冠心病患者PTCA前后双核素心肌显像结果对比分析

目的应用~(99)Tc~m-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)/~(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)心肌灌注断层显像及代谢显像评价经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)及支架置入的效果。方法 33例冠心病患者在成功的 PTCA 及支架置入术前及术后(平均)3个月进行心肌灌注/代谢显像。结果术前、术后患者心肌缺血节段数分别为2.7±0.4与1.7±0.3(P<0.05);心肌细胞代谢低下节段数分别为1.9±0.3与1.2±0.3(P<0.05)。术后较术前心肌缺血及心肌细胞代谢低下节段平均减少数分别为0.98±0.2与0.65±0.2(P<0.05)。结论成功的 PTCA 及支架置入术后心肌缺血和心肌细胞代谢明显改善,但心肌细胞代谢改善程度远不如血流灌注。     

用核素心脏显像评价冠心病患者骨髓干细胞移植术的效果

目的用核素心脏显像评价心脏骨髓干细胞移植术的效果。方法冠心病和扩张性心肌病患者36例,在骨髓干细胞移植术前及术后随访期进行运动 静息或静息 硝酸甘油介入心肌灌注断层显像,其中15例行心室显像检查。结果术后患者缺血心肌节段及梗死心肌节段减少,分别为术前(26±04)与(36±05)个及术后(15±04)与(20±04)个。左室射血分数平均增加183%,运动低下节段数明显减少。提示术后缺血心肌血运改善,心功能部分恢复,梗死心肌区有新生心肌细胞。结论用核素心脏显像评价骨髓干细胞移植术后近期效果较有价值。     

AMI患者直接与择期PTCA术后心肌活性及左室功能的研究

目的　比较直接与择期经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后患者心肌活性及左室功能的影响。方法　采用双探头符合线路SPECT ,分别对 2 4例经直接PTCA治疗 (直接PTCA组 )和 2 2例经择期PTCA治疗 (择期PTCA组 )的AMI患者于PTCA术后 10～ 2 0d进行99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)门控心肌断层显像 ,并在 1周内完成心肌1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)符合线路显像。将MIBI摄取明显减低或无摄取而FDG摄取明显改善的心肌节段判定为存活心肌。结果　直接PTCA组与择期PTCA组的心肌灌注减低节段分别为 16 .2 % (35 2 16个 )和 2 8.3% (5 6 198个 ) ,2组比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =8.8,P <0 .0 1) ;存活心肌节段分别为 77.1% (2 7 35个 )和 5 3.6 % (30 5 6个 ) ,2组比较差异有极显著性 (χ2 =18.4 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;左室射血分数 (LVEF)分别为 (6 5 .4± 9.8) %和 (5 1.2±10 .3) % ,2组比较差异有显著性 (t=2 .5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　直接PTCA能更有效地增加心肌血流灌注 ,并可更多地挽救AMI患者的存活心肌和保护心脏功能。     

门控心肌灌注显像筛选冠心病介入治疗及其疗效的评价

目的探讨腺苷负荷/静息99mTc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)联合硝酸甘油(NTG)介入心肌灌注显像,筛选冠心病患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),并且用腺苷负荷/静息99mTc-MIBI G-MPI评价治疗后的疗效。方法238例疑诊的冠心病患者均行腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI,间隔1～2天后对确诊为心肌梗死的68例患者继续行NTG介入心肌灌注显像,筛选出具有存活心肌的患者进行PCI治疗。治疗后6～12个月复查腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI,比较PCI术前及术后随访期G-MPI的定性与定量分析的结果。结果 68例心肌梗死患者NTG介入显像提示心肌存活患者51例,静息显像的524个异常灌注节段,NTG介入显像发现有242个节段灌注得到改善,改善率为46. 2%(242/524),NTG介入显像所获得的总评分SS低于静息显像SS(14. 62±5. 81 vs 18. 82±6. 37,P 0. 05)。51例心肌存活患者中33例患者行PCI术,术后腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI显示可逆性缺损区节段数、固定性缺损区节段数及负荷静息评分差值SDS均低于术前(204 vs 113,134 vs 92,5. 37±1. 96 vs 2. 49±1. 13,P值均0. 05)。患者PCI术后左室射血分数高于术前(55. 39±11. 71vs 48. 56±10. 27,P 0. 05),术后左室舒张末容积和左室收缩末容积低于术前(97. 98±29. 25 vs 112. 82±30. 38,45. 96±20. 77 vs 55. 64±21. 12,P值均0. 05)。结论负荷/静息G-MPI联合NTG介入显像能提高对心肌梗死患者存活心肌的检出,从而对PCI患者进行更为准确、合理的筛选,同时负荷/静息G-MPI对于术后患者预后及长期随访中也具有一定意义。     

