Tei指数评价冠心病患者心功能的临床研究

目的 :探讨 Tei指数评价冠心病患者心功能的临床价值。方法 :冠状动脉造影检查显示左冠状动脉主干或其主要分支至少 1支狭窄≥ 70 %的患者 45例 ,根据左室射血分数 (EF)分为 EF正常组 (EF≥ 50 % ,2 6例 ,A组 ) ,EF低下组 (EF<50 % ,1 9例 ,B组 )。正常对照组 2 7例 (C组 )。行常规超声心动图检查测量左室舒张末期内径和收缩末期内径 (LVDd,LVDs) ,二尖瓣口血流图舒张早期和舒张晚期血流峰值之比 (E/A)、 E峰减速时间 (DT)、左室等容舒张时间 (IVRT)、肺静脉血流图收缩波和舒张波之比 (S/D)以及 Tei指数。结果 :A组和 B组的 LVDd和 LVDs较 C组增大 [(50 .2 7± 4.56) mm,(60 .0 0± 5.1 9) mm和 (46.67± 2 .59) mm;(33.62± 4.74) mm,(44.89± 6.1 1 ) mm和 (2 9.1 1± 1 .69) mm,P值均 <0 .0 1 ] ,IVRT较 C组延长 [(1 2 3.2 1± 1 5.0 0 ) ms,(1 1 9.47± 1 9.74) ms和 (1 0 3.0 9± 1 1 .82 ) ms,P值均 <0 .0 1 ] ;B组的 DT较 C组缩短 [(1 4 4 .74± 33.2 6) ms和 (1 78.0 6± 2 2 .46) ms,P值均 <0 .0 1 ] ;A组的 S/D较 C组增大 (1 .41± 0 .1 5和 1 .2 7± 0 .2 0 ,P<0 .0 5) ;A组和 B组的 Tei指数均较 C组延长 (0 .71± 0 .1 2 ,0 .87± 0 .2 4和 0 .46± 0 .0 9,P值均 <0 .0 1 ) ,而且B组延长的     

彩色多普勒超声观察陈旧性心肌梗死部位与左室功能改变

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声观察陈旧性心肌梗死患者的定位与左室功能。方法　观察对象为 4 2例心肌梗死患者和 4 0例正常人。根据心肌梗死部位 ,分为前壁梗死组 (OMI- AN) 2 0例 ,下壁心肌梗死 (OMI-IN) 2 2例。用多普勒超声心动图研究了左室收缩和舒张功能 ,Tei指数的定义为 :左室等容收缩期加等容舒张期之和除以射血时间。结果　OMI- IN组梗死部位瘢痕组织范围大于 OMI- IN,分别是 OMI- IN(4.1± 2 .1) cm,OMI-IN (2 .3± 2 .5 ) cm,(P <0 .0 1) ,OMI- IN,OMI- IN和对照组左室舒张末内径分别为 (5 7.6± 6 .2 ) mm,(5 2 .5± 5 .1) mm,和 (47.2± 3.7) mm (P <0 .0 1) ;左室射血分数 (EF)分别是 4 8.6± 7,5 8.0± 7和 6 5 .8± 9(P<0 .0 5 ) ;E/ A比值分别为 0 .99± 0 .14 ,0 .72± 0 .2 5和 1.3± 0 .2 3(p <0 .0 5 ) ;Tei指数分别是 0 .72± 0 .14 ,0 .4 9± 0 .18和 0 .38± 0 .12 ,(p <0 .0 0 1) ;舒张早期充盈时间 (DT) OMI- IN组短于 OMI- IN组。结论　心肌梗死部位与左室收缩及舒张功能有关 ,OMI- IN组梗死范围较大 ,左室功能亦低于 OMI- IN患者。     

血透中枸橼酸钠和肝素对静脉穿刺留置导管封管的比较研究

目的　比较血透中枸橼酸钠和肝素对静脉穿刺留置导管封管的效果。方法　 4 3例患者随机分成两组 ,研究组 (A组 ) 2 1例 ,对照组 (B组 ) 2 2例。A组用 5 %的枸橼酸钠 1.2毫升注入留置导管动静脉管腔 ,B组用 1%的肝素。结果　导管留置时间、导管堵塞、出血、血流量、静脉压A、B组分别为(31± 7)天Vs(2 8± 6 )天 ,9%Vs 9% ,5 %Vs 9%。 (2 18± 2 1)ml/minVs(2 2 0± 2 0 )ml/min ,(80± 14 )mmHgVs(76± 13)mmHg。组间比较 P >0 .0 5。结论　枸橼酸钠封管安全、有效 ,为中心静脉置管封管的又一好方法     

