大鼠锥体束损伤后多唾液酸神经细胞黏附分子的表达

目的 探讨大鼠脊髓锥体束损伤后多唾液酸神经细胞黏附分子（PSA-NCAM）的表达及意义。方法 Wistar大鼠60只，实验组（30只）毁损胸髓T10左侧锥体束，对照组（30只）未损伤脊髓。应用免疫组织化学和Western blot检测5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶（BrdU）、PSA-NCAM的表达。结果免疫组织化学染色：BrdU阳性细胞数，对照组（23．4±6．3），实验组在伤后第3天（93．1±7．6），第7天（65．1±8．6），组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；PSA-NCAM阳性细胞数，对照组（2．5±1．5），实验组在伤后第3天（82．1±11．4），第7天（31．1±5．2），组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；Western blot：蛋白表达组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 锥体束损伤可激活自体室管膜细胞的增殖及迁移，后者具有一定的可塑性，参与脊髓的结构修复。     

小鼠脊髓损伤标准化重物打击模型的制备及评价

目的以小鼠作为实验动物，采用改良垂直打击脊髓（weight dropping，WD）建立脊髓损伤（spinal cord iniury，SCI）动物模型，为进一步研究SCI机制奠定基础。方法将健康雌性昆明种小鼠180只随机分为4组，每组45只，采用改良WD法应用Impactor model-Ⅱ脊髓致伤仪分别以2．0×2．5g·cm（A组）、2．5×3．0g·cm（B组）、3．0×5．0g·cm（C组）致伤力致伤脊髓；对照组（D组）仅打开椎板，暴露脊髓，不造成SCI。于打击后即刻，6、12h，1、3d，1、2、4、8周对各组小鼠行运动诱发电位（motor evoked potentials，MEP）检测，并行后肢运动功能（Basso mousescale，BMS）评分，HE染色和甲苯胺蓝染色组织学观察。结果神经电生理检查示B组于伤后6h，C组于伤后12h出现N1潜伏期延长，随着时间延长，A、B、C3组潜伏期开始缩短，A组4周趋于正常为（2．40±0．12）ms，与D组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；B组8周逐渐趋于正常为（2．96±0．15）ms，与D组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而C组8周仍维持在较高水平（3．76±0．13）ms，与D组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。SCI伤后即刻小鼠均呈现双后肢瘫痪，BMS主评分为0分；伤后前3dBMS主评分接近0分；随后各组BMS评分逐渐上升，A组伤后1周BMS主评分（5．45±0．12）分，B组伤后2周BMS主评分为（5．45±0．15）分，与D组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；伤后8周A组主评分（8．004±0．13）分，B组达（7．50±0.31）分；1周后各实验组组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其中C组低于其余各组（P〈0．01）。伤后2周A组BMS副评分为（10．12±0．76）分，伤后8周B组BMS副评分为（9．85±0．55）分，与同时间点D组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。组织学检查可见C组伤后12h，损伤节段灰质内大片出血灶，炎性细胞浸润，神经元细胞肿胀明显，并出现中央性尼氏小体溶解；随时间推移，神经元细胞数量减少，胶质细胞增生，尼氏小体消失；伤后2周，可见大量胶质细胞增生及空洞形成。B组神经元细胞减少程度及空洞形成均轻于C组，A组最轻，D组除早期可见轻度细胞水肿外，整个观察期内细胞数量无明显改变。结论该模型准确地反映了小鼠脊髓不同程度损伤后的病理生理特点及变化规律，重复性好；可采用重物打击法制作标准小鼠SCI动物模型。     

hTERT基因短发夹状RNA表达载体对肾癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的观察针对hTERT基因的短发夹状RNA（shRNA）表达载体pSilencer-hTERT对人肾癌细胞及移植瘤生长的抑制作用。方法（1）pSilencer-hTERT转染人肾癌Kerr-3细胞，1、3、5、7d后逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、蛋白印迹技术检测hTERTmRNA、蛋白表达，MTT法检测细胞增殖，原位末端标记法检测凋亡。（2）BALB／C-nu裸鼠接种Ketr-3细胞成瘤，瘤内分别注射pSilencer-hTERT（50μg）、空质粒pSilencer1．0-U6（50μg）及等体积（100μg）生理盐水，隔日1次，共7次。治疗结束后第3天处死小鼠，取瘤组织检测肿瘤体积，免疫组织化学染色检测hTERT表达。结果（1）pSilencer-hTERT转染3d后Ketr-3细胞hTERTmRNA表达（43．2±4．4）％、蛋白表达（42．6±5．6）％最低，细胞增殖抑制率（37．3±6．6）％、凋亡细胞阳性率（30．5±4．7）％最高，分别与空质粒对照组[（98．8±4．7）％、（98．0±3．7）％、（3．3±0．9）％、（10．4±2．4）％]比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（2）pSilencer-hTERT处理组小鼠肿瘤体积（62．4±36．5）mm^3减小，hTERT表达率（65．7±4．7）％降低，分别与空质粒对照组（83．2±38．7）、（90．7±4．2）％比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论pSilencer-hTERT能有效、持续抑制人肾癌Ketr-3细胞及裸鼠肾癌移植瘤生长。     