^99Tc^m-MIBI运动负荷-静息心肌灌注显像对冠心病患者经皮腔内冠状动脉血管成形术的疗效评价

目的 用^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（^99Tc^m-MIBI）运动-静息心肌灌注显像评价经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）的疗效。方法20例冠心病患者在PTCA术前和术后应用^99Tc^m-MIBI行运动负荷．静息心肌灌注显像,并对图像进行半定量分析。其中8例患者于术后6个月再次心肌灌注显像。结果对20例患者的27支冠状动脉呈狭窄病变进行PTCA,术前血管的平均狭窄为（84．3±9．2）％,术后平均残留狭窄减为（31．2±9．1）％。运动负荷-静息显像显示可逆性缺损（心肌缺血）的心肌节段数由术前的55个（30．6％）减为术后的10个（5．6％）,差异有显著性（x^2=38．02,P〈0．005）。术后心肌灌注的改善率为81．8％,8例患者术后6个月心肌显像显示3例出现缺血节段,冠状血管造影证实为再狭窄。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI运动负荷-静息心肌灌注显像是一种有效的无创性的判断PTCA术后疗效及再狭窄的方法。     

双核素门控心肌断层显像对心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的　提高心肌断层显像技术对冠心病诊断的准确性和实用性。方法　采用双核素门控心肌断层显像对 10 3例受检者进行检查 ,患者分为冠心病组 (3 7例 )和非冠心病组 (66例 )。静息注射2 0 1Tl和运动高峰注入99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI) ,40min后一次性进行门控双能峰断层采集。分析比较运动和静息的断层图像 ,以及室壁运动、心肌灌注、室壁增厚度和区域射血分数值等 4个功能图像和左室功能参数 :左室射血分数、舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积 (LVEF、EDV和ESV) ,并以不同角度的“双网图”分析各心壁运动情况。有 3 8例在 2周内进行冠状动脉造影。结果　冠心病组检查阳性 94.6% (3 5 / 3 7例 ) ,阴性 5 .4% (2 / 3 7例 ) ;非冠心病组中检查阳性 10 .6% (7/ 66例 ) ,阴性89.4% (5 9/ 66例 )。冠心病组中双核素门控心肌断层显像提示心肌缺血共 48个节段 ,其中有 3 2个在功能图像上出现室壁运动下降和 (或 )区域LVEF值降低 (66.7% )。冠心病组LVEF(% ) ,EDV(mL)和ESV(mL)分别为 5 2 .3 3± 16.2 6,70 .45± 2 8.12和 3 3 .3 5± 18.86,非冠心病组分别为 61.76± 9.3 8,60 .45± 18.18和 2 3 .3 0± 11.0 9,两组之间比较P <0 .0 1(t=2 .96) ,P <0 .0 5 (t =2 .5 5 ) ,P <0 .0 5 (t =2 .67)。其中 3 8例与冠状     

