胰腺囊性良恶性病变的CT诊断

目的分析胰腺囊性病变的CT表现, 提高胰腺病变的CT诊断准确率。方法 回顾分析经手术、病理证实的22例胰腺囊性病变的CT表现。螺旋CT机为TOSHIBA Aquilion 16多层螺旋CT机, 采用平扫和双期(动脉期, 门静脉期)增强扫描, 层厚7.0mm, 螺距1.0, 非离子型碘对比剂总量100mL, 注射流率3mL/s, 动脉、门脉期扫描分别为30s和70s。结果 胰腺假性囊肿12例, 平扫为囊状水样密度影, 增强扫描囊壁轻度强化, 内无分隔。胰腺脓肿4例, 平扫为类圆形液性密度, CT值为24Hu左右, 内见小气泡影, 增强扫描囊壁呈环形明显强化。胰腺囊腺瘤4例, 平扫为类圆形的水样或肌肉样密度影, 增强扫描囊壁分隔及壁结节呈不规则强化, 囊壁厚度＜2mm。胰腺囊腺癌2例, 平扫呈囊状水样密度及壁结节, 其内有分隔, 增强扫描囊壁、壁结节及分隔可见不规则明显强化, 囊壁厚度＞2mm, 1例伴有肝内转移及腹膜后淋巴结转移。结论 胰腺囊性病变有各自的CT特征, 但相似之处较多, 结合临床病史、必要时密切随访加以鉴别, 可提高胰腺病变的CT诊断准确率。     

颌骨造釉细胞瘤各种亚型的CT诊断

背景与目的:颌骨造釉细胞瘤根据生物学行为和组织病理学特点可分为多个亚型,其预后各不相同。本研究探讨实性或多囊型造釉细胞瘤(solidormulticysticameloblastoma,SMA)、单囊型造釉细胞瘤(unicysticameloblastoma,UA)和恶性造釉细胞瘤(malignantameloblastoma,MA)的临床和CT影像特点,以提高CT诊断的准确性。方法:收集经病理证实的SMA14例、UA6例和MA5例,对各种亚型的临床和CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果:SMA、UA和MA患者首次就诊时的中位年龄分别为33.5岁、20.5岁和56岁,在CT上的横断面最大径平均值分别为33mm,46mm和59mm。SMA病变中11例(79%)平扫时与肌肉相比呈等低混杂密度,3例(21%)呈较均匀等密度,12例(86%)边缘呈分叶状,13例(93%)骨壳被穿破,6例(43%)形成软组织肿块,但病灶的边界都清楚,10例(71%)见不全骨性分隔,9例(64%)邻近牙根被吸收,11例行增强扫描的病例中9例(82%)呈显著强化。UA病变平扫时与肌肉相比内部都呈均匀低密度,其中4例(67%)呈较规整的圆形或椭圆形,2例(33%)呈分叶状,3例(50%)局部骨皮质有缺损,但未见软组织肿块形成,1例(17%)见不全骨性分隔,2例(33%)邻近牙根有吸收,行增强扫描的3例囊壁均呈轻中度的强化。5例MA的病灶都呈分叶状,且骨皮质均被穿破并有软组织肿块形成,边界不清,其中3例(60%)平扫时与肌肉相比呈等低混杂密度,2例(40%)呈较均匀等密度,3例(60%)可见不全的骨性分隔,3例(60%)见牙根的吸收或破坏,行增强扫描的3例都呈明显强化。结论:SMA多见于中年人,在CT上多表现为强化明显的囊实性肿块,边界清楚;UA常见于年轻人,在CT上表现为囊性肿物,囊壁轻中度强化;MA多见于老年患者,在CT上常显示广泛骨破坏,软组织肿块常见,强化明显,边界不清。综合分析CT征象和临床表现有助于对造釉细胞瘤的上述亚型进行鉴别。     

