QT离散度对X综合征的临床价值探讨

分析经冠状动脉造影证实的 1 82例冠心病、94例正常人及 3 8例X综合征者活动平板运动试验前及运动高峰时QT离散度 (QTd)的变化。X综合征组运动前QTd明显小于冠心病组 (2 9.41± 1 5 .1 1msvs 5 4.3 0± 9.2 2ms ,P <0 .0 1 )、而与正常组 2 5 .3 0± 1 3 .2 1ms相似(P >0 .0 5 ) ;X综合征组运动高峰时QTd明显大于正常组 (4 9.92±1 0 .2 3msvs 2 3 .5 2± 1 4.3 2ms,P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :X综合征者运动时QTd明显增加 ,提示运动高峰时较大的QTd可反映冠状动脉微血管病变所致心肌缺血     

冠心病患者平板运动试验中QT离散度变异的临床意义

目的 :探讨平板运动试验中冠心病患者 QT离散度 （QTd）变化的意义。方法 :经冠状动脉造影术证实的 14例冠心病患者与 16例冠脉造影正常者平板运动试验前、中、后体表心电图 QTd变化。结果 :运动前、中、后冠心病组QTd分别为 4 3± 16 ,70± 18及 4 8± 11ms,而冠状动脉正常组分别为 2 9± 4 ,2 9± 6及 2 7± 8ms。两组均 P<0 .0 1;冠心病组 QTd运动中与运动前后相比均 P<0 .0 1,而冠脉正常者差异并无显著性 ;以运动中 QTd≥ 6 0 m s判为异常 ,诊断冠心病的敏感性为 86 % ,特异性为 92 %。结论 :在平板运动试验中冠心病患者 QTd显著增大 ,它是运动试验中诊断冠心病的特异指标     

运动诱发心肌缺血对QT离散度的影响

目的通过平板运动试验(ETT)前后冠心病(CHD)病人与冠状动脉正常者的QT离散度(QTd)变化,研究运动引起的心肌缺血对QTd的影响。方法分析经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实的41例CHD病人与45例CAG正常者ETT前和运动高峰时体表十二导联心电图QTd变化。结果运动前、运动高峰CHD组QTd分别为(47.84±11.19)ms、(62.16±10.45)ms(P0.01);而CAG正常者分别为(24.22±15.15)ms、(23.11±14.43)ms(P0.05)。以运动中QT≥50ms判为异常,诊断CHD的敏感性为86.2%,特异性88.9%,预测准确性87.5%。结论运动高峰较大的QTd有助于反映冠状动脉病变及心肌缺血程度。并提示QTd是ETT中诊断CHD心肌缺血敏感而特异的指标。     

冠心病患者运动试验中QRS波时限变化及其意义

目的　探讨冠心病患者运动试验中 QRS波时限变化的意义。方法　分析经冠状动脉造影证实的 6 2例冠心病患者和 16例冠状动脉造影正常者以及 2 0例正常人活动平板试验前后 QRS波时限变化。　结果　对照组和冠状动脉造影正常者运动后 QRS波时限较运动前缩短 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;冠心病组运动后 QRS波时限较运动前明显延长 ,Q RS波延长的程度与冠状动脉病变的数目直接相关。结论　冠心病患者运动后 QRS波时限延长可能是心肌缺血的一个标志     

冠心病与运动前后QT间期离散度的关系

目的了解QT离散度(QTd)在运动试验中的变化对冠心病诊断的敏感性。方法50例可疑冠心病患者先后作运动试验及冠状动脉造影(简称冠造)检查,以冠状动脉造影结果将试验组分为阳性组(23例)和阴性组(27例),比较两组运动前后QTd及校正后QT周期离散度(QTcd)变化的差异。结果阳性组23例有21例运动后QTcd>60ms,占该组91·3%,其运动前后QTcd分别为46·1ms±12·6ms,74·9ms±10·14ms,有显著差异(P<0·05)。阴性组27例有25例运动后QTcd<60ms,占该组92·6%,其运动前后QTcd分别为:39·72±12·3ms,43·7ms±13·9ms。在统计学无显著差异(P>0·05)。结论QTcd在运动后明显增大,QTcd>60ms时可疑为冠心病。     

