八肽胆囊收缩素改善内毒素休克大鼠心肌损伤的实验研究

目的观察八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)改善内毒素休克(ES)大鼠心肌损伤的变化,探讨CCK-8逆转ES心功能衰竭及顽固性低血压的作用机制.方法实验分4组(1)对照组,静脉注射生理盐水0.2mL;(2)LPS组,静脉注射8mg*kg-1LPS;(3)CCK组,静脉注射40μg*kg-1CCK-8;(4)CCK+LPS组,静脉注射40μg*kg-1CCK-8,10min后再注入LPS(8mg*kg-1).股动脉插管监测平均动脉压(MAP),尾静脉穿刺注射药物.分别测定2h、6h心肌组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量变化,用ELISA法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)含量.结果(1)MAP变化对照组MAP为(14.20±1.38)kPa,静脉注射LPS后MAP快速持续下降,75min降至低谷为(7.16±0.59)kPa;CCK+LPS在CCK注入20min时MAP下降幅度与LPS组无差异,20min后即迅速回升,至120min仍持续在较高水平(10.71±0.45)kPa,仍未恢复至正常水平.(2)SOD活性变化2h、6h对照组SOD为(60.51±2.23)×103U/L和(55.97±4.96)×103U/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中SOD活性则明显下降为(48.69±2.30)×103U/L和(34.49±4.69)×103U/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组SOD活性则明显回升为(56.19±1.83)×103U/L和(41.95±7.44)×103U/L.(3)MDA含量变化2h、6h对照组MDA为(3.43±1.76)μmol/L和(3.68±1.58)μmol/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中MDA含量明显上升(19.71±3.02)μmol/L和(36.18±5.26)μmol/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组MDA含量显著下降为(0.39±2.43)μmol/L和(15.10±2.12)μmol/L.(4)NO含量变化2h、6h对照组NO为(37.96±1.85)mmol/L和(41.98±6.59)mmol/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中NO含量明显上升(73.45±8.93)mmol/L和(105.4±3.61)mmol/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组NO含量显著下降为(60.91±3.15)mmol/L和(70.37±7.68)mmol/L.(5)TNF-α含量变化2h对照组心肌组织匀浆中为(320.81±110.63)ng/L,LPS组TNF-α含量明显上升为(1599.08±227.03)ng/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组TNF-α含量显著下降为(863.54±123.19)ng/L.(6)IL-1β含量变化6h对照组心肌组织匀浆中为(163.10±80.20)ng/L,LPS组IL-1β含量明显上升为(620.66±144.57)ng/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组IL-1β含量显著下降为(282.07±92.68)ng/L.结论预先注射CCK-8可以减轻ES大鼠心肌氧化损伤,抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α及IL-1β产生,影响NOS活性,使NO合成下降,发挥心肌细胞保护作用,恢复心肌收缩力,是其逆转ES心功能衰竭及顽固性低血压的主要机制.     

UⅡ/UT系统在LPS刺激大鼠肝枯否细胞前炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β表达与分泌中的作用研究

目的探讨UⅡ/UT系统在LPS刺激大鼠肝枯否细胞(Kupffer cell,KC)TNF-α和IL-1β表达和分泌中的作用。方法采用胶原酶灌注消化和密度梯度离心分离大鼠KC。细胞分组和处理方法:正常对照组urantide(-)LPS(-)、urantide或UⅡ处理组urantide/UⅡ(+)LPS(-)、LPS刺激组urantide(-)LPS(+)、urantide或UⅡ预处理组urantide/UⅡ(+)LPS(+);细胞内基因表达采用RT-PCR和real-time PCR方法检测,细胞培养上清液中蛋白质分泌水平采用ELISA分析方法检测。结果 LPS刺激后,KC内UⅡ、UT mRNA相对表达水平和细胞培养上清液UⅡ多肽水平显著升高,但urantide预处理组显著低于LPS刺激组(P0.01)。Urantide处理组细胞UⅡ/UT mRNA和上清液UⅡ多肽水平与正常对照组之间无明显统计学差异(P0.05);LPS刺激后(LPS刺激组、UⅡ预处理组和urantide预处理组),TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA表达和蛋白质分泌水平较正常对照组明显升高(P0.01),但urantide预处理组较LPS刺激组和UⅡ预处理组显著降低(P0.01),LPS刺激组与UⅡ预处理组之间无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。UⅡ或urantide处理组KC上述前炎细胞因子的表达和分泌水平与正常对照组之间无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 UⅡ/UT信号系统可能在LPS刺激肝KC前炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β的表达和分泌中起重要作用。     