超声在肝脏囊性恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨灰阶及彩色多普勒超声对肝脏囊性恶性肿瘤的临床诊断价值。方法 分析了16例肝脏囊性恶性肿瘤的灰阶及彩色多普勒特征。其中肝脏原发肿瘤8例,转移性肝肿瘤8例。灰阶超声观察肿瘤的大小、形态、数目、囊壁的厚度及内部回声,多普勒超声观察肿瘤的供血状况并测定其流速。结果 原发肿瘤以单发病灶多见,转移性肿瘤以多发病灶多见。肿瘤直径为1.9-13.6cm。8例呈类圆形,5例为不规则形,3例呈分叶状。15例表现为囊壁不规则增厚,7例内有厚分隔,6例可见向囊腔内突起的乳头样结节。彩色多普勒显示14例于壁内、乳头结节内或分隔上引出血流信号,其中13例为搏动性血流信号。结论 肝脏囊性恶性肿瘤的灰阶超声表现为厚壁不规则的囊性病变,彩色多普勒能够较好地反映其囊壁、分隔及乳头内的血流信号,为肝脏囊性恶性肿瘤的诊断提供了重要依据。     

Prospective comparison of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with conventional assessment by computed tomography scans and serum tumor markers for the evaluation of residual masses in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: To assess the ability of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to predict the viability of residual masses after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (GCT), PET results were compared in a blinded analysis with computed tomography (CT) scans and serum tumor marker changes (TUM) as established methods of assessment. METHODS: Independent reviewers who were blinded to each other's results evaluated the PET results and corresponding CT scan and TUM results in 85 residual lesions from 45 patients. All patients were treated within prospective clinical trials and received primary/salvage, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell support for primary poor prognosis disease or recurrent disease. PET results were assessed both visually and by quantifying glucose uptake (standardized uptake values). Results were validated either by histologic examination of a resected mass and/or biopsy (n = 28 lesions) or by a 6-month clinical follow-up after evaluation (n = 57 lesions). RESULTS: F-18 FDG PET showed increased tracer uptake in 32 of 85 residual lesions, with 29 true positive (TP) lesions and three false positive (FP) lesions. Fifty-three lesions were classified by PET as negative (no viable GCT), 33 lesions were classified by PET as true negative (TN), and 20 lesions were classified by PET as false negative (FN). In the blinded reading of the corresponding CT scan and TUM results, 38 residual lesions were assessed correctly as containing viable carcinoma and/or teratoma. Forty-six lesions were classified as non-suspicious by CT scan/TUM (33 TN lesions and 14 falsely classified lesions). PET correctly predicted the presence of viable carcinoma in 5 of these 14 and the absence of viable carcinoma in 3 of these 14 lesions. Resulting sensitivities and specificities for the prediction of residual mass viability were as follows: PET, 59% sensitivity and 92% specificity; radiologic monitoring, 55% sensitivity and 86% specificity; and TUM, 42% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values for PET were 91% and 62%, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of PET did not improve when patients with teratomatous elements in the primary tumor were excluded from the analysis. In patients with multiple residual masses, a uniformly increased residual F-18 FDG uptake in all lesions was a strong predictor for the presence of viable carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: F-18 FDG PET imaging performed in conjunction with conventional staging methods offers additional information for the prediction of residual mass histology in patients with nonseminomatous GCT. A positive PET is highly predictive for the presence of viable carcinoma. Other useful indications for a PET examination include patients with multiple residual masses and patients with marker negative disease.     

卵巢子宫内膜样腺癌PET/CT影像表现

目的:分析卵巢子宫内膜样腺癌（ovarian endometrioid carcinoma,OEC）的PET/CT影像表现,探讨PET/CT在诊断OEC中的价值。方法:回顾性分析颈手术病例证实的27例OEC患者的PET/CT影像特征,包括位置、大小、密度等解剖学特点及18F-FDG代谢水平特征,两组或多组病灶SUVmax值有无差异采用t检验或单因素方差分析。结果:27例患者中有7例同时合并子宫内膜癌;17例为单侧发生（其中左侧7例,右侧10例）,10为双侧发生,共有病灶37个;肿瘤最大径1.5~24 cm,平均（10.92±5.73） cm。31个为囊实性肿物,6个为实性肿物,实性部分均表现为不同程度18F-FDG高摄取,平均SUVmax值为14.30±5.83（5.93~28.33）。肿瘤临床分期,分化程度,雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor,PR）表达量及合并子宫内膜癌与否之间的SUVmax差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论:OEC在PET/CT上多为单侧或双侧明显高代谢的较大囊实性肿块,可伴有腹盆腔种植转移和淋巴结转移,与其他卵巢恶性肿瘤鉴别较困难。如果患者同时合并子宫内膜癌,可对诊断有一定的提示作用。PET/CT全身显像有助于OEC的分期。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT、MR表现与手术病理对照研究