冠心病与平板运动试验中P波离散度关系探讨

观察78例经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者运动试验时P波离散度(Pd)的变化,冠脉造影正常者19例为对照组。结果:冠心病组运动前、中、后Pd分别为(18.36+9.13)ms、(27.05±14.32)ms和(21.7±11.58)ms,其中运动前和运动中、运动后和运动中差别显著(P<0.05);冠脉正常组运动前、中、后Pb分别为(14.15±7.32)ms、(15.23±7.14)     

在运动平板试验前、后QT离散度测定的意义

目的探讨冠心病患者运动平板试验前、后QT离散度(QTd)和校正QTd(QTcd)测定的意义。方法分析阳性组44例,阴性组51例在运动试验前、中QTd、QTcd的变化。结果运动阳性组(冠心病组)6、9分钟的QTd(34.20±12.73ms、34.51±11.29ms)和QTcd(46.10±11.92ms、50.60±13.70ms)比阴性组QTd(24.01±7.52ms、20.90±7.21ms)和QTcd(31.00±10.81ms、31.80±11.31ms)显著延长(P<0.05,0.01),且比运动前QTd(24.09±9.61ms)和QTcd(27.68±11.21ms)显著延长(P<0.05,0.01);而阴性组运动前、后差异无显著性。结论QTd、QTcd可作为运动平板试验诊断冠心病心肌缺血的2项敏感而有价值的指标。     

QT间期及其离散度与冠状动脉病变的关系

探讨心电图QT间期、QT离散度 (QTd)与冠状动脉病变及其程度和范围的关系。分析 138例行选择性冠状动脉造影病例的临床及心电图资料 ,观察不同程度和范围的冠状动脉病变对QT指标的影响。结果 :无冠状动脉狭窄病人的QTd为 42 .0± 18.2 4ms,单支病变组及多支病变组的QTd分别为 48.42± 17.11,5 9.15± 2 2 .75ms ,P均 <0 .0 5 ;轻度狭窄组及重度狭窄组的QTd分别为 48.6 7± 2 0 .45 ,5 8.12± 2 1.6 1ms ,P均 <0 .0 5。结论 :QTd延长有助于心肌缺血的诊断 ,并可能反映冠状动脉病变的范围及程度     

平板运动试验QTc离散度的变化与冠心病诊断的关系

目的 探讨平板运动试验QTc离散度(QTcd)的变化规律与诊断冠心病的临床意义.方法 对50例疑诊为冠心病者先后行平板运动试验及冠状动脉造影检查,分析运动前、中、后同步十二导联心电图的QTcd.结果 冠心病组运动后QTcd较运动前显著增大[(77.18±13.91)和(45.42±11.40)ms];冠状动脉正常组运动前、后QTcd变化无显著性(P＞0.05).QTcd的变化规律反映了QTcd与冠心病心肌缺血呈正相关性.QTcd＞50ms 作为运动试验阳性标准,诊断冠心病的敏感性为95.2%,特异性为89.7%.传统运动试验标准诊断冠心病敏感性为95.2%,特异性为51.7%.结论 提示运动试验中QTcd＞50 ms可作为判断冠心病的心电学指标之一,且能提高特异性,减少假阳性.运动引起的单纯交感神经兴奋并不增加心肌复极的不均一性,只有在心肌缺血时交感神经兴奋才使QTcd增大.     

运动试验时QT间期离散度诊断冠心病的价值

目的探讨QT离散度（QTd）在运动试验中的变化,及其对冠心病心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法 68例临床诊断或疑诊为冠心病的患者先后行平板运动试验（简称运动试验）及冠状动脉造影（简称冠脉造影）检查。结果 47例运动试验阳性者中30例确诊为冠心病;21例运动试验阴性者中19例冠状动脉正常。冠心病组与冠脉正常组运动前、中、后QTd分别为42.38±19.28 ms、70.58±19.45 ms、50.14±13.56 ms及31.18±6.25 ms、30.01±9.05 ms、28.24±8.12 ms,两者比较,p均〈0.01。冠心病组运动前、后与运动中QTd比较,差异有显著性,p〈0.005;而冠脉正常组QTd变化无显著性。以运动中QTd≥60 ms为异常,诊断冠心病的敏感性为90.9%、特异性100%、准确性94.9%。结论提示运动试验中QTd增加可作为诊断冠心病心肌缺血的敏感而特异的指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.