云南省某地艾滋病抗病毒治疗脱失患者的调查

目的 调查云南省某地某地接受免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者脱失原因及其影响因素.方法 整理云南省某地2004年7月至2015年5月的艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者资料, 采用χ2检验, Logistic回归分析患者治疗过程中出现脱失的可能影响因素.结果 6 614例接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病患者中, 540例患者由于各种原因在抗病毒治疗过程中脱失, 脱失率8.2%.艾滋病抗病毒治疗过程中脱失的主要类型为失访 (402例, 74.4%) , 停药 (138例, 25.6%) .婚姻状况为已婚或同居、通过静脉吸毒感染、入组治疗基线CD4细胞计数>500个/μL、接受治疗时间小于6个月等均增加患者治疗过程中脱失概率.结论 在艾滋病抗病毒治疗过程中应加强对吸毒人群、未婚/离异、CD4细胞计数>500个/μL和治疗时间在6月内人群应给予重视, 加强患者依从性教育和关怀, 减少脱失.     

艾滋病现症病人抗病毒治疗效果分析

目的探讨艾滋病抗病毒治疗的效果,为进一步开展有效的抗病毒治疗工作提供依据。方法应用国家免费提供的抗病毒治疗药品对符合治疗条件的艾滋病患者进行规范的抗病毒治疗,并进行病毒载量检测。结果对接受抗病毒治疗中的28位患者进行病毒载量测定,平均病毒载量为2.00 log拷贝/ml,其中16人血浆中检测不到艾滋病毒,占57.14%。30例患者的CD4细胞均不同程度升高,增高从26个/μl到517个/μl,平均增高(193.27±51.91)个/μl;治疗2年以上者CD4细胞平均升高(221.08±87.65)个/μl。病人机会性感染得到明显控制,发病率和死亡率显著降低,死亡率从44.44%下降到2.50%。病人中能从事中重度体力劳动的比例由治疗前的13.33%上升到治疗后的30.00%。结论抗病毒治疗效果显著,艾滋病病人生活质量得到明显改善,符合治疗条件的病人应及早进行规范抗病毒治疗。     

湖南省艾滋病病人抗病毒治疗死亡病例分析

目的探讨影响艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人死亡的主要因素,为降低病人死亡率,提高治疗效果提供参考。方法1 346例艾滋病抗病毒治疗病例信息均来自国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据处理,对病例进行生存分析,计算病死率[/（100人.年）],分析可能影响病人死亡率的临床和基线CD4计数等因素。结果从2003年到2008年,共有1 346名艾滋病人接受抗病毒治疗,其中死亡221例,死亡病例中艾滋病相关疾病死亡198例,其他原因死亡23例;总病死率为13.6/[（100人.年）],12个月生存率为14.0%,按病死率[/（100人.年）]计算为19.8;接受治疗前94.9%（188/198）的患者出现过1种临床症状,77.3%（153/198）的病例同时具有2种或2种以上临床症状;基线CD4计数（个/mm3）在〈50,50~200,〉200各组间病死患者生存时间差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05;1年以内病死的与生存1年以上的病例基线CD4计数水平差异也有统计学意义,P〈0.01。结论接受抗病毒治疗患者1年以内的生存率变化最大,病死率与开始治疗时的基线CD4细胞计数水平及病人的一般情况密切相关,加强病人的早期发现和及时治疗,构建社会综合支持网络,才能有效地降低病人死亡率,提高治疗效果。     

湖北省2003-2015年艾滋病抗病毒治疗死亡病例流行病学分析

目的 分析湖北省艾滋病抗病毒治疗死亡病例的流行病学特征,为降低病人死亡率,提高抗病毒治疗效果提供依据.方法 通过“国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统”,筛选1416例年龄≥15岁的艾滋病抗病毒治疗死亡患者信息,采用SPSS21.0进行统计分析.结果 死亡的1 416例艾滋病患者中,男性占68.67％,女性占31.33％,年龄最小的16岁,最大的87岁,平均死亡年龄(47.68± 12.67)岁,感染途径以性传播为主,占62.01％,婚姻状况以已婚或同居为主,占60.31％,文化程度以初中及以下水平为主,占88.7％;死亡病例在接受抗病毒治疗的3个月内病死率最高,为37.22％.所有死亡病例中,64.76％死于艾滋病相关疾病,Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,抗病毒治疗开始的第1年患者生存率下降最快,Log-Rank检验(P＜ 0.000 1)发现基线CD4计数≤50个/μL的生存率低于基线CD4计数为51～200个/μL组和≥201个/μL组.结论 湖北省艾滋病抗病毒治疗死亡病例病死率较高,应加强患者的早发现和早治疗,降低病死率.     

