未婚人流女青年生殖健康状况及避孕知识调查

目的:了解未婚人流女青年生殖健康状况和避孕知识知晓情况。方法:选择接受人工流产的未婚女青年300例,采用自行设计的调查表,调查未婚人流女青年的社会人口学特征、既往人工流产史、避孕措施使用情况和避孕知识知晓情况,统计分析妇科检查和阴道分泌物实验室检查情况。结果:300例未婚女青年中,重复人工流产94例,占31.3%;生殖道感染157例,占52.3%;有256例对避孕方法不了解,占85.3%;44例了解避孕方法,占14.7%;268例因未采用避孕措施而致意外妊娠,占89.3%;仅有32例由于避孕失败造成意外妊娠,占10.7%。结论:为未婚青年提供生殖健康知识、避孕知识及生殖道感染预防知识,预防未婚青年生殖道感染和意外妊娠的发生,是医务人员和计划生育工作者的责任和义务,应该引起全社会的普遍关注。     

青岛市婚检女青年生殖健康状况调查

目的:了解青岛市婚检女性青年生殖健康知识、婚前性行为和避孕行为的现状。方法:2011年8～12月采用自填式问卷对青岛市所辖黄岛区和即墨市1680名婚前体检女性进行问卷调查。结果:共回收有效问卷1575份。生殖健康知识得分为8.10±3.52分(满分15分),及格率为49.8%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,地区和文化程度与生殖健康知识水平有关。婚前性行为发生率为83.4%,首次性行为年龄为22.72±2.97岁,其中18.6%的女性20岁以前发生性行为。在有性行为且目前未计划妊娠的667人中,最近6个月内,78.3%使用过安全套,24.9%使用过安全期避孕,22.8%使用过体外排精,能够一直坚持使用避孕措施者为48.9%。结论:调查人群生殖健康知识水平较差,婚前过早地暴露于性行为,避孕措施的使用情况有待改善。     

婚检男性生殖健康知识教育效果评价

了解婚检男性生殖健康知识知晓程度，评价在婚检中开展男性生殖健康教育的效果，为进一步开展男性生殖健康教育提供依据。方法：采用自拟的男性生殖健康知识调查答卷，在婚检宣教前后调查并比较分析。结果：婚检男性宣教前男性生殖健康知识知晓率为50．37％，宣教后男性生殖健康知识知晓率为93．12％。结论：宣教前婚检男性生殖健康知识知晓率低，通过婚检生殖健康知识宣教，可以迅速提高男性生殖健康知识知晓率。在婚检中开展男性生殖健康知识教育是提高男性生殖健康知识的有效措施。     

农村婚检对象生殖健康知识状况及需求调查

目的 了解农村婚检对象生殖健康知识状况和需求。方法 采取以问卷的形式对1528例来自农村的婚检对象的生殖健康知识和需求进行了调查。结果 调查中,小学、初中和高中文化分别占13．5％、48．3％和21．3％。职业中,非农业占72％。85．6％有婚前性生活,35．7％未婚先孕,18．62％有过经期性生活。性生活懂得避孕的占53．24％,不懂避孕的占21．61％。对生殖健康服务需求依次为：孕期营养知识77．33％,防病卫生知识52．36％,避孕知识46．9％,性知识42．03％,优生优育知识32．46％。结论 农村婚检对象的性知识、避孕知识、优生优育及防病卫生知识仍需加强。     

男性婚检者精液质量及生殖健康状况调查

目的:了解婚检对象男性精液质量、婚前性行为和影响精液质量的危险行为因素,对婚检工作提出改进建议。方法:对104例婚检男性进行生殖健康的问卷调查和精液检查,应用SPSS进行数据分析。结果:平均精液量为2.44ml,平均精子前向运动百分率为57.56%,平均精子密度为49×106/ml,平均精子存活率为79.91%,平均精子正常形态率为90.01。精液质量各常规指标都符合WHO标准的对象仅占28.85%。吸烟、饮酒、洗蒸汽浴、坐姿工作、使用电热毯和穿紧身裤都使a级活动精子减少,尤其以穿紧身裤的影响显著(P<0.01)。饮酒、穿紧身裤和坐姿工作还使前向运动精子比例有所下降。坐姿工作的精子存活率降低。吸烟、饮酒、洗蒸汽浴、坐姿工作的精子正常形态率下降。经常清洗外生殖器(每周2次以上)对精子密度有显著提高作用。本研究婚检对象89.42%有婚前性行为,其中28.85%有人工流产情况。结论:被调查对象的精液质量较差,吸烟、饮酒、洗蒸汽浴、穿紧身裤、坐姿工作和使用电热毯等生活工作方式对精液质量都有不同程度的不良影响,清洗外生殖器有益精子质量的提高、婚检人群的生殖健康知识知晓情况较差。建议优化婚检服务的内容,增强生殖健康保健知识宣传咨询,尤其是男性生殖健康内容,促使婚检工作在科学化、规范化、法制化的轨道上发展。     