脉冲多普勒肺静脉血流对糖尿病早期左室舒张功能的评价

目的　探讨脉冲多普勒肺静脉血流 (PVF)频谱在评价Ⅱ型糖尿病 (DM )患者早期左心室舒张功能的应用价值。方法　采用ATL -9型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪 ,检测 3 2例DM患者 (DM组 ) ,3 0例正常人 (对照组 )的右上肺静脉和二尖瓣血流频谱参数 ,进行对照研究。结果　两组间PVF的A波速率 (AVP)显著高于对照组 [(3 5 .72± 5 .46)cm s :(2 4.15± 4.0 8)cm s ,P <0 .0 0 1] ;而二尖瓣E波、A波 ,E A比值和PVF频谱D波、S波、D S比值均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。其中DM组AVP >3 0cm s者占 46.88% ,E A <1者占 13 .3 3 %。结论　Ⅱ型DM患者早期可能存在左心室舒张功能异常 ,测定DM患者AVP能较敏感地评估左心室舒张功能。     

急性心肌梗死后血清Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白与左室功能变化关系的临床研究

目的　研究血清Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白 (PCⅢ )水平与急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后左室功能的关系。方法　应用放免法测定AMI患者血清PCⅢ水平 ,以其在AMI后第 4天的水平分为 2组 (A组PCⅢ <15 0 μg/L ;B组PCⅢ >15 0 μg/L) ,并将其与左室舒张末期直径 (LVDd)和射血分数 (EF)做相关性分析。结果　研究发现 ,AMI后血清PCⅢ水平较正常对照组升高 ,并在第 4天具有显著性差异。比较A组与B组的心室功能 ,发现A组的LVDd明显低于B组 [(5 1± 3 4 )vs(5 7 9± 5 6 ) ,P <0 0 5 ],而EF值较B组高 [(5 5 4± 4 5 )vs(46 5± 6 9) ,P <0 0 1],而且第 4天的血清PCⅢ水平与LVDd呈明显正相关关系 (r =0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而与EF值无明显相关关系 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在AMI后血清PCⅢ水平与左室功能变化相关 ,可作为临床上判断AMI早期心室重沟的间接依据。     

C反应蛋白及血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的　测定冠心病患者血清C反应蛋白 (CRP)和血尿酸 (UA)水平 ,以探讨其与冠状动脉 (冠脉 )病变程度及稳定性之间的关系。方法　测定 2 0 5例初诊为“冠心病”患者的CRP和血UA水平 ,根据冠状动脉造影结果 ,按病变的狭窄程度分为 :冠脉正常组、轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组和完全闭塞组。按病变的稳定性分为不稳定病变组和稳定病变组。结果　各组间CRP水平 :冠脉正常组 (1.6± 1.3)mg/L ;轻度狭窄组 (2 .4± 1.9)mg/L ;中度狭窄组 (3.0± 2 .5 )mg/L ;重度狭窄组 (4 .3± 3.2 )mg/L ;完全闭塞组 (5 .4± 4 .1)mg/L。重度狭窄组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;完全闭塞组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。各组间血UA水平 :正常组(2 82± 5 2 ) μmol/L ;轻度狭窄组 (30 9± 5 0 ) μmol/L ;中度狭窄组 (335± 5 0 ) μmol/L ;重度狭窄组 (36 3± 4 8) μmol/L ;完全闭塞组 (393± 4 8) μmol/L。轻、中度狭窄组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;重度和完全闭塞组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。不稳定病变组CRP水平 (7.8± 4 .7)mg/L与稳定病变组 (3.4± 2 .3)mg/L相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。不稳定病变组血UA水平 (343± 5 5 ) μmol/L与     

尿毒症和肾移植患者血清透明质酸的变化

目的　测定血浆中透明质酸 (HA)与尿毒症和肾移植患者病情变化的关系。方法　采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验测定尿毒症组 (A组 )、肾移植组 (B组 )、正常对照组 (C组 )血浆HA水平 ,同时测定血清肌酐 (SCr)。结果　血清HA水平A组 ( 414 2 5± 2 0 8 6 5ng/ml)高于B组 [( 6 9 5 7±46 2 8)ng/ml]和C组 [( 6 0 85± 2 5 5 5 )ng/ml](P <0 0 5 ) ;B组和C组比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,与血肌酐呈正相关 (r=0 87)。同时A组患者血肌酐透析前后比较差异有显著意义 [分别是透前 ( 810 48± 2 14 72 ) μmol/L透后 ( 2 2 5 2 8± 16 6 32 ) μmol/L ,(P <0 0 5 ) ];而血浆HA透析前后无变化[分别是透前 ( 414 2 5± 15 7 83)ng/ml]透后 ( 40 2 34± 12 5 6 7)ng/ml,(P >0 0 5 ) ]。结论　血HA可作为评估尿毒症和肾移植患者病情变化的一个指标。     