急性坏死性胰腺炎模型大鼠肠血流量及血清磷脂酶A2、白介素-1β的变化

观察了急性坏死性胰腺炎(acute necrotizing pancreatitis, ANP)时肠组织血流量及炎症介质的变化.实验用96只SD大鼠,随机分成对照组和ANP组,以5%牛磺胆酸钠胰腺被膜下均匀注射复制ANP模型.采用放射生物微球技术在制模后0h、2h和12h分别测定肠组织血流量,同时检测血清磷脂酶A2(PLA2)活性及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平,并观察肠粘膜病理改变.结果显示,ANP组在制模后2h及12h肠组织血流量(0.80±0.07,0.50±0.06)mL/(min*g)较对照组(1.56±0.18,1.61±0.11)mL/(min*g)明显减少(均P＜0.001),血清PLA2活性(94.29±9.96,103.71±14.40)U/L,IL-1β水平(0.78±0.13,0.83±0.20)μg/L较对照组(65.27±10.52,66.63±9.81)U/L,(0.32±0.06,0.33±0.07)μg/L明显升高(均P＜0.001),肠粘膜损伤程度较对照组明显加重(均P＜0.001).提示ANP早期肠组织血流量减少与炎症介质的升高同时发生,两者均是ANP时肠粘膜损伤的重要因素.     

薄荷脑通过miR-1247-3p/PI3K/Akt通路影响LPS诱导的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞凋亡和炎症反应的分子机制研究

目的：探讨薄荷脑对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮（AT-Ⅱ）细胞凋亡和炎症反应的影响及分子机制。方法：以5、10、15 mg/L的LPS处理AT-Ⅱ细胞，CCK-8法检测细胞活性；将AT-Ⅱ细胞随机分为对照（NC）组、15 mg/L LPS组、1、5、10μmol/L薄荷脑+15 mg/L LPS组、anti-miR-NC+15 mg/L LPS组、anti-miR-1247-3p+15 mg/L LPS组、miR-NC+10μmol/L薄荷脑+15 mg/L LPS组、miR-1247-3p+10μmol/L薄荷脑+15 mg/L LPS组；采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡；ELISA检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平；Western blot检测蛋白表达；RT-qPCR检测miR-1247-3p表达水平。结果：不同浓度LPS处理后AT-Ⅱ细胞活性降低（P<0.05）。LPS诱导的AT-Ⅱ细胞中Cleaved-caspase-3表达水平及细胞凋亡率升高，TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平升高，miR-1247-3p表达水平升高，p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平降低（P...     

维拉帕米减轻脂多糖导致的大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞损伤机制的研究

目的：研究维拉帕米（Vera）对脂多糖（LPS）导致的大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞损伤的拮抗作用及其机制。 方法：胶原酶法分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞，预先经Vera (50 mg/L、100 mg/L) 处理15min后, 再经LPS (10 mg/L)或正常培养液处理，在不同的时点（30 min、1 h、4 h、10 h）采集上清液,检测其中丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶、磷脂酶A2的活性；采用MTT 法检测胰腺腺泡细胞的活性；部分胰腺腺泡细胞经Fluo-3/AM负载后，于相应的时点采用灌流方式给予药物或刺激剂，激光共聚焦显微镜观察单个胰腺腺泡细胞［Ca2+］i的变化。 结果: Vera可减轻LPS所致的细胞损伤（P<0.05）；抑制LPS诱发的胰腺腺泡细胞 ［Ca2+］i 升高（P<0.05）；降低细胞培养上清液中丙二醛含量和磷脂酶A2的活性、增强超氧化物歧化酶的活性。 结论：Vera可能通过抑制钙超载、增强抗氧化能力以及减少胰酶活化的机制，减少LPS所致的胰腺腺泡细胞损伤，从而发挥对胰腺腺泡细胞的保护作用。     