目的:研究肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HAML)的CT、MR表现及其病理基础,提高对该病的认识.方法:回顾性分析了10例经手术病理证实为HAML的CT、MR表现,并与病理组织学对照.结果:CT平扫呈不均匀低密度,内见斑点状、务状及片状更低密度区,边界清楚.MR中,3例T1WI表现为以低信号为主,内见斑点状、细条状高信号,T2WI为不均匀高信号.1例呈"靶"征,CT平扫中心密度与肝实质相仿,周围被更低密度环绕,对应MR在T1WI呈中心低信号,周围环绕高信号.CT、MR增强扫描均表现动脉期明显强化,门脉期和(或)延迟期中度和轻度强化.1例瘤内伴假性动脉瘤,2例有假包膜,表现在门脉期和(或)延迟期病变边缘环形强化.结论:CT、MR表现可反映其病理组织学基础,对微小脂肪灶的检出及病变增强扫描特点有助于HAML的诊断.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的超声和CT诊断（附7例报告）

目的：探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的超声和CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的7例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的超声和CT影像表现。结果：囊性结构为主4例,实性结构为主1例,囊、实结构比例相近2例;二维超声瘤体表现为囊、实混合性肿物;CT平扫囊性呈低密度,实性呈等低密度,钙化3例,增强扫描实性部分明显强化,囊性部分各期均无强化。结论：胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤超声和CT影像具有一定特征性,有利于诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Comparison of 18FDG-PET with CT scans in the evaluation of patients with residual and recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma

The reliable assessment of residual masses after treatment as well as of new lesions suspected for relapse remains a diagnostic problem in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). The current study compares the results obtained by CT scan to FDG-PET imaging in a blind analysis with respect to the viability of residual masses and in case of suspected relapse. Between 1/94 and 10/99, 47 comparisons of PET and corresponding CT scans - 26 comparisons in 24 patients with residual tumors and 21 comparisons in 20 patients with suspected relapse of HD - were evaluated by independent reviewers blinded to he results of each other. Patients with primary diagnosis had been treated within trials of the German HD Trial study group. Relapsed patients received intensified salvage chemotherapy regimens. PET was assessed visually and by quantifying glucose uptake (SUV). Changes in size of tumor lesions as well as contrast medium enhancement served as criteria for assessment by CT scans. Results were validated either by histologic examination of a resected mass or biopsy (n=17) or by a clinical follow-up over 6 months following treatment (n=30). In 26 cases with residual lesions FDG-PET showed an increased tracer uptake in 8, 7 of which were true positive (TP) and 1 false positive (FP). Eighteen cases were classified as being negative (no viable HD), 17 true negative (TN) and 1 FN. In the blinded reading of the corresponding CT scans, 10 cases with residual lesions were considered to contain vital lymphoma (2 TP, 8 FP). Sixteen CT scans were classified as negative (10 TP, 6 FN). The resulting sensitivity and specificity of PET were 87.5% and 94.4% in contrast to only 25% and 56% for CT scans. The positive and negative predictive values of PET and CT scans were 87.5% and 94.4% and 20% and 62.5%, respectively. In patients with suspected relapse, sensitivity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of the relapse were 100% and 86%, respectively, yielding the same results for both methods. FDG-PET performed in HD patients with residual masses appears to offer important additional information regarding the presence of viable HD in these residual lesions. In patients with suspected relapse of HD, FDG-PET seems not to offer any information over CT scans. Using SUVs is not superior to visual assessment of PET alone.     

外周型原始神经外胚层肿瘤的CT和MRI影像特征

背景与目的:外周型原始神经外胚层肿瘤(primitive neuroectodermal tumor,PNET)用组织学方法检查难以与其它的小圆形细胞肿瘤(如尤文氏肉瘤)区别.本研究目的在于分析和探讨外周型PNET的CT和MRI影像特征.方法:回顾性分析7例经病理证实的外周型PNET的CT和MRI表现.结果:7例PNET发病部位分别为左鼻翼、右下颌骨、左/右胸壁、左精索、胸椎旁及腰段椎管内.发生于软组织的PNET CT表现主要为边界不清的软组织肿块,密度不均匀伴坏死、囊变,无钙化,增强后明显不均匀强化.发生于骨的PNET CT表现为溶骨性骨质破坏并伴巨大软组织肿块形成.发生于椎旁或椎管内的PNET MRI表现为与脊髓和马尾分界清的软组织肿块,在T1WI上呈稍低或等信号改变,在T2WI上呈稍高或等信号改变.结论:外周型PNET的CT和MRI表现缺乏特异性影像特征;CT和MRI检查可显示肿瘤的范围和发现远处转移,对确定手术的可切除性及评价治疗效果有重要参考价值.     