宁波市女性生殖健康状况调查

随着经济的快速发展,浙江省宁波市流动人口大量增加,工厂作业人员及商业女性服务者等性活跃期育龄女性易成为性传播感染(sexually transmitted infection,STI)的易感人群〔1-2〕。因为大部分STI感染者无典型的临床表现,而很多女性保护意识较薄弱,使STI发病率持续升高。为了解宁波市育龄妇女生殖健康现状,为制定合理的干预措施提供科学依据,于2005年6月-2009年6月对在宁波市鄞州人民医院妇产科门诊就诊的4824名女性进行生殖健康状况调查。结果报告如下。     

婚检男性生殖健康知识教育效果评价

目的了解婚检男性生殖健康知识知晓程度,评价在婚检中开展男性生殖健康教育的效果,为进一步开展男性生殖健康教育提供依据.方法采用自拟的男性生殖健康知识调查答卷,在婚检宣教前后调查并比较分析.结果婚检男性宣教前男性生殖健康知识知晓率为50.37%,宣教后男性生殖健康知识知晓率为93.12%.结论宣教前婚检男性生殖健康知识知晓率低,通过婚检生殖健康知识宣教,可以迅速提高男性生殖健康知识知晓率.在婚检中开展男性生殖健康知识教育是提高男性生殖健康知识的有效措施.     

婚前青年生殖与避孕知识知晓情况调查

生育年龄人群的生殖健康 ,直接关系到出生人口的数量和质量。为了解南京市玄武区婚前青年对生殖与避孕知识的知晓情况 ,给制定干预措施提供依据 ,2 0 0 3年 1～ 6月间我们进行了有关调查。1　材料与方法　　对 2 0 0 3年 1～ 6月期间全区 1 1个街道 5 0 0对进行婚前医学检查的初婚青年 ,进行生殖与避孕知识的问卷调查。每对青年一张问卷 ,两人可商讨答案 ,但不得询问他人。2　结果2 .1　生殖生理知识知晓情况　 5 0 0对青年中 ,知道产生精子器官的占 93.1 % ,知道产生卵子器官的占96.6% ,知道两次月经中间最容易受孕时间的占79.3%。2 .2　性…     

大专女生生殖生理及避孕知识调查

目的了解大专女生生殖生理及避孕知识的知晓状况。方法在武汉地区对3所大学进行了抽样调查,共调查了479名大专女生。结果大专女生对性和生殖生理及避孕知识有一定的知晓率,但在每月最易怀孕时间及如何使用避孕方法方面知晓率较低。总体上医学生的相关知识知晓率高于非医学生。大专女生获取性和生殖生理及避孕知识的途径主要是书刊杂志。结论学校应开展生殖生理及避孕知识教育。     

A survey of postnatal contraception in opiate-using women

OBJECTIVE: To document the contraceptive choices and continuation rates for different contraceptives in a group of pregnant women who use opiates. METHODS: A prospective study set in a large city in the north of England that looked at 40 pregnant women who used opiates in the index pregnancy. The study involved reviewing the records from the patients' general practitioners with information on the continuation rates of the chosen method of contraception and any related problems. RESULTS: The women given Depo-Provera (n = 14) did not continue the method after the first injection. Those given implants (n = 20) had a 95% continuation rate at a mean follow-up of over 11 months. CONCLUSIONS: Implants had a good continuation rate when used for postnatal contraception in women who used opiates in pregnancy. Depo-Provera may not be a suitable choice since all the women who chose this contraceptive method failed to continue with it.     

The dimensions of health outcomes: a cross-validated examination of health status measurement.

Two independently developed patient outcome measurement instruments were administered to forty-eight subjects with rheumatoid arthritis using a random cross-over design. The independent estimates of physical disability and pain are highly correlated. Each instrument displayed highly significant relationships with global health, providing evidence for convergent validity. The results demonstrate that health status is composed of at least three major dimensions: physical disability, psychological disability, and pain.     

Uptake and correlates of contraception among postpartum women in Kenya: results from a national cross-sectional survey

Objective

The objective was to characterize uptake and correlates of effective contraceptive use postpartum.

Knowledge and willingness to use emergency contraception among low-income post-partum women

We performed a multivariate analysis to determine factors associated with knowledge and willingness to use emergency contraception in a consecutive sample of 371 post-partum women from an inner-city public hospital. Women were queried about previous contraceptive use, pregnancy history including abortions and unplanned pregnancies, and demographic characteristics. Outcomes included knowledge of emergency contraception and willingness to use it. Questionnaires were conducted in person, in English or Spanish.

Of 371 women, 3% had used emergency contraception, 36% had heard of it, and 7% knew the correct timing for use. Two-thirds of the population indicated a willingness to use emergency contraception in the future. Factors positively associated with knowledge included being a teenager or more than 30 years old, prior use of condoms, and history of an elective abortion. Being multiparous, monolingual Spanish-speaking, or Asian were negatively associated with knowledge. Willingness to use emergency contraception was positively associated with being multiparous and negatively associated with a higher income, moral or religious objections to the use of emergency contraception, a belief that it is unsafe or a perception that it is an abortificient.

Knowledge about emergency contraception, especially correct timing, remains low. Multiparous women should receive increased education given their lack of knowledge but willingness to use emergency contraception. In order to increase the acceptability of emergency contraception, educational efforts must include accurate information about its mechanism of use and safety.