1测定醛固酮浓度/肾素活性(SAC/PRA)值在原发性醛固酮增多症中的临床意义

目的:探讨测定SAC/PRA值对原发性醛固酮增多症的诊断价值.方法:采用放射免疫分析法测定48例原发性醛固酮增多症患者和30例正常人的血浆肾素(PRA),血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)以及血清醛固酮(Aldo),并计算醛固酮浓度/肾素活性(SAC/PRA)比值.结果:正常组PRA、AT-Ⅱ、Aldo测定值分别为0.57±0.08ng/ml/h,36.03±6.11ng/L,0.33±0.04nmol/L;原醛患者PRA、AT-Ⅱ、Aldo测定值分别为0.14±0.08ng/ml/h,21.21±7.55ng/L,1.07±0.34nmol/L.与正常对照组比较,均有极显著性差异(p＜0.001).SAC/PRA(ng/dl/ng*ml-1*h-1)913±409.结论:合理使用SAC/PRA比值有助于原发性醛固酮增多症的诊断.     

增强自噬减轻大鼠造影剂所致急性肾损伤的实验研究

目的 建立造影剂所致急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)大鼠模型,探讨自噬在CI-AKI中的作用及机制.方法 将18只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(Con组)、CI-AKI组和雷帕霉素+造影剂组(Rapa组).CI-AKI组腹腔注射超大剂量的碘海醇(12.25 g/kg I),Rapa组于碘海醇注射前1周连续腹腔注射雷帕霉素(5 mg/(kg·d)),Con组腹腔注射等剂量的生理盐水.注射后24 h观察大鼠血肌酐水平、肾组织病理、肾组织中LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和Beclin-1表达水平及过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量的变化.结果 与Con组比较,CI-AKI组大鼠血肌酐水平明显升高((239.93±27.00) μmol/L比(51.70±10.59)μmol/L,P＜0.05),肾小管重度损伤,肾组织中自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和Beclin-1表达均增加(均P＜0.05),而CAT含量减少((14.86±0.32)U/mg比(18.72±1.46)U/mg),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与CI-AKI组比较,雷帕霉素预处理增加了肾组织中LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和Beclin-1的表达及CAT含量((17.62±1.86)U/mg比(14.86±0.32)U/mg,P＜0.05),减轻了造影剂所致的肾小管损伤,并降低了血肌酐水平((187.62±47.76) μmol/L比(239.93±27.00) μmol/L),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 造影剂可诱导自噬激活,增强自噬可减轻造影剂所致氧化应激损伤及肾损伤.     

脂多糖对人正常肝细胞株L02损伤的实验研究

目的探讨脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)对人正常肝细胞株L02的损伤作用及其机制。方法采用流式细胞术分别检测LPS诱导L02细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位变化的作用,测定L02细胞膜上CD14、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定细胞培养上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量;生化法测定细胞培养上清液中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量。结果10、20、40、80mg/L剂量的LPS作用于L02细胞后0、6、12、24和36h,细胞的凋亡率和线粒体膜电位无显著性差异(P>0.05),各组上清液中ALT、AST、LDH和TNF-α含量亦无明显变化(P>0.05),L02细胞膜上LPS受体CD14、TLR4、TLR2表达分别为(2.28±0.60)%,(1.04±0.80)%,(2.07±0.50)%。结论L02细胞膜上LPS受体CD14、TLR4、TLR2表达水平低,致使LPS不能直接引起L02细胞损伤。     

