。随访1~17个月,无感染性心内膜炎、血栓栓塞和溶血等并发症。结论应用细腰型室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜部瘤型室间隔缺损疗效可靠,操作简便,使用安全,弥补了以往封堵器在封堵膜部瘤型室间隔缺损方面的不足,该封堵器的长期疗效需进一步随访观察。     

经食管超声心动图在偏心型封堵器治疗室间隔缺损微创镶嵌术中的应用

目的 研究经食管超声心动图(TEE)指导、监测偏心型封堵器在经胸微创行室间隔缺损镶嵌术中的临床价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析利用偏心型封堵器成功治疗的16例室间隔缺损的镶嵌术,术前TEE详细观察缺损部位、大小及周边的解剖关系,供术者选择合适封堵器,指导、监测整个封堵过程,评价即刻封堵效果.结果 TEE测得术前室间隔缺损直径3～6mm,平均(4.56±0.75) mm,使用的偏心型封堵器直径5～8mm,平均(6.06±0.71) mm.TEE显示封堵器与室间隔缺损边缘吻合紧密,主动脉瓣反流无加重,2例封堵器边缘存在细小左向右分流(分流束＜1.5mm).随访1、3、6个月,封堵器位置正常,无残余分流,未出现主动脉瓣反流.左心房、室径线较术前明显减小,基本恢复正常水平.结论 在TEE指导和监测下,应用偏心型封堵器治疗主动脉瓣下室间隔缺损的微创镶嵌术创伤小,安全性高,近期疗效满意.     

自制非对称型室间隔缺损封堵器的初步临床应用

目的　评价自制非对称型室间隔缺损 (VSD)封堵器经导管闭合VSD的可行性及疗效。方法　 16例患者经临床体检、心脏超声检查诊断为先天性心脏病 ,膜周部VSD。术前超声测量缺损直径 3～ 8(4 .31± 1.35 )mm。在X线透视和经胸超声引导下通过F6～ 8长鞘置入封堵器。结果　左心室造影测量VSD直径为 3～ 8(4 .6 3± 1.5 9)mm。VSD上缘距主动脉瓣 1～ 6 (3.31± 1.19)mm。植入封堵器腰部直径为 4～ 16 (6 .19± 1.91)mm。 14例封堵器到位后 15min左心室造影示无分流 ,2例少量分流。术后 1周经胸超声检查无分流 ,术中及术后无并发症。结论　应用自制非对称型VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD安全、有效。远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。     

应用PDA封堵器治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损的疗效及安全性分析

目的:评价应用PDA封堵器治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损(IVSD)的疗效及安全性.材料和方法:筛选适合经导管封堵治疗IVSD的患者20例(男11例女9例).经彩色多谱勒超声心动图测量缺损口大小、距主动脉右冠瓣及肺动脉瓣距离,经皮穿刺股动脉和股静脉,建立动静脉轨道,经7～12F输送鞘管通过右股静脉途径释放封堵器.结果:超声心动图测量的VSD直径5～7mm,平均6.5±0.5mm,大血管短轴切面上缺损位于12点至1点钟位,缺损上缘距主动脉瓣2～3mm,平均2.5±0.5mm.PDA封堵器的直径7～10mm,平均8.5±1.5mm,20例IVSD患者封堵全部成功,术后杂音消失或明显减弱(4/6级降至1～2/6级),左心室造影无分流现象,彩色多谱勒超声心动图检查无主动脉瓣返流,无穿膈血流.随访5个月～6年(平均36±12个月)未见穿隔血流、明显主动脉瓣返流以及传导阻滞等并发症.结论:PDA封堵器可以成功封堵IVSD,近期疗效佳,无严重并发症的发生,远期疗效尚有待于进一步随访观察.     

嵴内型室间隔缺损的介入封堵治疗效果和短期随访研究

 目的 探讨经导管介入封堵治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损(IVSD)的适应证、可行性和安全性.方法 超声心动图筛查27例嵴内型室间隔缺损患者,男16例,年龄8～29岁;女11例,年龄10～27岁.超声测量缺损直径3～7 mm,平均(4.2±2.7)mm,左室和升主动脉造影后建立股动脉-室间隔缺损-股静脉的轨道行介入封堵治疗,5例采用Amplatzer非对称伞(AGA,美国);7例采用零边偏心封堵器(上海形状记忆合金材料有限公司);13例采用对称型VSD封堵器(上海形状记忆合金材料有限公司).结果 25例介入封堵成功,无左向右残余分流,2例术后主动脉微量反流,随访6～12个月,封堵器无移位、无心律失常.2例左室长轴切面缺损紧靠主动脉瓣的右冠瓣、缺损上缘为右冠瓣部分覆盖于缺损口处,造影后重新测量为巨大VSD而未行介入封堵.结论 嵴内型室间隔缺损无有冠瓣明显脱垂、覆盖缺损上缘、主动脉大量反流的患者可以采用经导管介入封堵治疗,根据缺损上缘距主动脉瓣的距离可以选择不同形状的封堵器,近期疗效可靠.     