心肌代谢-灌注半定量评分在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的评估放射性核素心肌显像代谢-灌注半定量评分在冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）中的应用价值。方法选择21例多支冠状动脉病变的冠心病患者进行前瞻性研究。所有患者术前均进行^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）门控心肌灌注显像（G—MH）与^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET心肌代谢显像，评估心肌缺血的范围、程度及心肌活力。检查后2周内行CABG。所有患者术后第3个月随访行G—MH。结果G—MH和PET图像的定性和半定量分析均根据美国核心脏病学会（ASNC）提出的阅片指南，分别计算每一心肌节段的静息灌注评分（RS）、代谢-灌注差值（DS）及静息灌注总分（SRS）和代谢-灌注总差值（SDS）。心肌节段的DS〈0分即认为该部位心肌存活，反之则认为心肌活力丧失。在共420个心肌节段中，G—MH共检出164个缺血节段，其中93个节段活力丧失，71个节段存活。根据术前SDS结果，将患者分为3组：A组SDS≥0分，5例；B组-5分≤SDS〈0分，8例；C组SDS〈-5分，8例。随访G—MH发现上述3组术后左室射血分数绝对值较术前分别提高-3．60％，3．38％和6．88％。结论心肌代谢-灌注半定量评分可准确评价患者CABG后疗效，并可预测术后左室功能恢复程度。     

硝酸甘油介入99Tcm-MIBI SPECT心肌显像对PTCA决策的影响

目的评价硝酸甘油(NTG)介入99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI) SPECT心肌显像对心肌梗死患者行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)决策的影响.方法 51例心肌梗死患者PTCA前1周内行99Tcm-MIBI静息和NTG介入心肌显像,术后2～3个月内复查静息心肌显像,并进行对比分析.结果 51例患者共141个心肌灌注异常节段,其中术后74个节段心肌血流灌注改善,治疗有效率为52.48%.术前NTG介入显像表现为可逆性缺损79个节段,术后84.81%(67个)节段心肌灌注改善,其中有明显填充的58个节段,术后全部灌注改善.NTG介入显像表现为不可逆性缺损的62个节段,有11.29 %(7个)节段术后心肌灌注改善.NTG介入显像检测心肌存活的准确性为86.52%.结论 NTG介入99Tcm-MIBI SPECT心肌显像对患者行PTCA起重要的决策作用.     

硝酸甘油介入~(99)Tc~m-MIBISPECT心肌显像对PTCA决策的影响

目的　评价硝酸甘油 (NTG)介入99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)SPECT心肌显像对心肌梗死患者行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)决策的影响。方法　 5 1例心肌梗死患者PTCA前 1周内行99Tcm MIBI静息和NTG介入心肌显像 ,术后 2～ 3个月内复查静息心肌显像 ,并进行对比分析。结果　 5 1例患者共 14 1个心肌灌注异常节段 ,其中术后 74个节段心肌血流灌注改善 ,治疗有效率为5 2 4 8%。术前NTG介入显像表现为可逆性缺损 79个节段 ,术后 84 81% (6 7个 )节段心肌灌注改善 ,其中有明显填充的 5 8个节段 ,术后全部灌注改善。NTG介入显像表现为不可逆性缺损的 6 2个节段 ,有 11 2 9% (7个 )节段术后心肌灌注改善。NTG介入显像检测心肌存活的准确性为 86 5 2 %。结论NTG介入99Tcm MIBISPECT心肌显像对患者行PTCA起重要的决策作用。     

~(99)Tc~m-MIBI运动心肌显像评价冠心病PTCA术后再狭窄

目的　拟用非创伤性方法评价冠心病经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)术后冠状动脉(简称冠脉 )再狭窄。方法　对PTCA治疗后 1～ 2 4个月的 45例冠心病患者 ,静脉注射99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI) ,观察其心肌血流灌注情况 ,结合其他临床参数 ,利用t检验、Spearman相关分析和Logistic分析等多因素评价PTCA术后再狭窄。结果　①未出现再狭窄组和再狭窄组比较 ,追踪时间、术后冠脉造影积分、术后心肌显像积分差异有显著性 ,分别为 (17.2± 7.3)和 (11.4± 7.3)个月、(8.1± 11.5 )和 (19.6± 2 0 .7)分、(0 .4± 0 .7)和 (1.0± 0 .6 )分 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②术后冠脉造影积分与术前冠脉造影积分、术后胸痛症状和术后心肌显像积分呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;③术后心肌显像积分和术后胸痛是预示PTCA术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。结论　99Tcm MIBISPECT运动心肌显像可为非创伤性判断PTCA术后再狭窄提供较可靠的指标。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.