卵巢囊性病变蒂扭转的MSCT表现与诊断价值

目的:探讨卵巢囊性病变蒂扭转的MSCT表现与诊断价值。方法:回顾分析10例经手术病理证实的卵巢囊性病变蒂扭转的CT资料。结果:10例CT平扫均出现盆腔内囊实性双肿块,实性肿块与一侧子宫角或输卵管相连;囊壁均匀或不均匀增厚,合并囊内出血2例;卵巢明显肿大2例;6例子宫偏向扭转侧;2例合并腹盆腔积液,其中1例为血性渗液。结论:卵巢囊性病变蒂扭转的CT表现具有一定特征性,MSCT扫描作为超声检查的一种补充检查方法,对卵巢囊性病变蒂扭转的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

肾占位性病变的CT定性诊断

目的分析肾占位性病变的CT表现,探讨CT对该类疾病的定性诊断价值。方法对手术/病例证实的28例肾占位性病变进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行平扫和增强扫描。结果肾恶性肿瘤21例(75%),其中肾癌(RCC)16例,CT表现为肾实质内形态不规则的低密度软组织肿块,增强后不强化或轻度强化;肾盂癌2例,CT表现为肾盂内软组织肿块影,增强后不强化或轻度强化。肾母细胞瘤(Wilms瘤)3例,CT表现为较大不规则的分叶肿块,增强后不强化;肾良性肿瘤3例(11%),均为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(ALL),两例CT表现为多种不同成分的混杂密度肿块,一例表现为均匀等密度肿块,增强后软组织部分强化,而脂肪成分不强化。其它4例(14%),3例肾囊肿,CT表现为典型的边界清楚的囊性病灶,增强后未见强化;1例肾脓肿,CT表现为实质性与囊性混杂密度的肿块,增强后实质性部分有轻度强化,囊性部分不强化。结论CT平扫及增强扫描,以及诊断过程中密切结合病史,对肾占位性病变有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

脐尿管癌的CT诊断

目的探讨脐尿管癌的CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的18例脐尿管癌及炎性病变患者的临床资料和CT表现。结果脐尿管癌15例，脐尿管炎性病变3例。所有患者的病变部位均在腹中线Retzius间隙脐尿管走行区，其中17例位于脐尿管膀胱交界区的膀胱顶壁或前壁，1例位于脐尿管上端。15例脐尿管癌cT扫描时呈囊实性（11例）或实性（4例）；6例可见病灶中心或周边点状、斑点状或弧形钙化。3例脐尿管炎性病变中，1例为囊肿伴感染，表现为厚壁囊性肿块；2例为慢性炎性肉芽肿，表现为软组织肿块；3例炎性病灶周同脂肪间隙均呈明显炎性反应，可见较多斑片、条索影。结论脐尿管癌的CT表现具有特征性，CT扫描能提供较为准确的定位和定性诊断信息。     