基于贝叶斯Cox风险比例回归的兰州市HIV感染者/AIDS患者死亡影响因素分析

【目的】了解兰州市HIV/AIDS报告病例相关特征的构成情况,分析艾滋病相关死亡的影响因素。【方法】通过收集兰州市2011-2019年HIV/AIDS报告病例信息,采用生存分析方法,构建贝叶斯Cox风险比例回归模型分析影响死亡的相关因素。【结果】本研究共选取2 312例HIV/AIDS患者,其中艾滋病相关死亡45例。多因素回归结果显示,患者年龄越大,死亡风险越高;确诊时为AIDS患者的死亡风险是HIV感染者的13.91倍;与未接受CD4检测的患者相比,接受CD4检测的患者的死亡风险降低;进行抗病毒治疗者的死亡风险是未进行抗病毒治疗者的0.22倍。【结论】确诊时年龄、病程阶段、是否接受抗病毒治疗是兰州市HIV/AIDS患者艾滋病相关死亡的影响因素,因此要加强艾滋病相关人群健康教育,提倡早发现、早诊断、早治疗,扩大艾滋病检测与治疗的覆盖面,延长艾滋病患者的生存时间。     

河南省116例首诊艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗免疫学效果评价

目的分析河南省2009年首诊为艾滋病(AIDS)后随即接受抗病毒治疗的患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的变化情况。方法收集河南省艾滋病检测实验室网络数据库登记的116例河南省2009年首诊为AIDS后当年即接受抗病毒治疗的患者资料,将其按照治疗前CD4+T淋巴细胞数分成3组(<20个/μl,20~99个/μl和100~350个/μl),使用SPSS 14.0软件对患者治疗前、治疗后约2个月及5个月的CD4+T淋巴细胞数进行统计学分析。结果首诊后接受治疗的3组患者在治疗约2个月后CD4+T细胞计数同治疗前比较都有提高[<20个/μl组:(84.93±64.33)个/μlvs(9.39±5.10)个/μl,P=0.000;20~99个/μl组:(178.71±135.34)个/μlvs(46.62±18.71)个/μl,P=0.001;100~350个/μl组:(316.81±128.81)个/μlvs(197.66±67.59)个/μl,P=0.002],但是在治疗5个月后3组患者CD4+T细胞计数同治疗2个月时比较差异均无统计学意义。治疗前CD4+T细胞基线低的组达到的治疗效果较差。结论早发现、早治疗仍应是河南省开...     

江苏省HIV感染者和艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗1年后CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果分析

目的 :了解江苏省首次接受艾滋病免费抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者治疗1年后CD4+T变化及影响因素。方法 :收集江苏省首次接受抗病毒治疗的基线和治疗随访1年时均有CD4+T细胞检测结果记录的HIV/AIDS患者资料,随访截止时间为2014年5月31日。建立Excel数据库并用SPSS16.0软件进行分析。结果:首次接受抗病毒治疗的基线和随访1年时均有CD4+T检测结果记录的HIV/AIDS共3 290例。81.4%为江苏省籍,男女比例为4.36∶1,平均年龄(39.7±12.1)岁。感染途径主要为性传播。入组时基线CD4+T细胞计数均数为185.81个/μl。治疗1年后的CD4+T细胞均数为312.20个/μl。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、基线CD4+T高、在疾控中心治疗和临床Ⅰ期的HIV/AIDS患者,其CD4+T较基线增长值≥100个/μl的比例低。结论:江苏省HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗对免疫功能恢复效果显著,应继续规范、早期开展抗病毒治疗工作。     

