山西省HBV基因型及亚型分布调查

目的了解山西省乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的基因型及亚型分布情况。方法对136例乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性者血清采用PCR-PFLP结合基因型特异性引物-PCR法进行HBV基因型及亚型检测。结果 136例HBV感染者的血清标本经PCR-PFLP分析,B基因型18例,均为Ba亚型,占13.2%;C基因型113例,占83.1%,除4例未分型外均为Ce亚型;D基因型5例,占3.7%。经型特异性引物-PCR分析,18例HBV B基因型中有4例为B/C基因型混合感染;5例经PCR-PFLP确定的D基因型病毒经型特异性引物法分析有2例扩增出E基因型条带。C、B基因型病毒感染者的平均年龄分别为(39.5±13.1)岁和(30.5±14.1)岁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与B基因型相比,C基因型病毒感染者的HBeAg阴转率减慢。结论山西省HBV基因型主要为C(Ce),有少量的B(Ba)和D基因型,且存在B/C混合基因型,且可能存在D和E基因型病毒的重组体;与B基因型比较,感染C基因型病毒更难被机体清除,疾病更易慢性化。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型和亚型分布调查

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型和亚型流行情况。方法应用HBV基因型和亚型特异性引物PCR法对北京、长春、大连、西安、石家庄、郑州和合肥7个城市660份HBVDNA阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清进行基因型和亚型分析。结果在660份HBVDNA阳性血清中,B基因型、C基因型和B/C混合感染分别为16.67%(110/660)、74.54%(492/660)和8.79%(58/660);在C基因型中,C1亚型6例(1.22%)、C2亚型473例(96.14%)、C1/C2混合基因亚型13例(2.64%);B基因型均为Ba亚型,B基因型和C基因型混合感染者均为Ba与C2亚型混合感染,未发现其他基因型和基因亚型;不同基因型感染患者HBeAg阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.153);B基因型和C基因型患者之间血清HBVDNA水平差异无统计学意义(6.37±1.62lgcopies/ml对6.29±1.76lgcopies/ml),但均高于B和C基因型混合感染患者(5.25±1.65lgcopies/ml)。结论这7个城市慢性乙型肝炎患者以B基因型和C基因型感染为主,有部分B/C基因型混合感染。HBV亚型以Ba和C2亚型占优势。     

新疆维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布及其特点

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布及其特点。方法采用型特异性引物巢式PCR法对127例维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者进行基因分型,并测序验证。结果基因D型占39．4%（50/127）,基因B型占22．0%（28/127）,基因C型占16．5%（21/127）,基因BD混合型占9．4%（12/127）,基因CD混合型占8．7%（11/127）,基因BCD混合型占3．9%（5/127）; HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性的维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者基因型分布,差异无统计学意义（x^2= 6．033,P＞0．05）;不同年龄维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布差异无统计学意义（x^2= 3．137,P＞0．05）;不同性别维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型分布差异亦无统计学意义（x^2= 8．058,P＞0．05）。结论新疆维吾尔族慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型以D型占优势,其次可见B、C型及BD、CD、BCD混合型。同一疾病谱的慢性HBV感染者基因型分布可能与宿主HBeAg状态、年龄、性别无明显关系。     

青海地区乙型肝炎感染者C/D基因型重组分布

目的区分D基因型重组类型,了解青海地区乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者C/D基因型重组情况.方法收集217份青海地区慢性乙型肝炎感染者样品,PCR扩增535-1460 nt和1779-2400 nt2个片段的乙型肝炎病毒基因序列,分2区(593-799 nt、799-1450 nt和1799-2400 nt)构建进化树,确定青海地区HBV基因重组类型.利用INNO-Li PA HBV分型试剂检测青海地区的C/D基因型重组样品,计算符合率.结果青海地区利用HBV不同区域进化树分型,结果显示各基因型比例为CD1(61.9%)、CD2(8.4%)、C(27.0%)和B(2.8%).基因型分布在藏族和汉族乙型肝炎感染者中的差异具有显著的统计学意义(?2=17.9,P0.01),藏族乙型肝炎感染者中C/D基因型重组和C基因型比例为9 1.5%和8.5%;在汉族中的比例为68.5%和32.3%.C/D基因型重组和C基因型HBV e抗原阴阳性的差异(?2=0.28,P0.05)以及病毒载量的差异(t=1.125,P0.05)均没有统计学意义.C/D重组样品INNO-Li PA分型试剂检测结果为D基因型的理论符合率为87.8%.结论青海地区乙型肝炎感染者以CD1(10-799 nt)基因型重组以主,对其临床意义应进一步的研究分析.该地区的HBV分型检测应注意基因重组对分型试剂的影响.     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒基因型和亚型分布及与临床关系的探讨