焦亚硫酸钠对大鼠海马CA1区神经元钠电流的影响

目的：探讨SO2 及其体内衍生物（亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐）对中枢神经元钠通道的影响。 方法: 采用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了焦亚硫酸钠（SMB）对大鼠海马CA1区神经元钠电流的影响及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)相应的保护作用。 结果： ① 焦亚硫酸钠可剂量依赖性地增大全细胞钠电流，剂量为2 μmol/L和20 μmol/L时，钠电流分别增大（22.36±3.28）% 和（65.05±5.75）%（n=10）。② 10　μmol/L的焦亚硫酸钠不影响钠电流的激活过程，却非常显著地影响其失活过程，使失活曲线显著右移，作用前后的半数失活电压分别为（-82.38±0.54）mV和（-69.39±0.41）mV (n=10, P<0.01), 但失活曲线的斜率因子未见改变。③ SOD(1×106 U/L)、CAT(2×106 U/L) 及GPx (1×104 U/L) 均可使SMB（10 μmol/L）增大的钠电流部分恢复。 结论： SMB增大钠电流并抑制其失活过程，从而影响神经细胞的兴奋性，这一效应可能与硫中心或氧中心自由基的损伤作用有关。     

脂氧素A4抑制内毒素诱导的人支气管上皮细胞环氧合酶2及前列腺素E2的表达

目的: 探讨脂氧素A₄对人支气管上皮细胞(HBECs)环氧合酶2(COX-2)表达的影响。方法: 应用不同浓度(0.1、1、10 mg/L)的内毒素(LPS)刺激HBECs 9 h,或者用1 mg/L LPS分别刺激HBECs不同时点(3 h、6 h、9 h)后,测定HBECs的COX-2 mRNA表达和细胞上清液前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)水平。应用不同浓度 (0、100、400 μmol/L) 的脂氧素A₄作用于经过LPS(1 mg/L)刺激培养9 h的HBECs,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液PGE₂的水平, 同时分别应用RT-PCR和Western blotting分别检测HBECs COX-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果: LPS刺激培养条件下HBECs的COX-2 mRNA表达及其上清液PGE₂水平增加,并呈时间、剂量依赖性。脂氧素A₄能抑制LPS刺激培养HBECs COX-2蛋白和mRNA的表达及上清液PGE₂的水平,并呈剂量依赖性。结论: 脂氧素A₄能抑制LPS诱导的HBECs COX-2表达及上清液PGE₂的水平。     

内毒素对大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的损伤作用

目的：研究急性肺损伤时内毒素主要成分脂多糖（LPS）对肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞（AT-Ⅱ）的损伤作用。方法：18只SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、LPS模型组。通过颈外静脉给药4h后处死动物,收集肺泡灌洗液（BALF）测定表面张力、总磷脂含量（TPL）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、丙二醛（MDA）及总蛋白（TP）含量;取右肺下叶,行HE染色光镜观察。结果：与对照组相比,LPS可增加表面张力[（23．12±2．8）vs（19．6±2．5）mN·m^-1,P〈0．05],并提高BALF中LDH活性[（8．2±1．9）vs（4．7±1．9）μkat·L^-1,P〈0．05]以及AKP活性[（256±101）vs（102±81）nkat·L^-1,P〈0．01];增加TP含量[（85±31）vs（29±16）g·L^-1,P〈0．01]和MDA含量;降低BALF中TPL含量[（370±57）vs（432±43）μg·kg^-1,P〈0．05]。同时光镜下发现LPS组呈典型间质性肺水肿表现。结论：LPS可以引起AT-Ⅱ的损伤,并抑制其合成、分泌肺表面活性物质。     

IgA1与系膜细胞共培养上清对足细胞分泌TNF-α的影响及机制探讨

目的： 探讨IgA肾病血清IgA1与系膜细胞共培养上清对足细胞分泌TNF-α的影响及机制。方法：Jacalin 亲和层析柱和Sephacryl S-200 分子筛用来纯化蛋白,单体IgA1（mIgA1)热聚合为聚合体IgA1(aIgA1), 同步化的系膜细胞与患者和健康对照来源的aIgA1共培养,收集上清,分别与同步化的足细胞作用;ELISA检测足细胞上清TNF-α水平,real time PCR 检测凋亡相关基因Ang、ACE mRNA表达情况。结果：IgAN患者来源的aIgA1与系膜细胞共培养得到上清可刺激足细胞分泌TNF-α,其水平显著高于对照组［(12.47±1.45) ng/L vs (2.33±0.65) ng/L,P<0.05］。与对照和健康上清组相比,该上清可上调足细胞Ang和ACE mRNA显著升高(P<0.05)。依那普利拉(10-5 mol/L)可使该上清作用后的足细胞分泌的TNF-α显著下降至(7.52±1.12) ng/L (P<0.05);而缬沙坦(10-5 mol/L)则使之下降至(6.64±0.68) ng/L (P<0.05);而依那普利拉(0.5×10-5 mol/L)和缬沙坦(0.5×10-5 mol/L)联合治疗可使足细胞TNF-α下降至(2.72±0.55) ng/L,与对照无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论：IgA肾病患者血清IgA1与系膜细胞共培养上清可通过激活肾素-血管紧张素系统而刺激足细胞TNF-α分泌,参与IgAN的进展。     