介入治疗34例膜部室间隔缺损

目的：评价介入治疗膜部室间隔缺损的临床效果。方法：经胸超声心动图及临床表现诊断为膜部室间隔缺损的患者34例，在局部或全身麻醉下行经导管室间隔缺损的介入治疗，其中31例应用Amplatzer不对称型膜部室间隔缺损封堵器，3例应用国产室间隔缺损封堵器。术中连续经胸超声心动图和X线监测，术后1天、1月、3月、6月行心电图及超声心动图复查。结果：超声测定膜部室间隔缺损直径为3．0～11．6mm(平均4．5mm)，距离主动脉右冠瓣2．7～7．8mm(平均3．6mm)，左心室造影测定膜部室间隔缺损的直径为3．0～8．8mm(平均5．4mm)，所选膜部室间隔缺损封堵器直径为4．0～16mm(平均7．9mm)。技术成功率100％。超声心动图示术后即刻残余分流为17．6％(6／34)，24h后残余分流为8．8％(3／34)，1个月后残余分流为5．9％(2／34)。34例患者术中均有一过性室性心律失常，1例发生一过性心跳骤停。术后1例出现股静脉血栓形成，3例出现了一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞，2例于术后24h内发生溶血，经内科治疗后完全恢复，未见封堵器脱落、主动脉瓣返流等并发症。结论：经导管关闭膜部室间隔缺损的操作简单、方便、并发症少，残余分流少见，值得在临床全面推广。     

自制封堵器闭合膜部室间隔缺损的疗效评价

目的　评价应用自制双盘形室间隔缺损 (VSD)封堵器闭合膜部VSD的可行性和临床疗效。方法　 196例先天性心脏病膜部VSD患者 ,左心室造影测量VSD直径 3～ 17mm ,平均 (4 .76± 2 .96 )mm。应用 7～ 10F输送鞘管从右心系统送入双盘形封堵器。封堵器直径为 4～ 2 0mm ,平均(6 .6 8± 2 .76 )mm ,封堵后 15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声波检查 ,观察封堵的即刻效果。术后连续心电监护 5d。出院前 ,术后 1、6个月和 1年定期心电图、心脏超声检查。结果　 196例中 191例患者封堵成功 ,成功率 97.4 %。未成功的 5例中 ,3例因导管未能通过VSD处 ,2例因封堵器放置后影响主动脉瓣关闭 ,而放弃封堵治疗。 180例术后 15min左心室造影、经胸心脏超声检查显示完全封堵 ,11例术后即刻造影示少量分流 ,1个月后超声复查 ,8例完全封堵 ,其余 3例仍存在微量分流。并发右房室瓣少量返流 3例。术中并发短暂的左、右束支传导阻滞分别为 5和 12例 ,2例并发一过性完全性房室传导阻滞。封堵器放置后 2例出现完全性右束支传导阻滞 ,随访期间未恢复。 4例示非阵发性室性心动过速 ,1周后恢复。封堵器放置后脱落 1例 ,经圈套器取出 ,并完成封堵治疗。合并房间隔缺损 4例、动脉导管未闭 2例 ,同时成功封堵。X线透视时间 5～ 6 0min ,     

国产封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损284例的疗效评价

目的　评价应用国产双盘型室间隔缺损封堵器闭合膜周部室间隔缺损的可行性和疗效。方法　分析 2 0 0 1年 12月至 2 0 0 4年 7月间应用上海形状记忆合金材料有限公司生产的双盘状封堵器治疗的 2 86例先心病膜周部室间隔缺损患者的临床资料。男 130例 ,女 15 6例 ,年龄 2～ 6 5岁 ,平均 (16 .7±8.9)岁。术前超声测量室间隔缺损直径 3～ 18mm ,平均 (5 .0 7± 1.89)mm。应用 7F～ 12F输送鞘管从右心系统送入双盘形封堵器。封堵后 15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声波检查 ,观察封堵的即刻效果。术后每天口服阿司匹林 3～ 5mg kg,连续心电监护 5d。出院前、术后 1、6个月和 1年定期复查心电图和心脏超声。结果　 2 86例中 ,2 77例患者封堵成功 ,成功率 96 .8%。左心室造影测量室间隔缺损直径 3～ 17mm ,平均 (4 .96± 1.81)mm。造影测量缺损上缘距主动脉瓣 0～ 12mm ,平均 (4 .4 8± 2 .13)mm。植入封堵器直径为 4～ 2 4mm ,平均 (7.0 8± 2 .5 5 )mm。未成功的 9例中 ,3例因导管未能通过室间隔缺损处 ,4例因封堵器放置后影响主动脉瓣关闭 ,1例因术中出现低血压而放弃封堵治疗。另 1例囊袋型室缺 ,放置封堵器后即刻出现少量右房室瓣返流 ,右心室与肺动脉间存在 2 0mmHg的收缩期压力阶差 ,术后第 2天复查显     

应用弹簧圈封堵室间隔缺损--附4例报道

目的观察应用弹簧圈封堵治疗室间隔缺损儿童的可行性和初步疗效.方法4例膜周型室间隔缺损患儿接受经导管应用弹簧圈封堵术.经左室造影明确室间隔缺损形状、大小和周边情况,选择pfm公司的Duct-Occlud弹簧圈及Cook公司的可控弹簧圈予以病变部位的封堵,弹簧圈直径比室间隔缺损直径大1～4 mm.术后定期行心电图、心脏超声及临床检查随访.结果左室造影显示室间隔缺损部位均有假性室隔瘤存在,分流口呈多发或单发,最大分流口直径分别为2.0 mm、2.7 mm、2.5 mm和1.5 mm.3例病例所选pfm弹簧圈均为同一型号,直径和圈数为7-3-6mm和5-3-4圈(远端-中间-近端),另1例选用Cook公司的可控弹簧圈5 × 5,封堵即刻有少量残余分流,24h后消失.随访时间2个月～1年,未发现有封堵器移位需外科干预者,无右房室瓣返流和主动脉瓣关闭不全,也无心律失常、栓塞及心内膜炎等并发症.结论应用弹簧圈封堵部分小的伴有假性室隔瘤的膜部室间隔缺损可获得良好的疗效,且具有操作简便、金属含量少及损伤小,并可用于小婴儿病例.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.