目的了解乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型和亚型分布情况,探讨其与临床的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)对2006年1月至4月邯郸市传染病医院收集的108份HBV感染者的血清进行乙型肝炎病毒基因型和亚型分型,分析乙型肝炎病毒基因型与患者临床特点的相关性。结果108例慢性乙型肝炎患者感染的HBV主要以C基因型为主,占93.5%,B基因型占6.5%;B基因型中均为Ba型,C基因型中C2亚型为主,占C基因型的88.1%。不同性别感染基因型和C1、C2亚型分布差异无显著性意义。肝生化指标丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)比较提示C基因型患者的肝脏炎症较B基因型患者重,但差异无显著性意义。C基因型患者血清乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性率显著高于B基因型患者。C基因型患者血清HBV-DNA略高于B基因型,但差异无显著性意义。C1、C2亚型间在肝功能、HBeAg阳性率和血清HBV-DNA载量方面差异均无显著性意义。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者感染的HBV主要以C基因型(C2亚型)为主。C基因型的患者血清HBeAg阳性率高于B基因型,C基因型患者与B基因型相比肝脏炎症程度、HBV-DNA载量差异无显著性意义。C1和C2亚型患者的临床特点相似。     

一株新疆维吾尔族D型乙型肝炎病毒的全基因克隆分析

目的 进行一株新疆维吾尔族D型HBV的全基因克隆.方法应用PCR扩增HBV全基因,进行全基因克隆,挑取阳性克隆进行序列测定,使用BioEdit和美国国立生物技术信息中心(NCBI)-BLAST工具进行生物信息学分析.结果获得1例新疆维吾尔族慢性HBV感染者D型HBV病毒株的全基因序列,其基因组全长为3174 bp,与目前D基因型参照序列比较,同源性为92%～98%,与1株来自中国的DC重组基因型(AY862865)比较,同源性为91%.进一步分析发现,该新疆病毒株与目前D基因型基因库参照序列比较,有9个碱基缺失,位于核苷酸第1760～1768位(ATTAAAGGT),即可能发生了缺失突变.氨基酸分析发现,其血清型为ayw2型.重组位点分析发现,该新疆病毒株未与其他基因型重组.该新疆株与2株来自土耳其的HBV株(AY796032和AY721605)遗传距离最近.结论成功克隆了一例维吾尔族慢性HBV感染者D型HBV病毒株的全基因序列,新疆维吾尔族D基因型HBV病毒株有其自身特点.     

中国广东地区乙型肝炎病毒基因亚型的分布

目的调查中国广东地区乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型,主要是基因亚型的分布情况.方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法以及序列测定法,对广东地区417例慢性HBV感染者血清进行研究.结果广东地区流行的HBV基因型主要为B型和C型,其中B型为Ba亚型,未发现Bj亚型的存在.C亚型有C1和C2两个亚型,其中C1占63%,C2占37%.结论广东地区流行的HBV基因型以Ba和C1亚型为主,C2亚型较少,Bj亚型极为罕见.     

未经治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒耐药变异、基因型和血清型研究

目的 研究未经核苷(酸)类似物(NA)治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV耐药变异、基因型、基因亚型和血清型特点.方法 从北京大学附属医院收集97例未经NA治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者血清,用半巢式聚合酶链反应-直接测序法获得HBV全长逆转录酶区序列,用生物信息学技术筛查该区内11个经典耐药变异位点并鉴定基因型、基因亚型和血清型.用统计分析软件SPSS11.0进行t检验和χ~2检验. 结果 HBV在11个经典耐药变异位点上均为野生型氨基酸;B基因型和C基因型分别占36.1%(35/97)和63.9%(62/97),前者均属B2亚型,后者C2亚型占91.9%(57/62),C1亚型占6.5%(4/62),1例未能分出亚型.已知出生地的患者中,71.9%(23/32) B基因型感染者出生于我国南方地区,81.6%(40/49) C基因型感染者出生于北方地区,基因型地域分布特点明显,χ~2=23.19,P<0.01.血清型为adr者占60.8%(59/97),与C基因型相关;为adw者占38.1%(37/97),与B基因型相关,χ~2=87.83,P<0.01.结论 未经NA治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者体内野毒株为优势株,其基因型、基因亚型和血清型与患者出生地有关.     

