耳畸形整形术

目的探讨和评价不同耳畸形的手术方法、效果及其影响因素.方法根据耳畸形的不同情况,利用自体肋软骨,对379例（401耳）采用双叶皮瓣法、29例（29耳）采用耳后沟皮瓣行耳廓再造及耳道成形术.对84例（84耳）气化型乳突患者同时行耳道成形术和鼓室成形术.结果335例（82%）术后随访3个月以上,其中273例（67%）随访0.5～5年,手术效果满意,再造耳形态逼真,颅耳角满意;358例（380耳）先天性小耳畸形术后复查听力,335耳术后听力有不同程度提高,其中84耳同时行耳道成形术和鼓室成形术,听力改善更明显;45耳术后听力无明显改善（＜10 dB）.结论自体肋软骨是耳再造的理想材料,双叶皮瓣及耳后沟皮瓣行耳再造效果满意,听力有所提高.     

耳后扩张的瘢痕瓣加Medpor支架行耳廓再造术

目的：探讨采用耳后乳突区瘢痕扩张皮瓣和Medpor支架行瘢痕性耳廓缺损再造术的效果。方法：12例因烧伤致耳廓缺损,采用耳后瘢痕扩张皮瓣包裹Medpor支架作耳廓再造术。结果：术后经6个月～3年随访,再造的耳廓瘢痕皮瓣血运皆良好,再造耳外形满意。结论：耳后皮肤瘢痕经扩张后,仍可用于耳廓缺损的再造术。     

扩张器法与乳突区局部皮瓣法耳再造的临床体会

目的 将扩张器法与乳突区局部皮瓣法耳再造术同期用于临床,以寻找·种疗效较为可靠的耳再造方法.方法 切取自体肋软骨雕刻成耳郭支架后,分别以扩张器扩张的皮肤及乳突区局部皮瓣覆盖支架.自2006年7月至20lO年8月,对28例(29只耳)患者行耳再造手术,并对术后效果进行比较.结果 采用扩张器法行耳再造的22例患者中,出现感染致再造耳失败并1例;出现血肿者1例,经处理后效果未受影响;出现皮肤破溃软骨外露者3例,经局部皮瓣转移后创面痊愈.余者均获得了较好的耳外行.采用乳突区局部皮瓣法行耳再造的6例患者,术后耳部轮廓清晰,再造的耳轮、对耳轮、三角窝等结构有显现;耳后植皮区出现了搬痕和色素沉着结论两种方法均获得了良好的耳再造效果.其中乳突区局部皮瓣法更能显现再造耳的精细结构,应为首选;扩张器法并发症稍多,但对于耳后乳突区皮肤不足者扩张器法是可选择的较好方法.     

改进的耳后乳突区皮瓣修复耳垂缺损

目的：探讨改进的耳后乳突区皮瓣再造耳垂的新方法及效果。方法：将耳后乳突区的双叶形皮瓣设计成圆锥形皮瓣再造耳垂。结果：用改进的耳后乳突区皮瓣折叠法再造耳垂6例，全部一期手术完成，再造耳垂外形自然流畅，供区瘢痕隐蔽。结论：改进的耳后乳突区皮瓣折叠法再造耳垂，手术创伤小、瘢痕隐蔽、再造耳垂外形自然，是一种值得推广应用的耳垂再造方法。     

耳郭再造术中颅耳角成形的体会

目的　探讨耳郭再造术中颅耳角成形的一种有效方法。方法　在颅耳沟处设计两个相对的三角形任意皮瓣 ,互相推进后交叉或对位缝合 ,加深颅耳沟 ,再造颅耳角。结果　本组患者共 6 2例 ,皮瓣全部成活 ,术后颅耳角维持于 2 0～ 4 0° ,形态稳定自然 ,效果满意。结论　该术式简单易行 ,安全可靠 ,是再造颅耳角的一种较为理想的手术方法。     

Medpor耳支架置入Ⅰ期耳再造

目的：探讨I期耳再造的新术式。方法：采用Medpor耳支架置入加颞浅动静脉岛状筋膜瓣并中厚皮片移植的方法行I期耳再造。结果：自1999年10月-2001年12月，完成全耳再造12例，均获得了满意效果。结论：本方法设计合理，手术一次完成，是一种较好的全耳再造方法。     

颞蒂耳后乳突区皮瓣Medpor支架全耳再造术

目的 探索可靠而有效的全耳再造新术式。方法 根据耳后乳突区皮瓣的血供构筑特征,设计以颞部为蒂的耳后乳突区皮瓣包裹整个Medpor耳支架全耳再造方法。结果 1999年7月-2000年4月共完成12例手术,随访3-12个月,均取得满意效果。结论 本法设计合理、操作比较简单,供区隐蔽,是一种比较理想的全耳再造方法。     

耳郭再造术中颅耳角成形的体会

目的探讨耳郭再造术中颅耳角成形的一种有效方法.方法在颅耳沟处设计两个相对的三角形任意皮瓣,互相推进后交叉或对位缝合,加深颅耳沟,再造颅耳角.结果本组患者共62例,皮瓣全部成活,术后颅耳角维持于20～40°,形态稳定自然,效果满意.结论该术式简单易行,安全可靠,是再造颅耳角的一种较为理想的手术方法.     