重组蛇毒纤溶因子修饰聚氨酯人工血管的犬颈动脉置换实验

目的通过动物实验评价重组蛇毒纤溶因子（recombinant fibrinolytic enzyme factor II，rF II）修饰聚氨酯（polyurethane，PU）人工血管的植入效果。方法采用浸渍．沥滤法制备口径4mmPU微孔人工血管，扫描电镜观察血管管壁微孔大小和形态，用rF II修饰人工血管内腔。取20只体重（20±1）kg的雄性杂种犬制作颈动脉2cm缺损模型，随机分为3组：rF II修饰PU组（n=8）、无rF II修饰PU组（n=6）和膨体聚四氟乙烯（expanded polytetrafluoroethlyene，ePTFE）组（n=6），植入相应人工血管以修复缺损。记录术后动物一般情况；计算术后30d和60d的血管通畅率；测量术后60d人工血管内径，并进行组织学检查和扫描电镜观察。结果制得的PU微孔人工血管内径（3．74±0．06）mm，壁厚0．4～0．6mm，密度0．25g／cm^3，孔隙率79．8％，径向动态顺应性为8．57％／100mmHg。人工血管管壁内，微孔分布均匀，呈开孔结构。外层孔径为（140±41）Ima，内层孔径为（100±3）μm，外层／内层的厚度比约2：1，内腔表面孔径为（40±16）μm。术后颈部切口愈合良好，动物均存活，无并发症发生。术后30d及60d血管通畅率：rF II修饰PU组分别为100％及66．7％，无rF II PU组为66．7％及33．3％，ePTFE组为66．7％及0，堵塞的人工血管在吻合处发现血栓。rFII修饰PU组、无rF II修饰PU组及ePTFE组植入前血管内径分别为（3．74±0．06）、（3．74±0．06）、（4．00±0．03）mm；术后60d内径分别为（4．51±0．05）、（4.31±0．24）、（4．43±0．12）mm；3组间植入前后比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。rF II修饰PU组组织学观察，植入15d有血浆蛋白在内腔表面沉积；30d后有少量细胞黏附；60d后新内膜形成。新内膜厚度随植入时间增加而变厚；植入后60 d rF II修饰PU组人工血管近端、中点及远端的新内膜厚度分别为（560±22）、（78±5）、（323±31）μm（P〈0．05）。扫描电镜观察，rF II修饰PU组新内膜表面由扁长形细胞组成，其长轴顺着血流方向排列，与正常颈动脉内腔表面形貌相似。结论rF II修饰PU血管内腔可提高纤溶活性，减少血栓栓塞的发生，有利于提高植入血管的通畅率。     

全反式维甲酸和三氧化二砷协同诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡

目的研究与三氧化二砷（As2O2）具有协同效应治疗胰腺癌的药物。方法以胰腺癌细胞系SWl990为研究对象，观察5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）、健择（Gemcitabine）和全反式维甲酸（AT—RA）与As2O3共同作用对细胞的影响。通过台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞生长和细胞活力，流式细胞仪检测AnnexinV或PI阳性细胞的含量，评价以上药物对细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。结果5-Fu和Gemcitabine与As2O3无协同效应。单独应用As2O3或ATRA均抑制SWl990细胞生长，不诱导细胞凋亡。其中，对照组活细胞密度为（8．5±0．3）×10^5个／ml，As2O3组为（4．4±0．1）×10^5个／ml，ATRA组为（6．7±0．2）×10^5个／ml。但是，As203和ATRA共同处理SWl990细胞后，细胞生长明显抑制，并诱导细胞凋亡。对照组活细胞密度为（8．5±0．3）×10^5个／ml，As2O3＋ATRA组为（3．3±0．1）×10^5个／ml；对照组细胞活力为（92，0±1．2）％，As2O3组为（90．0±1．3）％，ATRA组为（93．0±1．4）％，As2O3＋ATRA组为（65．0±2．1）％；对照组Annexin V和PI阳性细胞的含量为（6．0±1．2）％，As2O3组为（11．0±3．3）％，ATRA组为（5．0±1．4）％，As2O3＋ATRA组为（37．0±5．3）％。结论As2O3和ATRA可协同诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡，两者联合应用可能作为胰腺癌辅助治疗的另一选择。     