肝癌螺旋CT双期增强扫描影像学特征及CT假阳性病灶的病理分析

背景与目的:肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)螺旋CT双期增强扫描"快进快出"的特点与其它病变存在交叉重叠的现象,为进一步提高螺旋CT对肝细胞癌诊断的准确性,探讨与肝癌螺旋CT双期扫描特点类似的病变,分析出现假阳性病灶的原因,并阐明它们与病理之间的关系.方法:收集自2000年12月至2002年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心行螺旋CT双期增强扫描发现肝内病灶,并经手术切除、病理证实的病例52例(男性49例,女性3例),CT扫描共发现56个病灶.分析、总结肝癌病灶动脉期与门脉期增强特点,螺旋CT所见假阳性(false positive)病灶与病理结果对照分析.结果:本组52例的56个病灶中,癌灶51个,其中49个为肝细胞癌病灶,另有2例为肝细胞与胆管细胞的混合癌;假阳性灶5个.全部肝癌病灶动脉期明显不均匀强化;门脉期不均匀低密度;巨块型肝癌癌灶内可见不同程度坏死,小肝癌与结节性肝癌病灶内坏死较少见.病灶大部分边缘清楚,可见包膜.另外5个为CT扫描的假阳性病灶(8.9%),假阳性病灶病理诊断包括肝硬化结节增生、再生结节,肝硬化合并胆管增生、胆管结石合并胆管壁的炎性反应、纤维增生.假阳性病灶的螺旋CT征象与肝癌灶类似.结论:螺旋CT双期增强扫描对肝癌典型病灶可以明确诊断.假阳性病灶与典型的肝癌病灶双期螺旋扫描的CT征象差别不大,应结合临床资料进行分析,行随诊观察或病理活检证实.     

肾占位性病变的CT定性诊断(英文)

目的分析肾占位性病变的 CT 表现,探讨 CT 对该类疾病的定性诊断价值。方法对手术/病例证实的28例肾占位性病变进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行平扫和增强扫描。结果肾恶性肿瘤21例(75%),其中肾癌(RCC)16例,CT 表现为肾实质内形态不规则的低密度软组织肿块,增强后不强化或轻度强化;肾盂癌2例,CT 表现为肾盂内软组织肿块影,增强后不强化或轻度强化。肾母细胞瘤(Wilms 瘤)3例,CT 表现为较大不规则的分叶肿块,增强后不强化;肾良性肿瘤3例(11%),均为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(ALL),两例 CT 表现为多种不同成分的混杂密度肿块,一例表现为均匀等密度肿块,增强后软组织部分强化,而脂肪成分不强化。其它4例(14%),3例肾囊肿,CT 表现为典型的边界清楚的囊性病灶,增强后未见强化;1例肾脓肿,CT 表现为实质性与囊性混杂密度的肿块,增强后实质性部分有轻度强化,囊性部分不强化。结论 CT 平扫及增强扫描,以及诊断过程中密切结合病史,对肾占位性病变有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

少见成人腹部淋巴管瘤的CT表现及临床特点

目的:对成人腹部淋巴管瘤的临床资料、CT表现进行分析,结合文献对其进行总结、讨论,以提高其术前诊断正确率。方法:回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的罕见腹部淋巴管瘤的CT表现及临床资料,总结其诊治要点。结果:5例病变中,女性4例,男性1例,发病年龄37～59岁（平均51.6岁）。2例患者无明显临床症状而在体检时发现,其余3例均以腹部包块伴或不伴腹痛、腹胀为首发症状。3例患者存在腹部手术史,2例分别伴有外伤及输血史。病变体积均较大,最大径从4.3～33cm不等。呈爬行性或塑形生长,边界尚清,表现为不同程度的占位效应致使临近组织结构受压移位。病变呈囊性者2例;囊实性者1例,其内可见线样钙化影;实质性者2例,病变周围可见清晰的包膜结构环绕。增强扫描病变部分示病灶囊壁及包膜轻度强化,部分病灶未见明显强化成分。病理证实4例为囊性淋巴管瘤,1例为海绵状淋巴管瘤,其中1例来源于脾脏,3例位于腹腔,1例位于腹膜后。确诊后均经手术完整切除,术后3年未见复发。结论:淋巴管瘤是成人腹部极少见的占位性病变,CT平扫及增强检查能够提供较多的诊断信息,根据其CT图像及临床资料特点,尤其是当患者有明确手术及外伤史,且病变为囊性并呈“爬行性生长”、临床出现巨大占位与轻微占位效应不相称时,首先考虑囊性淋巴管瘤的诊断,并在与腹部其他病变甄别后常可做出正确诊断。     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现

目的探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的5例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT资料。结果肿瘤最长径2.5~11.9cm,平均6.5cm,边缘规整,分叶明显。CT平扫呈密度欠均匀的低密度肿物,CT增强扫描肿瘤内部的分隔中度或明显强化而呈网格状或蜂窝状;分隔厚度1.5~2.5mm,平均2.1mm;肿瘤内部囊的数目较多,直径1.6~12mm。1例肿瘤中心有粗大的点状钙化。结论大部分胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现比较典型,结合临床特征并注意与粘液性囊性瘤或癌等鉴别可在术前作出正确诊断。     