贵州地区慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者病毒基因亚型研究

目的调查贵州省B、C基因型慢性HBV感染者的病毒基因亚型。方法PCR扩增HBV P区长309 bp的基因片段,扩增产物分别经限制性内切酶NciⅠ、VspⅠ、BstEⅡ酶切,琼脂糖凝胶电泳,根据酶切图谱多态性,用限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）检测HBV C基因亚型。直接测序确定B基因亚型、对178例用S基因限制性片段长度多态性鉴定为B、C基因型的不同临床类型慢性HBV感染者进行亚型分析。结果84例C基因型HBV感染者中,27例（32.14%）为C1亚型、56例（66.67%）为C2亚型,1例为C1、C2亚型混合感染。94例B基因型HBV感染者中,93例（98.94%）为Ba、1例为Bj亚型感染。从无症状乙型肝炎表面抗原携带者、CHB到肝硬化/肝癌,C1亚型在各组中的比例逐渐降低,分别为60.00%、30.65%和16.67%;而C2亚型在各对应组中的分布逐渐增高,分别为40.00%、67.74%和83.33%。结论贵州地区B、C基因型慢性HBV感染者中,以Ba、C2亚型为主。C1、C2亚型在疾病中的分布有一定差异。PCR-RFLP分析HBV C1、C2亚型,方法简便、特异性强,适合较大样本分析,可用于流行病学调查。     

泉州地区慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型、基因亚型及血清型分布调查

目的调查泉州地区慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV基因型、基因亚型及血清型的分布。方法采用巢式PCR法对48例样本S基因扩增后进行测序,应用Neighbor Joining构建系统进化树并分析其基因型和基因亚型,应用Magnius和Norder法进行血清型分析。结果48例慢性乙型肝炎患者中,检测出B基因型35例（68.8%）,C型13例（31.2%）;B基因型中Ba亚型占97.0%,adw2血清型占93.9%;C基因型中C2亚型占93.3%,adrq+血清型占80.0%。结论泉州地区慢性乙型肝炎患者以B基因型为主,其次是C基因型;B基因型样本中,以Ba亚型和adw2血清型为主,C基因型样本中,以C2亚型和adrq+血清型为主。     

Subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus genotype C do not correlate with disease progression of chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C (HBV/C) has two subgenotypes: HBV/Cs and Ce. The prevalence and clinical implications of subgenotype Cs and Ce in Taiwanese HBV carriers remain unknown. METHODS: Subgenotypes of HBV/C were determined in 242 Taiwanese HBV carriers with various stages of liver disease. The clinical as well as virologic features between patients with HBV/Cs and HBV/Ce infection were further compared. RESULTS: HBV/Ce was the predominant subgenotype in Taiwan. The prevalence of HBV/Ce was 93.6% in the inactive carriers group, 84.2% in chronic hepatitis patients, 81.2% in cirrhosis patients, 92.5% in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without cirrhosis and 91.9% in HCC patients with cirrhosis. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the HBV/C subgenotypes among patients with different stages of liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Subgenotypes of HBV/C may not have a clinical impact on the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan.     

New HBV subgenotype D9, a novel D/C recombinant,identified in patients with chronic HBeAg‐negative infection in Eastern India

Genome diversity is a hallmark of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which allowed its classification into 10 genotypes (A–J) and numerous subgenotypes. Among them, Genotype D is currently segregated into eight subgenotypes (D1–D8). Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel subgenotype within genotype D of HBV from chronic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative patients of Eastern India. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on complete genome sequences revealed that six of 39 HBV/D isolates formed a distinct cluster supported by high bootstrap value and had nucleotide divergence >4% relative to the known D subgenotypes (D1–D8), justifying their assignment into a new subgenotype (D9). By comparing the amino acid sequences of the four ORFs of HBV/D9 with D1–D8, 36 specific residues, including a unique one (E₁₁₂ in the core region), were identified that could be considered as a signature of D9. Further analysis by Simplot, BootScan and jpHMM demonstrated that D9 resulted from a discrete recombination with genotype C over the precore–core region. This type of recombination has not been described previously as all C/D recombinants reported so far possessed genotype C backbones with mosaic fragments derived from HBV/D. Interestingly, compared to other subgenotypes of HBV/D, D9 isolates had a higher frequency of mutations (A1762T and G1764A) in the basal core promoter region that had been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to determine the overall prevalence and clinical significance of these newly characterized D9 strains and to assess the impact of inter‐genotypic recombination on viral properties.     