光选择性汽化治疗良性前列腺增生的经验

2002年至2005年采用光选择性汽化（PVP，绿激光）治疗良性前列腺增生201例。按前列腺体积分为2组，A组体积≤80ml 150例，B组体积〉80ml 51例。B组平均年龄73岁，其中美国麻醉学会分级3～4级者14例（32．6％）。结果：A组手术时间（59±26）min，B组（79±31）min（P〈0．001）。A组激光功率（189±89）kJ／m^2，B组（268±105）kJ／m^2（P〈0．001）。A组留置导尿管时间（1．7±1．3）d，B组（1．8±1．9）d（P=0．397）。A组住院时间（5．2±2．2）d，B组（5．6±2．6）d（P=0．394）。2组术中均无TUR综合征、穿孔，均未输血。术后并发症：①排尿困难〉10d：A组11例（7．3％），B组3例（5．9％）（P=0．506），抗胆碱能和非类甾醇抗风湿药疗效良好。②尿路感染（〈4周尿培养阳性）：A组10例（6．7％），B组4例（7．8％）（P=0．756）。     

腹腔镜手术治疗老年良性妇科疾病的价值

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在老年妇科良性疾病中的应用价值及安全性。方法比较2001年1月～2006年12月27例腹腔镜手术（腹腔镜组）与25例开腹手术（开腹组）的临床资料。结果腹腔镜组手术时间（20．0±7．9）min明显短于开腹组（44．0±7．2）min（t=-11．419，P：0．000）；腹腔镜组术中出血量（21．9±20．0）m1明显少于开腹组（62．6ml±29．4）（t=-5．875，P：0．000）；腹腔镜组术后病率3例明显少于开腹组12例（，：8．606，P：0．001）；腹腔镜组术后排气时间（13．9±2．9）h明显短于开腹组（23．4±4．3）h（t=-9．404，P=0．000）；腹腔镜组住院时间（7．6±0．9）d明显少于开腹组（10．2±1．2）d（t=-8．882，P=0．000）。结论重视老年患者术前合并症的治疗，术中术后加强监护，腹腔镜是老年妇科疾病手术治疗理想的术式。     

磁流体热疗对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡和周期的影响

目的探讨磁流体热疗对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠肿瘤细胞的凋亡和周期的影响。方法接种Lewis肺癌细胞悬液于C57BL／6小鼠的皮下，等肿瘤长至直径约为（0．8±0．1）cm时，随机分为4组：对照组、磁场组、磁流体组、实验组。加温治疗后48h，眼球取血，检测血中白细胞的变化，切取肿瘤标本，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率和周期的变化。结果热疗后4组血中自细胞没有明显的变化（F=0．62，P=0．613）；肿瘤细胞凋亡率实验组为（63．55±8．39）％，对照组、磁场组、磁流体组分别为（28．43±6．29）％，（32．75±5．07）％，（32．42±6．15）％，实验组肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显高于其他3组（q=11．925，P〈0．05；g=10．458。P〈0．05；g=10．570，P〈0．05）；实验组细胞周期出现明显G1／G0期阻滞为（68．13±5．73）％显著高于对照组（47．95±9．98）％（q=5．501，P〈0．05），磁场组（49．23±6．62）％（q=5．152，P〈0．05），磁流体组（52．28±9．64）％（q=4．320，P〈0．05）。结论磁流体热疗可明显提高Lewis肺癌细胞的凋亡率，抑制Lewis肺癌细胞G1期向S期的进程。     