Bovine Serum Albumin Preparations Enhance in Vitro Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor α by Murine Macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is most commonly produced by macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present study shows that BSA in place of FBS in RPMI 1640 medium accelerated the rate of LPS-induced TNF-α production by resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice when compared to LPS in serum free medium. Using 10 or 100 ng LPS/ml and 100 U IFN-γ/ml in RPMI 1640 medium plus 0.5% BSA, both cytoplasmic TNF-α mRNA and TNF-α precursor and extracellular TNF-α production by mouse macrophages were increased when compared to stimulation by LPS plus IFN-γ in medium without BSA and FBS. The level of TNF-α produced was shown to be related to the BSA concentration. Medium containing BSA but no LPS also stimulated macrophages to produce TNF-α, but BSA's TNF-α inducing activity varied among different lots and was not blocked by polyclonal antibody to BSA. This effect appeared to be associated with the presence of immunoglobulin in BSA products. Confirmation that BSA activity was not due to LPS contamination was achieved by testing macrophages from LPS-nonresponder C3H/HeJ mice, as well as testing TNF-α induction in the presence of polymyxin B (10 μg/ml), an LPS inhibitor.     

Interleukin-1 release by alveolar macrophages in asthmatic patients and healthy subjects

A thymocyte proliferative response assay was used to compare spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1 (IL-1) release by alveolar macrophage (AM) in asthmatic patients and normal subjects. Twelve asthmatic patients and seven nonsmoking healthy subjects underwent a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). All asthmatic patients had a reversible airway obstruction and 7/12 were allergic. BAL AM were separated by adherence on tissue culture plates in medium RPMI-1640 supplemented with antibiotics and fetal calf serum, and were incubated with or without 10 micrograms/ml LPS for 20 h. Free-cell supernatants were tested by C3H/HeJ mice thymocyte proliferative assay. Unstimulated AM supernatant IL-1 activity was significantly higher in asthmatic patients (mean +/- SEM: 47.8 +/- 11.9 units/10(6) AM) in comparison with healthy subjects (4.8 +/- 2.3 units/10(6) AM; p less than 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test) but did not significantly differ between allergic (42.2 +/- 15.5 units/10(6) AM) and intrinsic asthmatic patients (55.8 +/- 20.7 units/10(6) AM). For healthy subjects, IL-1 activity was significantly higher in LPS-stimulated AM supernatants (85 +/- 20 units/10(6) AM, p less than 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test) in comparison with unstimulated ones; for asthmatic patients, unstimulated and LPS-stimulated AM supernatant IL-1 activity did not significantly differ. This finding is in accordance with previous work suggesting that AM from asthmatic patients have a weak suppressive activity upon lymphocyte proliferation and emphasize the enhanced AM releasability in asthma.     

Human lymphocyte transformation induced by mitogens and antigens in a serum-free tissue culture system

The use of serum to supplement lymphocyte tissue culture media introduces uncontrolled variables; different serum sources, lots and concentrations can produce variability in experimental results, serum can stimulate or inhibit lymphocytes, and components of serum can react with substances whose effects on lymphocytes are being studied. To avoid these problems, we studied the ability of human peripheral mononuclear cells to survive and to respond to stimulation in an entirely synthetic medium, RPMI-1640 supplemented with L-glutamine, gentamicin, HEPES buffer and magnesium. Optical cell concentration in this serum-free RPMI-1640 was 2.5 × 10⁶ cells/ml, whereas optimal cell concentration in serum containing RPMI-1640 was 1 × 10⁶ cells/ml. In this serum-free RPMI-1640, 50% of the cellular input was recovered as viable cells after 7 days of culture, which was similar to results in serum containing RPMI-1640. Mononuclear cell transformation was induced by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, streptolysin O and candida. Optimal doses of stimulants and the kinetics of the responses were similar in serum-free and serum containing RPMI-1640. This system can be used to avoid the problems inherent in systems which supplement tissue culture media with serum.     