Hepatitis B virus subgenotypes and basal core promoter mutations in Indonesia

AIM： To identify the distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） subgenotype and basal core promoter （BCP） mutations among patients with HBV-associated liver disease in Indonesia.
METHODS： Patients with chronic hepatitis （CH, n =61）, liver cirrhosis （LC, n = 62）, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC, n = 48） were included in this study. HBV subgenotype was identified based on S or preS gene sequence, and mutations in the HBx gene including the overlapping BCP region were examined by direct sequencing.
RESULTS： HBV genotype B （subgenotypes B2, B3, B4, 85 and B7） the major genotype in the samples, accounted for 75.4%, 71.0% and 75.0% of CH, LC and HCC patients, respectively, while the genotype C （subgenotypes C1, C2 and C3） was detected in 24.6%, 29.0%, and 25.0% of CH, LC, and HCC patients, respectively. Subgenotypes B3 （84.9%） and C1 （82.2%） were the main subgenotype in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Serotype adw2 （84.9%） and adrq＋ （89.4%） were the most prevalent in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Double mutation （A1762T/G1764A） in the BCP was significantly higher in LC （59.7%） and HCC （54.2%） than in CH （19.7%）, suggesting that this mutation was associated with severity of liver disease. The T1753V was also higher in LC （46.8%）, but lower in HCC （22.9%） and CH （18.0%）, suggesting that this mutation may be an indicator of cirrhosis.
CONCLUSION： HBV genotype B/B3 and C/C1 are the major genotypes in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP, such as A1762T/G1764A and T1753V, might have an association with manifestations of liver disease.     

Clinical relevance and public health significance of hepatitis B virus genomic variations

Ten hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes (A-J) and 34 HBV subgenotypes have been identified so far. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical distributions, and have been shown to differ with regard to clinical outcome, prognosis, and response to interferon treatment. Infection with subgenotype A2 is frequently associated with high viral load, resulting in acute infection via horizontal transmission. Genotypes A and B are more sensitive to interferon treatment than genotypes D and C, respectively. Genotype B is more frequent in acute hepatitis than genotype C, whereas genotype C (C2) is more frequently associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly cirrhotic, as compared with genotype B (B2). Genotype mixture is associated with high viral load and worse outcome of HBV infection. HBV mutations in the S genes, especially amino acids substitution at position 145 (G145R), are associated with immune escape, whereas mutations in the PreS or S genes which impair HBsAg secretion could present a risk to blood safety. HBV variants harboring mutations in the viral polymerase gene that confer resistance to nucleoside analogs may be selected during antiviral therapy. Different genotypes have distinct mutation patterns in the PreS and EnhⅡ/BCP/Precore regions.PreS deletions, C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A are associated with an increased risk of HCC. HCCassociated HBV mutants may not transmit via motherto- child transmission, and are likely generated during HBV-induced pathogenesis. Examination of HBV mutations alone or in combination and host genetic suscep susceptibility will be helpful in classifying the HBV-infected subjects who will develop HCC and need active antiviral treatments.     

Genetic diversity of HBV in indigenous populations on the border between Brazil and Bolivia

Hepatitis B is considered an important public health problem worldwide because it is a chronic infection with a risk factor for cirrhosis and cellular hepatocellular carcinoma. In Brazil, the Rondônia State ranks first in the Northern region regarding the number of deaths due to hepatitis B. In the Amazon basin, genotype F is considered specific to the Americas identified in native populations. But few data on HBV genotyping and phylogenetic analysis are available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypes and subgenotypes of the hepatitis B virus in indigenous people chronic carriers residing in cities of Guajará Mirim and Nova Mamoré in state of Rondônia/Brazil, on the border with Bolivia. A fragment of 417 bp (S gene) was amplified by PCR and submitted to nucleotide sequencing. The genotypes and subgenotypes of the HBV strains were determined through phylogenetic inference using genomic sequences from 197 representatives of the genotypes (A-H). Of the 41 chronic hepatitis B patients enrolled in this study, 27 were HBV-DNA positive. Of the 27 DNA-HBV positives, 39% (17/41) had individual HBV infection and 27% (10/41) were coinfected with HDV. The frequency of genotypes was 40.7% (11/27) for genotype D (HBV-D), 33.3% (9/27) for genotype F (HBV-F) and 25.9% (7/27) for genotype A (HBV-A) with circulating subgenotypes F2, F4, D2, D3, A1, and A2. We characterized the genotypes and subgenotypes of HBV circulating among in indigenous in the State of Rondônia shows for the first time the HBV/D genotype whit greater frequency circulating in nativos of state Rondônia. In conclusion, our findings showed a diversity of HBV genotypes, which is also found in other Brazilian geographical regions.