不同性别大鼠同种肾移植慢性排斥反应的比较

目的观察比较不同性别供体的移植肾慢性排斥反应。方法以雄性Lewis大鼠作受体，以雄、雌Fisher大鼠作供体，分为两组进行同种肾移植，建立大鼠同种肾移植慢性排斥反应动物模型。移植后每4周检测受者的24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、肌酐清除率；移植后24周处死受体大鼠，对移植肾进行显微镜检、免疫组化、核糖核酸酶保护测定等检测，对比两组数据评价供体性别对移植肾的影响。结果两组比较，第20周雄性供体组的24h尿蛋白（21．14±0．98）mg／24h、肌酐清除率（0．35±0．01），雌性供体组24h尿蛋白（24．15±2．38）mg／24h、肌酐清除率（0．33±0．02），具有明显差异，雌性供体组的肾功能明显严重受损。雄性供体组移植肾仅有低度间质纤维化和轻微的血管内膜增厚，肾小球硬化百分数（19．7±4．2）％，淋巴细胞CD5’数量（14．94-3．0），雌性供体组移植肾间质纤维化和血管内膜增厚更严重，肾小球硬化百分数（23．9±3．92）％，淋巴细胞CD5’数量（17．3±1．0），雌性供体组均高于雄性供者组，有统计学意义。雄性组TGF-B（0．01434-0．0031）和IL-6（0．0018±0，0024）的mRNA表达比雌性组TGF-B（0．0092±0．0018）和IL-6（0．000644-0．00022）高。结论在大鼠同种肾移植慢性排斥动物模型上，供体的性别对移植肾的功能和组织形态具有明显的影响。     

人arresten重组蛋白对移植物动脉硬化的抑制作用

目的观察人arresten重组蛋白对移植物动脉硬化的抑制作用。方法用pRSET原核表达系统表达并纯化人arresten重组蛋白。建立腹主动脉移植大鼠模型，将受体鼠分为同系动脉移植组、异系移植对照组和异系移植实验组。自术后第3天起，皮下给予arresten重组蛋白（每日5mg／kg体重）处理。8周后取移植动脉组织标本，进行病理组织学观察与免疫组织化学染色，分析移植动脉新生内膜增生及新生内膜细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和PCNA的表达。结果异系移植组移植动脉新生内膜中α-SMA表达阳性平滑肌细胞大量增生，致动脉内膜增厚，管腔狭窄。异系移植实验组移植动脉内膜增生受到明显抑制，新生内膜面积（0．14±0．03）mm^2。及新生内膜／中膜面积比（0．807±0．073）均显著低于异系移植对照组[（0．33±0．07）mm^2，（1．794±0．089），P〈0．01]；并且异系移植实验组移植动脉新生内膜细胞PCNA标记指数（31．72±5．26）％显著低于异系移植对照组（69．53±4．38）％（P〈0．01）。结论人arresten重组蛋白能有效抑制移植物动脉硬化的发生发展，在抗移植物慢性排斥反应方面显示出良好的应用前景。     

肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者嗅鞘细胞移植后的短期随防研究及磁共振波谱评价

目的采用运动皮质及相关脑区的质子磁共振波谱检查，分析上运动神经元明显受累的肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者嗅鞘细胞移植后质子谱变化。方法2004年12月～2005年2月，收治7例肌萎缩侧索硬化症（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis，ALS）患者，男3例，女4例。年龄25～67岁。按E1 Eseorial诊断标准确诊。嗅鞘细胞移植术前及术后2周检查其神经功能状态、肌萎缩侧索硬化症功能评分、肌电图和质子磁共振波谱。分别于大脑脚、内囊膝部、内囊后肢、放射冠和中央前回测量N-乙酰天冬氨酸／肌酐和胆碱复合物／肌酐比值。结果7例患者均进入结果分析。嗅鞘细胞移植后2周2例患者功能评分明显改善（ALs功能评分ALSFRs分别由30增至33分，29分增至34分），其余5例保持稳定。7例患者N-乙酰天冬氨酸／肌酐和胆碱复合物／肌酐整体水平降低（1．624降至1．531），但2例改善的患者在其相应的解剖区域N-乙酰天冬氨酸／肌酐升高（NAA／Cr分别由1．236增至1．316，1．438增至1．560）。结论初步研究表明嗅鞘细胞移植术后2周内7例ALS患者中的2例明显改善。质子磁共振波谱是一项适用于肌萎缩侧索硬化评估的无创检查方法，但需更多病例数和长期随访进一步研究。     

Fetal olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a controlled pilot study