肾上腺髓质素加强高糖对自发性高血压大鼠胰岛β细胞的毒性作用

探讨高糖是否对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)和 Wistar- Kyoto(WKY)鼠胰岛 β细胞分泌功能具有抑制作用 ,肾上腺髓质素 (adrenomedullin,AM)能否加强此抑制作用。选取 6周龄 SHR鼠及 10周龄 WKY鼠各 10只 ,分离胰岛放入 12孔培养板内 (90个胰岛 /孔 )培养。先以含 5 .6 m mol/ L(m M)葡萄糖的 RPMI16 4 0培养基培养 1h,取出培养液。然后用含 2 0 m M葡萄糖及不同浓度 AM(分别是 0 ,10 - 8,10 - 7,10 - 6 M)的 RPMI 16 4 0培养基培养 1小时 ,取出培养液 ,放射免疫分析 (RIA)方法测定两次培养液的胰岛素含量。 SHR鼠的胰岛细胞经用不加 AM含 2 0m M葡萄糖的 16 4 0培养基培养 1h后 ,与用含 5 .6 m M葡萄糖的 16 4 0培养基培养 1h相比 ,其培养液中胰岛素含量明显降低 (分别是 19.9± 6 .6 vs6 0 .9± 33.6 m U/ L,P<0 .0 5 )。当用含 2 0 m M葡萄糖及不同浓度 AM的 16 4 0培养基培养时 ,随着 AM浓度的增加 ,培养液中的胰岛素含量进一步减少 (19.9± 6 .6 vs2 2 .2± 8.0 vs2 1.5± 5 .6 vs17.9± 3.6 m U/ L)。对照组 WKY鼠的胰岛细胞经上述相同方法处理后得出相似的结果。但 WKY鼠与 SHR鼠相比 ,其胰岛细胞经用含 5 .6 m M及 2 0 m M葡萄糖培养基培养后培养液中的胰岛素含量较高 (P<0 .0 1)。用高糖培养基培养     

外源性硫化氢对小鼠原代肝细胞内脂质自噬分解的影响

目的:研究硫化氢(H2S)供体GYY4137释放的外源性H2S对小鼠原代肝细胞内脂质自噬分解的影响。方法:采用2步原位灌流法分离C57BL/6小鼠原代肝细胞并分为4组:用正常培养基培养正常组细胞;模型组用含1.2 mmol/L油酸(溶于10%的BSA)的培养基培养48 h;H2S组和炔丙基甘氨酸(PAG)组则用1.2 mmol/L油酸(溶于10%的BSA)的培养液培养48 h,然后换无血清无酚红的RPMI-1640培养液(同时分别给予1 mmol/L GYY4137和200μmol/L PAG)处理6 h。收集各组细胞做LC3免疫荧光染色,拍摄荧光和相差图片;Western blot检测肝细胞中LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ的蛋白表达量;透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构。结果:和模型组相比,H2S组肝细胞内LC3荧光颗粒和蛋白表达量增加,自噬溶酶体数量增加,细胞内空泡增多。结论:外源性H2S可促进脂肪变性肝细胞内脂质自噬分解。     

Improved in vitro cultivation of larvae of the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus

Parasitic larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus are of major importance for the development of immunity in cattle. The conditions for in vitro cultivation of D. viviparus larvae as well as their morphology have thus far been only poorly investigated. Exsheathed larvae were cultivated in vitro in RPMI-1640 (Gibco-BRL, pH 7.2) containing 20% newborn Calf serum, 200 U Moronal/ml, and 200 U penicillin/streptomycin/ml. Incubation was performed at 39.5 °C at 0, 5%, 10%, and 20% CO₂. Average development rates to third-moult (3 M) or fourth-stage (L4) larvae at 5% CO₂ incubation were 8.33% (SD ± 7.76%), 22.52% (SD ± 13.09%) at 10% CO₂, and 38.01% (SD ± 15.63%) at 20% CO₂. These differences were statistically significant. Some morphological features of these larvae are described. Received: 28 March 1998 / Accepted: 17 April 1998     

