改良法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型

目的 探索一种创伤小、简便、可重复强的大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的制作方法.方法 选取240～280g SD成年大鼠16只,改良线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,4、24小时进行神经功能评分,24小时TTC染色检测梗死面积并计算梗死面积/半球面积.结果 4、24小时神经功能评分为1.75±0.68和2.88±1.13;24小时TTC染色示梗死面积/半球面积为（0.45±0.11）%;造模成功率93.75%.结论 该法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型操作简单、重复性好,效果较理想.     

改良法制作SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型探讨

目的探讨线栓法制造大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型的成功经验。方法采用改良线栓法制作Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)局灶性脑缺血/再灌注动物模型。结果30只大鼠中,经神经功能评分、核磁共振血管成像及TTC染色验证,28只造模成功,成功率超过90%。结论改良线栓法MCAO制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型值得推广。     

脑得健方对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后神经功能及梗死面积的影响

目的探讨脑得健方对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后神经功能及脑梗死面积比的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤组、脑得健方高、中、低剂量组,每组20只,大脑中动脉线栓法复制局灶性脑缺血模型,于手术后3d和7d评价其神经功能。每组随机取5只做TTC并计算梗死面积比,5只计算大脑干湿重比。结果脑缺血后模型大鼠有神经功能障碍、出现大面积梗死和组织水肿。治疗7d后,脑得健方各剂量和补阳还五汤均能改善模型大鼠的神经功能缺失症状,减小梗死面积,减轻脑组织水肿,分别与模型组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论脑得健方和补阳还五汤均能改善模型大鼠的神经功能缺失症状,减少梗死面积,减轻脑组织的水肿。药物以中剂量最佳。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的制备和评价

目的:研究不同缺血时间对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型脑梗塞灶体积及神经功能缺损的影响.方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血1 h再灌注组和缺血2 h再灌注组,每组8只,采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,假手术组仅将线栓插至颈总动脉(CCA),缺血1、2 h再灌注组分别于术后1、2 h行再灌注.用2% 2,3,5三苯基氯化四氮唑(TTC)染色计算梗死灶体积,并对大鼠神经功能缺损进行评分.结果:假手术组于再灌注各时间点神经功能缺损评分均为0分.缺血2 h再灌注组再灌注2、6 h神经功能缺损评分明显高于缺血1 h再灌注组(t值分别为2.546、3.000,P<0.05),再灌注24 h,2组神经功能缺损评分差异无统计学意义(t=-1.128,P＞0.05).缺血1 h再灌注组与缺血2 h再灌注组于再灌注24 h时,神经功能缺损评分均明显低于再灌注2、6 h时的评分(t值分别为-2.222、-2.778;-3.458、-4.447, P<0.05).再灌注24 h时,2组神经功能缺损评分及梗塞灶体积/同侧大脑半球体积比值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:线栓法大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型选择缺血1 h后再灌注是合理的.     

一种新的线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型方法

目的 改进线栓法大鼠局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)模型,使其制作简便,提高造模的成功率和可重复性,制成稳定均一的MCAO模型.方法 大鼠麻醉后,分离颈总动脉(CCA)和颈外动脉(ECA),将鼠头沿长轴方向扭转向左侧45 °, 拉直ECA与颈内动脉(ICA)的夹角.使用头端3 mm硅胶包埋制成0.26～0.3 mm膨大的线栓,插入自CCA与ICA分叉点18 mm.术后2 h进行神经功能评分,术后20 h行TTC染色.结果 术后2 h大鼠神经功能评分均为2分, TTC染色示大鼠大脑中动脉(MCA)皮层分布区产生梗死灶,梗死比为(19.066±1.556)%,水肿比为1.031±0.024.造模成功率为93.75%,死亡率为6.25%,并发症发生率为6.25%.结论 该模型制作方法 操作方便,成功率高,可成为一种实用的动物模型.     

电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠缺血皮质区内皮抑素、血小板反应蛋白-1表达的影响

目的 观察电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠缺血皮质区内皮抑素（endostatin,ES）、血小板反应蛋白-1（thrombospondin-1,TSP-1）表达的调控作用及其机制。方法 将54只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和电针组,每组18只。利用改良线栓法复制局灶性大脑中动脉闭塞模型,电针组选取“百会”与“水沟”穴进行治疗,每次30 min,每日1次,共干预7 d。比较术后7 d各组大鼠神经功能评分,用2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑染色法测量脑梗死面积,免疫组织化学法及蛋白免疫印迹法检测ES、TSP-1蛋白在大鼠脑缺血皮质区的表达情况。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠神经功能缺损体征较为显著,梗死范围明显,脑缺血皮质区ES和TSP-1蛋白表达均显著上调（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,电针组大鼠神经功能评分降低（P<0.05）,梗死面积缩小（P<0.05）,脑缺血皮质区ES、TSP-1蛋白表达水平均明显下调（P<0.05）。结论 电针可促进局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复,缩小梗死面积,其机制可能与血管新生抑制因子ES、TSP-1的表达下调有关。     

改良线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型

目的：探索一种简便可重复的脑缺血动物模型建立方法。方法：选用250～300g　SD成年大鼠20只，采用改良的Longa线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型，并评价缺血效果。结杲：术后大鼠均出现了偏瘫等神经功能障碍，镜下观察可见大鼠大脑左侧额顶皮质以及基底节区大范围的梗死区，呈现白色。结论：神经功能损害以及1％　TTC大鼠脑切片染色显示改良线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血模型效果较好。     

地卓西平对局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体的影响

目的　探讨地卓西平 (Dizocilpine ,MK 80 1)对局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马N 甲基 D 天门冬氨酸 (N methyl D asparticacid ,NM DA)受体的影响。方法　线栓法研制大脑中动脉阻断 (MCAO)大鼠模型 ,观察MK 80 1对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经功能缺损评分、梗死体积以及脑海马NMDA受体结合位点数的影响。结果　MK 80 1组缺血 1、6、2 4小时各时相NMDA受体数量明显低于模型组 ;缺血 2 4小时MK 80 1组神经功能缺损评分及梗死体积明显低于模型组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　MK 80 1对局灶性脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用可能与下调脑缺血后兴奋性氨基酸受体结合位点数的上调有关。     

中风通络丸对大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的影响

目的：观察中风通络丸抗脑缺血的作用,为其临床用药提供实验依据。方法：各组雄性 SD 大鼠采用线栓法复制局灶性脑缺血模型,造模后各组大鼠继续给药3d。于造模后24h 及末次给药后次日,对各组大鼠进行神经功能评分,麻醉取脑,TTC 染色,测量梗死面积并计算梗死率。结果：中风通络丸中、高剂量组能显著降低大鼠脑缺血模型神经功能评分等级,显著减少脑缺血所致的脑梗死面积百分比。结论：中风通络丸能明显改善脑缺血大鼠神经功能症状,降低脑脏器系数及脑梗死面积百分比,具有明显抗脑缺血作用。     

地卓西平对局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体的影响

目的探讨地卓西平(Dizocilpine,MK-801)对局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,NMDA)受体的影响.方法线栓法研制大脑中动脉阻断(MCAO)大鼠模型, 观察MK-801对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经功能缺损评分、梗死体积以及脑海马NMDA受体结合位点数的影响.结果 MK-801组缺血1、6、24小时各时相NMDA受体数量明显低于模型组;缺血24小时MK-801组神经功能缺损评分及梗死体积明显低于模型组(P<0.01).结论 MK-801对局灶性脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用可能与下调脑缺血后兴奋性氨基酸受体结合位点数的上调有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.