间质性肺疾病与血清KL-6关系的研究

目的探讨血清 KL-6、LDH对诊断间质性肺疾病活动性的临床意义。方法间质性肺疾病患者根据疾病活动性分为两组。A组为非活动组 2 6例 ;B组为活动组 19例 ,分别检测 KL-6、L DH、C反应蛋白 (CRP)、支气管肺泡灌流液中细胞总数 (BALF)、T淋巴细胞CD4 /CD8、血白细胞、血气及肺功能 ,并进行统计学比较分析。结果 KL -6:A组为 (616.2± 5 45 .3 ) U/ml,B组为 (1894.4± 679.2 ) U/ml(P<0 .0 1) ;L DH:A组为 (3 90 .9± 69.7) U/L,B组为 (5 99.9± 2 83 .3 ) U/L(P<0 .0 1) ;氧分压 :A组为 (81.4± 9.4) mm Hg,B组为 (71.7± 11.3 ) mm Hg(P<0 .0 5 ) ;肺一氧化碳弥散百分含量 (% DL CO) :A组为 71.7± 4.2 ,B组为 47.4± 2 1.1(P<0 .0 5 )。其余各指标两组比较均无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 KL-6对诊断间质性肺疾病活动性具有特殊的临床意义     

冠状动脉血流与左室舒张功能关系的临床研究

目的:探讨冠状循环血流动力学改变与左室舒张功能的关系。方法:采用经胸和经食管超声心动图技术,测量15例正常人、10例冠心病人、20例左室心肌肥厚患者冠状动脉前降支血流频谱、二尖瓣和肺静脉血流频谱。结果:与正常对照组比较,冠心病组冠脉血流频谱舒张期峰值流速(PDV)和每分钟流量(Q)无差异,PDV和Q与左室舒张功能指标无相关性;左室心肌肥厚组PDV和Q明显增加(62.57±23.79cm/s vs 35.80±9.40cm/s,P<0.001;97.92±59.24ml/min vs 46.02±23.11ml/min,P<0.01),Q与二尖瓣血流频谱E/A比值负相关(r=-0.49,P<0.01),与肺静脉血流频谱R正相关(r=0.41,P<0.05)。结论:左室心肌肥厚患者静息时冠脉血流量增加,可能是心肌肥厚患者左室舒张功能减低的机理之一。     

超声心动图对急性右室心肌梗塞急诊再灌注治疗的对照研究

目的 :超声心动图对比观察研究急诊再灌注治疗对急性右室心肌梗塞 (RVMI)心功能及其预后的影响。方法 :临床确诊急性心肌梗塞患者 86例 ,其中 5 8例进行了冠状动脉造影。超声心动图检查平均 (6 .1±2 .6 )天。符合 WHO关于急性心肌梗塞标准 ,所有病例均合并左室下壁心肌梗塞 ,其中同时合并左室前壁和前间壁心肌梗塞 2 3例。将 86例患者分为两组 ,急诊再灌注治疗成功患者为组 A (n=2 8例 ,11例急诊 PTCA,17例急诊溶栓 ) ;常规治疗为组 B (n=5 8例 )。结果 :两组患者冠状动脉造影平均病变血管支数无明显差异 (组 A平均 1.5 7支 ,组 B平均 1.36支 )。分别计算两组左、右心室异常节段室壁运动记分 (L VWMS,RVWMS) ,组 A和组 B有显著差异 (RVWMS:4 .0± 2 .7和 4 .3± 4 .3,P<0 .0 5 ;L VWMS:8.9± 6 .1和 10 .0± 7.3,P<0 .0 5 )。右室舒张末期和收缩末期容积 (RVEDV和 RVESV) ,组 A与组 B存在显著差异性 (32 .8± 17.0和 4 2 .4± 2 6 .7;13.8± 6 .7和 2 2 .3± 17.6 ,P<0 .0 1)。右室射血分数组 A大于组 B(5 3.6± 18.1和 4 5 .6± 18.6 ,P<0 .0 1)。左心各项指标 (左室舒张末期和收缩末期容积、左室射血分数 )组 A亦明显好于组 B(P值均 <0 .0 1)。近期临床恶性并发症 ,组 A无一例发生。组 B发生率 8% ,     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.