两种扩张的筋膜皮瓣法耳再造的效果比较

目的:探讨比较两种扩张筋膜皮瓣(简称:A组单纯耳后扩张皮瓣;B组,耳后联合双层筋膜皮瓣)包裹支架行全耳廓再造术的临床方法和效果。方法:对先天性小耳畸形患者均采用Medpor为支架,分别行两种皮瓣方式覆盖支架。A组:30例行耳后乳突区单纯扩张皮瓣包裹支架;B组:38例行耳后双层联合筋膜皮瓣包裹支架行全耳再造术。结果:A组30例患者中,出现血肿者2例,出现皮肤破溃假体外露1例,经局部换药皮瓣转移后创面痊愈。B组联合双层扩张耳后筋膜皮瓣38例患者中,术后耳部轮廓清晰,再造耳轮,对耳轮、耳甲腔等精细结构显现。供区无需植皮,色差及瘢痕均不显。结论:两种方法比较均获得较好的临床效果。其中耳后联合双层筋膜皮瓣法更能显现再造耳的微细结构,避免假体外露,为临床首选的一种好方法。     

耳后皮下组织蒂皮瓣在耳前缺损修复中的应用

目的：介绍耳后皮下组织蒂皮瓣在耳前缺损修复中的应用。方法：2006年5月～2010年10月间,应用耳后皮下组织蒂皮瓣修复耳前缺损32例。于耳后及乳突区设计耳后皮下组织蒂皮瓣,按设计线切开皮肤,自皮瓣远端开始向周围潜行分离形成皮瓣,旋转修复耳前缺损。结果：应用此法修复耳前缺损32例,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,皮瓣全部成活,术区平整,耳部形态满意,远期瘢痕不明显。结论：耳后皮下组织蒂皮瓣修复耳前缺损,方法简单,手术效果肯定,能达到良好的美学效果,是一种较理想的修复方法。     

蝶形耳廓畸形的分型与手术修复

目的对具有耳廓中、下1/3发育不良和先天性招风耳、贝壳耳综合特征的蝶形耳廓畸形进行分型及手术修复。方法Ⅰ型蝶形耳廓利用软骨翻转折叠缝合法修复;Ⅱ型蝶形耳廓采用局部皮瓣转移法修复;Ⅲ型蝶形耳廓运用软组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架法修复。结果2001年10月至2005年3月,应用软骨翻转折叠缝合法修复Ⅰ型蝶形耳廓4例,完全纠正了耳颅角过大,重建了耳舟和对耳轮;利用局部皮瓣法修复Ⅱ型蝶形耳廓6例,术后耳廓较对侧略小,形态满意;采用软组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架法修复Ⅲ型蝶形耳廓9例,术后移植软骨、皮片成活良好,耳廓和对侧大小、形态一致。结论根据蝶形耳廓畸形的严重程度将其分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,并分别运用软骨翻转折叠缝合法、局部皮瓣转移法、软组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架法修复,手术效果好,适于推广。     

逆行耳前耳廓复合组织瓣显微移植再造鼻亚结构

目的探索吻合逆行颞浅血管供血的耳前耳廓复合组织瓣移植修复鼻亚结构缺损的临床应用方法。方法2003年6月~2005年8月,应用显微外科技术,游离移植逆行颞浅血管供血的同侧耳前耳廓复合组织瓣,修复鼻尖、鼻软三角和鼻翼全层缺损12例,男4例,女8例;年龄14~35岁。鼻尖鼻软三角联合缺损3例,单侧鼻翼缺损9例。病程6个月~12年。术中切取组织瓣范围2.0 cm×1.5 cm~3.0 cm×2.5 cm,逆行血管蒂长4~6 cm。血管蒂直接与受区附近的鼻旁角动脉吻合。结果11例组织瓣血管与角动脉和静脉直接吻合,1例因未找到受区适宜血管,采用血管移植方法与供区颞浅血管近侧残端吻合。术后12例移植组织瓣全部成活。均获随访3~6个月,患者对术后鼻的外形满意,对供区耳廓及耳前的术后修复结果能接受。结论逆行颞浅血管供血的耳前耳廓复合组织瓣移植修复鼻亚结构缺损,可避免血管移植供区损伤,减少血管吻合口数量及副创伤,提高手术成功率,值得进一步临床推广。     

枕动脉岛状筋膜瓣修复再造耳支架外露

目的：介绍一种修复再造耳支架外露的有效方法。方法：2000年12月至2001年12月，采用枕动脉岛状筋膜瓣＋游离皮片移植修复再造耳支架外露6例7耳。结果：6例7耳枕动脉岛状筋膜瓣全部成活，无一例发生坏死及支架再露，再造耳支架外露修复外形满意。结论：枕动脉岛状筋膜瓣＋游离皮片移植是修复再造耳支架外露的一种有效方法。     