湖南省衡阳市2004-2009年艾滋病抗病毒治疗情况分析

目的评估和预测湖南省艾滋病抗病毒治疗状况和治疗效果。方法 2010年6月对衡阳市接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗的病人进行调查,除去因各种原因无法做调查者外,共调查到223人,均为抗病毒治疗12个月以上且仍在治疗的病人。对其进行病毒载量检测和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,并对结果进行分析。结果按患者开始治疗的年份将患者分为6组(2004-2009年治疗组),比较各组在不同CD4+T淋巴细胞水平(<200个/μl、200~350个/μl、>350个/μl)及病毒载量水平(<103拷贝/μl、103~104拷贝/μl、>104拷贝/μl)时的患者比例。结果显示:2004-2009年各组患者CD4+T淋巴细胞水平<200个/μl的人数比例分别为0、5.9%、10.0%、15.0%、29.9%和28.6%,治疗时间越长,CD4+T淋巴细胞水平<200个/μl的患者人数比例越低;但2004-2009年各治疗组患者在不同病毒滴度时人数比例的差异无统计学意义。病毒载量较低(<103拷贝/μl)的感染者中,CD4+T淋巴细胞>350个/μl人数比例较高(104,52.0%),而随着病毒载量水平的上升,CD4+T淋巴细胞<200个/μl的患者比...     

宝鸡市艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗情况分析

目的了解宝鸡市启动艾滋病抗病毒治疗以来进展情况,评估治疗效果,为我市艾滋病防治提供依据。方法收集整理2005-2010年所有接受抗病毒治疗的患者信息,分析治疗情况和效果。结果自2008年开始,宝鸡市纳入国家免费抗病毒治疗,病例数量呈逐年增长趋势,截至2010年底,累计治疗39例,死亡7例,在治29例。在治病例有82.76%在确诊HIV抗体阳性后1年内开始抗病毒治疗,截至2010年底在治病人有55.17%治疗不足1年,20.69%已治疗1～2年。随着治疗时间的推移,患者的CD4计数平均水平呈逐渐上升趋势,多数病例治疗后较治疗前CD4值升高100～199个/uL。死亡病例死因均为艾滋病相关疾病,85.71%在治疗后半年内死亡,57.14%在治疗前CD4值低于50个/uL,结核病患病率高。结论加强随访监测,早期诊断和适时进行抗病毒治疗是提高艾滋病患者存活率的重要因素。     

湖北省黄石市2000—2019年HIV/AIDS死亡病例分析

目的分析黄石市2000—2019年艾滋病毒感染者及艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)病人死亡情况及死亡相关影响因素,探讨减少死亡的方法。方法从国家“艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统”中下载相关卡片,运用Excel 2007和SPSS 21.0软件对数据库进行整理和统计分析。结果 2 361例HIV/AIDS患者累计死亡760例,累计病死率32.19%。死亡时50岁以上患者600例(占78.95%),73.15%(556/760)的患者接受过CD4+T淋巴细胞检测,其中65.11%(362/556)的患者检测值200个/μL;50.79%(386/760)的死亡病例接受过抗病毒治疗;54.61%(415/760)的死亡病例确诊后1年内死亡,多因素二项Logistic回归分析发现其他就诊者(OR=5.081,95%CI=2.776~9.302)、未接受抗病毒治疗(OR=4.716,95%CI=3.002~7.407)、最近1次CD4+T淋巴细胞值200个/μL(OR=8.550,95%CI=4.289~17.046)和未检测的患者(OR=29.392,95%CI=13.466~64.155)更容易在1年内死亡。艾滋病相关死因占比逐年下降,至2017年为39.13%。死亡时患者平均年龄从2001年的37.39岁增长到2019年的66.86岁。结论黄石市HIV/AIDS累计病死率较高,死亡时平均年龄高于全国平均水平,且呈逐年升高趋势,晚发病例更容易在确诊后1年内死亡,抗病毒治疗覆盖率不断提高,艾滋病无关死亡占比和患者生存时间不断增长。应继续开展早发现、早治疗工作,提升抗病毒治疗效果,延长患者生存时间,降低病死率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.