This study was designed to clarify whether transplantation of fetal olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) would affect the clinical course of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thirty-five patients with probable or definite ALS were enrolled from December 2004 to September 2006; 15 patients received OECs transplantation and 20 patients did not receive OECs transplantation. OECs were cultured and injected into the bilateral corona radiata involving the pyramidal tracts of the frontal lobes. The primary end point used to indicate effectiveness was the rate of change according to the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALS-FRS) total score. All patients were tested five times at baseline and monthly intervals during a four-month follow-up period using assessment of ALS-FRS. Thirty-one patients (14 in the OECs treated group and 17 in the controls) completed the four-month study; the remaining four patients were lost to follow-up. Patients' data were analyzed four months after OECs transplantation and at the end of the controlled period. There was no significant difference in the rate of progression as measured by the ALS-FRS total score during the first two months (p > 0.05). The functional deterioration, however, was significantly slower in the treated group than in the control group during the last two months (p < 0.05). The mean (+/-SD) change for the ALS-FRS total score was 0.07 +/- 4.18 for the treated group and 6.12 +/- 5.49 for the control group (p = 0.002) during the four months. Of the 14 patients in the treatment group, seven experienced neurological functional improvements, two were stable compared with their clinical status at entry, and the ALS-FRS scores in the other five decreased by a mean of 4.4. Of the 17 patients in the control group, only one patient's condition remained stable while the ALS-FRS scores in the other 16 decreased by a mean of 6.5. The result indicates OECs transplantation appears to be able to slow the rate of clinical progression of ALS in the first four months posttransplantation.     

嗅鞘细胞移植对坐骨神经切断后神经元的作用

目的研究嗅鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs)移植对周围神经切断后脊髓及神经节内神经元的保护作用。方法SD大鼠55只,随机分为3个组:空白组5只、实验组及对照组各25只。行右侧坐骨神经切断,近端断端行肌肉内包埋,实验组和对照组分别予OECs及细胞培养液,空白组暴露神经后不作任何处理。术后1、2、3、7和14d,分批处死,行组织学观察及TUNEL标记观察神经元的改变。结果空白组术后14d均无阳性变化。大鼠坐骨神经切断后,脊髓及神经节内均有神经元凋亡发生。术后1、2、3d实验组细胞存活率分别为98.4%±6.5%、97.6%±6.5%及95.2%±6.7%,对照组分别为97.8%±6.7%、97.4%±6.4%及94.3%±6.8%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);7、14d实验组细胞存活率分别为92.4%±8.9%、87.7%±9.4%,较对照组87.4%±8.6%、83.4%±8.5%高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、2d实验组及对照组脊髓前角运动神经元无细胞凋亡;3、7、14d实验组脊髓前角运动神经元凋亡指数分别为1.2±0.8、1.4±0.6及4.1±1.3,较对照组2.1±1.1、3.1±1.1、6.1±1.8低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、2、3d神经节内细胞无凋亡;7d实验组神经节内的凋亡指数2.10±0.32,较对照组4.40±0.56低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);14d实验组神经节内的凋亡指数4.3±1.80与对照组6.70±2.50比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论周围神经损伤后脊髓及神经节内神经元有神经元凋亡发生,OECs移植对神经元凋亡有保护作用。     

嗅鞘细胞经低能激光照射后移植对大鼠脊髓损伤神经功能修复的影响

目的 探讨嗅鞘细胞(OECs)经低能激光照射(LPLI)后移植对大鼠脊髓横断损伤后功能修复的影响. 方法 24只SD大鼠T<,12>脊髓完全横断伤模型建模4周后,随机分为OECs移植组、经LPLI的OECs的移植组和空白对照组(DMEM培养液),应用BBB评分法、组织学评价以及Flurogold逆行示踪评价各组脊髓损伤的修复情况. 结果三组大鼠不同移植方式以及评分时间点对移植后下肢功能BBB评分结果的影响差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000),且组间差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000).经LPLI的OECs移植组大鼠头尾侧均可见NGFRp75阳性及GFAP阳性的OECs,OECs移植组则仅可见GFAP阳性的OECs,空白对照组未见NGFRp75阳性及GFAP阳性的OECs.OECs移植组和经LPLI的OECs移植组大鼠头尾侧及瘢痕区均可见Flurogold标记的神经纤维穿行,空白对照组未见Flurogold标记的神经纤维穿行. 结论 OECs及经LPLI的OECs均可促进损伤脊髓的功能恢复,OECs经LPLI后可能更具有促进损伤脊髓功能恢复的作用.     