Multifocal biliary cystadenocarcinoma of the liver: CT and pathologic findings

Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that originates from the hepatobiliary epithelium. Although this tumor can affect any portion of the biliary tree, intrahepatic location is more common. It is usually a slow growing tumor and often asymptomatic until it reaches a considerable size. The lesion is most often solitary and large when discovered; multiple lesions or metastases within the liver are very rare. A 63-year-old man was referred to our institute for weight loss, abdominal discomfort, worsening bulky symptoms in the right upper abdominal quadrant, and an increase in serum aminotransferases that had been present for several months. Spiral CT of the abdomen demonstrated two lesions, a larger one and a distant intrahepatic lesion, with a multiloculated cystic aspect, a thin peripheral capsule, multiple solid peripheral portions, and irregular septa enhancing in the portal phase after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium. The diagnosis of multifocal cystadenocarcinoma of the liver was confirmed by surgical laparoscopy and biopsy of the lesion. The patient was treated with chemotherapy.     

Periampullary localized pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-3 (PanIN-3): evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography (MRCP)

Background

The early determination of premalignant lesions of pancreas can prevent unnecessary excessive surgical procedures and can reduce morbidity and mortality. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-3 (PanIN-3) is a preinvasive form of adenocarcinoma (carcinoma in situ). PanINs have not taken place in the literature of radiology yet, it should be considered in differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Case report

A patient with preliminary diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis who had choledocolithiasis and periampullary pancreatic cyst detected by noncontrast-enhanced (NCE) and contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) is presented. Pathological examination results of gallbladder and pancreatic cyst were reported as gallbladder adenocarcinoma and PanIN-3, respectively.

Conclusions

Pancreatic cystic lesions with thin septa which enhances slightly with the administration of contrast material may represent PanIN-3. In patients with cystic pancreatic lesion localized at periampullary region, using CE-MRCP together with NCE-MRCP could be useful in the evaluation of pancreatic cystic masses as well as other abdominal pathologies.     

256层CT双期增强对腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的诊断价值北大核心

目的:探讨腮腺基底细胞腺瘤CT双期增强的特征。方法:回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实为腮腺基底细胞腺瘤患者的临床和CT资料,对肿瘤的直径、部位、形态、边缘、密度及强化程度进行分析。结果:11例中女性6例,中位年龄62岁(43~85岁),均为单发,直径在18~42 mm。10例位于浅叶;1例跨深浅两叶。9例类圆形、边界清,2例浅分叶,边缘毛糙。4例为实性、密度均匀,7例有比例不等的囊变。瘤体实性部分平扫密度类似周围软组织,增强扫描实性部分动脉期均显著强化,强化幅度>40 HU,静脉期强化程度减低3例,8例接近或略高于动脉期,囊变部分无强化。结论:腮腺基底细胞腺瘤单发、易囊变、动脉期显著强化是典型的CT征象,结合临床特点有助于肿瘤的定性诊断。     

Cystic pulmonary metastatic sarcoma

Neoplastic cavitary lesions are an unusual type of pulmonary metastases. The authors report two cases of cystic metastatic sarcoma of the lungs that illustrate the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of these lesions. In one patient, multiple small, thin-walled cystic metastases from a lower leg leiomyosarcoma were the only manifestation of metastatic disease. The cystic lesions did not change over an 8-month period and a diagnosis of malignancy was not established until spontaneous pneumothorax, presumably due to rupture of the malignant blebs, prompted a thoracotomy. In the second patient, three thin-walled bullae developed after treatment of noncystic pulmonary metastases from a lower-leg synovial sarcoma. In both patients, the cystic lesions were not evident on chest radiographs, but were well visualized with computed tomography (CT), where they mimicked benign bullous disease. However, additional small cavitary lesions not seen with CT were present in resected pulmonary wedge specimens from both patients. A great degree of variability in the cellular composition of the cyst wall lining in both cases, and a lack of any solid neoplastic tissue masses in one case, led to histopathologic difficulties that required immunohistochemical studies for definitive diagnosis of the metastatic disease. These cases show that pulmonary bullae, even though thin-walled and benign-appearing on CT, may be a manifestation of pulmonary metastases. These lesions must therefore be surgically removed from patients in whom a curative resection of pulmonary metastases is warranted.