Question Mark Ear Deformity and a Modified Surgical Correction Method: A Case Report

Question mark ear (Cosman ear) deformity, a rare congenital malformation, is characterized by a cleft between the helix and the ear lobe and marked prominence of the auricles. Although the features of question mark ear deformity are well described in the literature, there is no definitive surgical technique for repair of this deformity, Several surgical methods have been introduced for the correction of the deformity. These techniques mainly provide for repair of the cleft between the helix and ear lobe. However, marked prominence of the upper auricle usually is also present with the cleft. We modified the surgical technique to correct the cleft and the upper prominence at the same time. With this procedure, the cleft is exposed by raising a vertical cutaneous flap based on the cleft on the posterior side of the ear, After anterior scoring to form the antihelix and cleft repair using an ipsilateral conchal cartilage graft, the cutaneous flap is used to cover the cartilage graft and the flap donor site is closed primarily to facilitate restoration of the antihelix. The authors report on a patient with Cosman ear and introduce their modified technique that can be used for repair of the cleft between the helix and ear lobe and the prominence of the upper helix in the same procedure.     

A new dog ear correction technique.

When moving a local flap, a dog ear sometimes appears at the base of the flap. If we try to correct the dog ear primarily, the blood supply to the flap may be disturbed. In such a case, the dog ear is prone to be corrected secondarily. In the present report we show a new technique for correcting a dog ear that enables correction to be done primarily and sufficiently. The principle of the technique is to de-epithelialise the dog ear portion and dig it in to the dermis to preserve the subdermal plexus at the base of the flap intact. This method is useful especially at the base of a transposition flap because the pedicle tends to be narrowed by the conventional correction.     

Preauricular flap for post burn ear lobe reconstruction - a case report

Burns of the face often affect the ear causing deformation of the pinna or ear lobe due to perichondritis or loss of cartilage and excess scarring. The reconstruction of the ear lobe may be limited due to scarring of the surrounding tissues. We describe a preauricular flap for reconstruction of the anterior and posterior surface of the ear lobe following burn injury. This two stage technique of ear lobe reconstruction by a preauricular flap is not described in the available literature. An inferiorly based preauricular flap was harvested in a young lady who had post burn loss of the right ear lobe. This was folded on itself and sutured to reconstruct both surfaces of the ear lobe. After 6 months, it was released from its attachment at the retromandibular area to define the cheek lobe angle and to shape it. The preauricular flap for ear lobe contouring is a simple and easy technique. An adequate length may be harvested without significant donor site morbidity.     

Utility of a Bilayered Banner Transposition Flap in Reconstruction of the Lower Third of the Pinna

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the entire ear lobule is challenging and complex. We present a case in which a banner transposition flap from the preauricular and mandibular area of the cheek resulted in an excellent cosmetic outcome. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the utility of a bilayered banner transposition flap to reconstruct a full-thickness defect of the inferior one-third of the pinna. METHODS: The technique employed in this reconstruction is described and previously reported techniques are reviewed. RESULTS: A symmetrical earlobe with normal tissue consistency was created, as noted at 4 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Utilization of a banner transposition flap should be considered as an excellent method for reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the lower one-third of the ear.     

Extended retroauricular advancement flap reconstruction of a full-thickness auricular defect including posteromedial and retroauricular skin

The retroauricular skin flap is a useful technique to provide skin coverage for full-thickness ear defects resulting from trauma or oncological resection. Defects that involve the posteromedial and retroauricular skin, however, limit the use of this flap. An extended retroauricular flap used to reconstruct a middle-third marginal defect extending anteriorly into the concha and posteriorly onto the retroauricular skin is described. Triangular extensions of retroauricular skin adjacent to the distal aspect of the flap as well as flap elevation posteriorly into the scalp were used to increase flap length. This technique provided acceptable aesthetic results with minimal distortion of ear shape and contour.     

耳后联合双层筋膜瓣Medpor支架全耳再造的临床研究

目的:探讨采用颞顶筋膜瓣与耳后筋膜皮瓣(简称:耳后联合双层筋膜瓣),Medpor支架行先天性小耳畸形全耳再造术的方法和效果。方法:采用颞顶支为血管蒂的岛状筋膜瓣移转至残耳乳突区耳后,与耳后乳突区筋膜皮瓣同期同步进行扩张,然后将扩张的耳后联合双层筋膜皮瓣包裹Medpor支架行全耳廓再造。结果:本组患者中经3个月~3年的随访,再造耳皮肤颜色与耳周缘面部相接近,微细结构清晰,颅耳角与健耳对称,形态结构好。结论:耳后联合双层筋膜瓣+Medpor支架行全耳廓再造,既能有效避免支架外露和传统手术供区胸壁畸形,又能避免切取自体肋软骨增加的创伤及痛苦。再造耳皮肤颜色与正常肤色相似,形态满意,是一种值得推广的手术方法。