醛固酮对肾小球系膜细胞上血管紧张素Ⅱ受体表达的影响

目的：研究醛固酮(ALD)对高糖状态下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（RMCs）上血管紧张素Ⅱ1a、1b 和 2 型受体(AT-1aR、 AT-1bR 和 AT-2R)表达的影响及意义。方法:以不同浓度的 ALD (10-8-10-6 mol/L)或 10-7 mol/L 螺内酯(醛固酮受体拮抗剂,SPI)或 10-7 mol/L 氯沙坦（血管紧张素Ⅱ 1 型受体拮抗剂,Los）或10-9 mol/L PD123319(血管紧张素Ⅱ 2 型受体拮抗剂,PD)刺激高糖(30 mmol)状态下培养的 RMCs, MTT 法检测 RMCs 的增殖,半定量 RT-PCR 法检测细胞上 AT-1aR、AT-1bR 和 AT-2R mRNA 的表达,ELISA法检测单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的表达。结果: ALD(10-8-10-6 mol/ L)刺激高糖状态下 RMCs 12 h 后, AT-1aR、AT-1bR 和 AT-2R mRNA 表达显著上调,分别为高糖对照组的 1.62-1.77倍、9.61-9.89倍、7.26-7.35倍（P<0.01）。 ALD 受体拮抗剂 SPI 能拮抗 ALD 上调 AT-1aR、 AT-1bR 表达的作用;而 AT-2R mRNA 表达轻度增加（P<0.05）。ALD 刺激高糖状态下 RMCs 12 h 后 AT-1aR/AT-1bR 显著下降（P<0.01）,SPI 能拮抗 ALD的这种作用。ALD 刺激高糖状态下RMCs 12 h 后,MCP-1表达增加（P<0.01）,SPI/Los/PD 能拮抗 ALD 的作用。结论: ALD 能通过上调高糖状态下 RMCs 上 AT-1aR、 AT-1bR 和 AT-2R 基因表达, 改变 AT-1R 亚型的比例,诱导 MCP-1 过度表达,参与炎症反应。     

Interleukin-6 production by tumor necrosis factor and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat renal cells

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by various cell types, including monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. IL-6 has also been detected in the urine of normal and renal transplant patients. Thus, the possible production of this cytokine by glomeruli and mesangial cells was investigated. Rat glomeruli were obtained by serial sieving of cortical homogenates of blood-free kidneys. Mesangial cells were obtained from the glomeruli and cultured under standard methods in RPMI 1640 medium containing 15% fetal calf serum. Glomeruli or confluent monolayers cells were then incubated in RPMI 1640 for 18 hr, in the presence or not of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or platelet-activating factor (PAF). IL-6 activity was measured using the IL-6-dependent cell line subclone (B 9-9) and expressed with respect to a standard curve established with recombinant IL-6. Glomeruli generate IL-6 upon TNF alpha (100 ng/ml) and LPS (1 microgram/ml), 11,500 +/- 3000 and 22,000 +/- 7500 U/ml, respectively. Nonstimulated mesangial cells produced 50 +/- 5 U/ml (mean +/- SEM, n = 4) of IL-6. TNF alpha (1 ng/ml) and LPS (1 microgram/ml) induced the production of 800 +/- 90 and 40,000 +/- 5000 U/ml, respectively (n = 4). In contrast, PAF (0.1 nM-1 microM) did not increase IL-6 production from glomeruli or mesangial cells. These results demonstrate that renal cells spontaneously generate minimal amounts of IL-6 and that this production is significantly increased by TNF alpha or LPS. A synergy between LPS and TNF alpha was induced in glomerular cells with 10 ng/ml of TNF alpha and graded concentrations of LPS. Thus, the production of IL-6 by glomerular cells and its modulation by other cytokines or endotoxins may play a role in the local immunological processes leading to immune glomerular diseases.