7例急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷中毒患者抢救护理

目的 探讨急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)中毒患者的抢救护理对策.方法 回顾性分析7例急性重度1,2-DCE中毒患者临床救治资料.结果 7例患者均经及时有效脱水、早期大剂量糖皮质激素和高压氧防治脑水肿、密切观察病情变化并保持呼吸道通畅、建立有效静脉通道和防治感染等救治护理措施后成功救活.3例临床治愈出院,4例则有不同程度的小脑损害后遗症.结论 防治脑水肿护理是救治急性重度1,2-DCE中毒患者的关键,加强病情观察、有效清理呼吸道分泌物、及时准确用药、防治感染是抢救配合的护理重点.     

职业性急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷中毒二例

我市于2009年1月发生2起急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)中毒事故,现将我院诊断的2例职业性急性重度1,2-DCE中毒病例报道如下. 例1 患者男,26岁,2008年8月27日至2009年1月15日,在我市某鞋厂当掹鞋工,每日工作8～14 h,每周7 d,工作过程中接触黄胶、散装港宝水等化学物,未戴口罩.     

职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒3例死亡病例分析

目的分析职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒(1,2-DCE)死亡病例的临床特点及其救治。方法回顾性分析3例职业性急性1,2-DCE中毒死亡病例的临床资料。结果 3例病例均为中年女性,均有明确的职业性1,2-DCE接触史,从发病到死亡分别为48、25、32d。2例为散发发病。临床上主要表现为中毒性脑病。首发症状1例为头晕、眼花,2例为头痛。死亡前,3例病例脑水肿持续时间长,且容易反复和加重;2例合并肺部感染、消化道出血及肾功能异常等。3例病例均诊断为职业性急性重度1,2-DCE中毒。1例死于脑疝,2例死于多器官功能衰竭。结论职业性急性1,2-DCE中毒脑水肿、颅压高持续时间长,病情可突然恶化;应密切观察神经系统症状体征,早期发现脑水肿,及时处理,防治反复;特别要警惕脑疝和多器官功能衰竭发生。     

1例急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷中毒患者抢救和护理体会

目的 探讨急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷中毒患者在救治过程中的护理措施,总结急性重度二氯乙烷中毒患者的护理要点.方法 回顾性分析1例急性重度1,2-二氯乙烷中毒患者的救治和护理方法.结果 急性重度二氯乙烷中毒主要是中毒性脑病所致急性脑水肿和意识障碍的护理.结论 以基础护理为导向,密切观察病情,保持呼吸遘通畅,心理护理和健康指导对病情恢复具有重要意义.     

急性1，2-二氯乙烷中毒脑脊液常规指标的动态监测

  目的  探讨脑脊液（cerebral spinal fluid,CSF）常规检查在急性1,2-二氯乙烷（1,2-DCE）中毒诊治中的价值。
  方法  68例急性1,2-DCE中毒患者入院后行CSF压力、常规及生化检查,并在病程中动态监测及分析CSF各项指标的变化。
  结果  急性1,2-DCE中毒患者入院时CSF外观无色透明、细胞数均正常;CSF压力增高阳性率为47.1%（32/68）,其中脑水肿组为66.7%,无脑水肿组无增高;脑水肿组CSF压力均值高于无脑水肿组（P < 0.01）;蛋白质浓度正常或轻微升高占16.2%,无脑水肿组总蛋白与白蛋白浓度高于脑水肿组（P < 0.05）;葡萄糖和氯化物大致正常;重度中毒组CSF压力均值显著高于轻度中毒组（P < 0.05）;急性1,2-DCE中毒患者入院后CSF压力持续升高,于病程（脱离接触）31~60 d最高,治疗后期患者CSF压力恢复缓慢,CSF压力的回落滞后于高颅压的临床表现及CT、MR等影像学改变。
  结论  动态监测CSF压力及各项常规指标对急性1,2-DCE中毒的临床诊治具有重大价值。
     

高压氧治疗急性一氧化碳中毒的护理体会

目的探讨急性一氧化碳中毒患者高压氧(HBO)治疗的护理效果。方法对77例急性一氧化碳中毒患者采用高压氧治疗时的护理工作进行总结。结果笔者认为,在护理工作中应做好以下几项工作:1.入舱前向患者及家属详细讲解高压氧治疗常识,取得家属的积极配合;2.舱内密切观察患者的生命体征。3.出舱后对患者及家属进行安全使用天然气(或煤制汽)的常识教育。结论急性一氧化碳中毒在采用高压氧治疗及常规临床治疗的基础上,配合积极有效的护理,取得了满意效果。     

高压氧治疗老年患者急性一氧化碳中毒的护理体会

目的探讨高压氧治疗一氧化碳的方法和护理体会。方法对我院于近2年收治的64例急性一氧化碳中毒老年患者研究对象。统一采取高压氧治疗。结果：41例患者治愈,17例有效,无效4例,2例死亡,总有效率90．63％例。结论对老年患者急性一氧化碳中毒后及时、足疗程的高压氧治疗和护理,安全有效的临床措施,可以明显提高治愈率,降低致残率,改善生活质量都有非常大的益处。     

急性一氧化碳中毒患者高压氧治疗护理

目的观察急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒患者高压氧护理措施,对不同程度CO中毒患者治疗效果、不良反应发生率的影响。方法对不同程度CO中毒患者采用相应的护理措施,观察患者高压氧治疗配合程度、不良反应发生率和治疗有效率。结果本护理措施增加CO中毒患者高压氧治疗配合程度,没有高压氧治疗不良反应,提高治疗有效率。结论恰当、熟练的CO中毒患者的高压氧护理,是高压氧治疗安全、有效的关键措施。     

急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒患者血液毒物分析的临床意义

选择我院2011年11月—2012年8月收治的职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)中毒病例38例,采用顶空气相色谱-质谱法对其中12例进行血中毒物检测。结果显示,12例患者中有7例患者在发病6～18 h送血标本检出1,2-DCE成分,其中3例同时检出丙酮成分;5例发病24～72 h送血检测,均未检出1,2-DCE成分,仅检出丙酮成分,其中1例检出二氯甲烷、甲苯,1例检出二硫化碳。提示急性1,2-DCE中毒患者应早期进行血毒物检测,1,2-DCE阳性对明确病因及临床诊断有重要价值。 更多还原     

高压氧联合纳洛酮治疗急性乙醇中毒疗效观察

目的探讨高压氧联合纳洛酮治疗急性乙醇中毒的临床疗效。方法将160例急性乙醇中毒患者随机分成2组,其中高压氧组80例,对照组80例,观察疗效并进行比较。结果高压氧组无论轻、重度中毒患者在意识恢复及症状消失时间方面均明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论高压氧联合纳洛酮治疗急性乙醇中毒,临床应用安全,具有较好疗效。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.