Low power laser irradiation alters gene expression of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Both photobiomodulation (PBM) and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation improve recovery following spinal cord injury. However, neither the combination of these two therapies nor the effect of light on OECs has been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of light on OEC activity in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OECs were purified from adult rat olfactory bulbs and exposed to 810 nm light (150 mW; 0, 0.2, or 68 J/cm(2)). After 7-21 days in vitro, cells underwent immunocytochemistry or RNA extraction and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Analysis of immunolabeling revealed a significant decrease in fibronectin expression in the cultures receiving 68 J/cm(2). Analysis of gene expression revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and collagen expression in the 0.2 J/cm(2) group in comparison to the non-irradiated and 68 J/cm(2) groups. OEC proliferation was also found to significantly increase in both light treated groups in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that low and high dosages of PBM alter OEC activity, including upregulation of a number of neurotrophic growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins known to support neurite outgrowth. Therefore, the application of PBM in conjunction with OEC transplantation warrants consideration as a potential combination therapy for spinal cord injury.     

嗅鞘细胞移植对大鼠损伤脊髓组织中BDNF表达的影响及意义

目的 观察嗅鞘细胞(OEC)移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的作用以及脊髓损伤组织中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达的变化,从神经营养因子角度探讨OEC移植修复脊髓损伤的机制.方法 分离和培养绿色荧光蛋白转基因大鼠的OEC,备移植用.取SD大鼠制备脊髓损伤模型,用随机数字表法将建模成功后的SD大鼠分为2组.实验组:建模成功后立即进行OEC移植,移植部位为脊髓损伤处及其首尾正中血管的左右两侧;对照组:用DMEM/F12培养液替代OEC悬液,操作同实验组.移植后对各组大鼠的运动功能进行评分,每周1次.采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测BDNF mRNA的表达,采用免疫组织化学法检测BDNF蛋白的表达,取正常SD大鼠BDNF mRNA和蛋白的检测水平作为正常对照.结果 移植后两组大鼠的运动功能均逐渐改善,移植后21 d时,实验组大鼠运动功能评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).移植后OEC存活良好,实验组损伤的脊髓组织周围分布有大量的呈绿色荧光的OEC.移植后21 d时,实验组BDNF mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著高于对照组和正常对照组(P<0.05),而对照组也显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05).结论 OEC移植可明显修复大鼠的脊髓损伤,其机制可能与OEC通过增强损伤脊髓组织中BDNF mRNA和蛋白的表达,改善局部微环境有关.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the expression of brain-derived neurotrophical factor (BDNF) in injury spinal cord after transplantation olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), and to investigate the mechanism of OECs repairing spinal cord injury.Methods OECs from GFP transgenic rats were separated and cultured for transplantation. Spinal cord injury rats were separated two groups by random digits table. In experimental group, OECs suspension were transplanted into injured spinal cord following spinal cord injury. In control group, DMEM was transplanted into the injured spinal cord after spinal cord injury. Motor function was evaluated per week after transplantation. The expression levels of BDNF mRNA and protein were detected by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively, and compared with those from normal SD rats.Results Motor function of two groups was improved gradually after transplantation. The motor function scores in experimental group was obviously higher than in control group at 21st day after transplantation (P<0.05). A lot of survival GFP OECs distributed around impaired myeloid tissue. At 21st day after transplantation, BDNF mRNA and protein expression in experimental group were strongest (P<0.05), and stronger in control group than in normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion The transplantation of OECs can repair the injured spinal cord by increasing the expression of BDNF mRNA and protein to improve local microenvironment.     

Erythropoietin treatment in the sixth posttransplant month as a prognostic factor for renal allograft survival

The purpose of this work was to assess the prognostic value of the need for erythropoietin (EPO) treatment at 6 months after transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 143 consecutive cadaveric kidney transplants performed between January 2000 and April 2004, functioning at 6 months postransplantation. Patients were divided into two groups: group EPO6m (n = 24) received EPO treatment in the sixth month, and a control group (n = 119) did not receive EPO. Renal function deterioration (RFD) was considered to be a sustained decrease in creatinine clearance (CrCl) greater than 20% between the sixth month postransplant and the last visit. Mean follow-up was 38 +/- 16 months. The mean ages of the donor (57 +/- 9 vs 49 +/- 12 years; P = .001) and the recipient (59 +/- 12 vs 47 +/- 17 years; P = .000) were greater in the EPO6m group. Delayed graft function (83% vs 48%; P = .001) was more frequent in the EPO6m group. At 6 months after transplantation the EPO6m group showed lower hemoglobin (11.52 +/- 1.71 vs 13.32 +/- 1.69 g/dL; P = .000), higher serum creatinine (2.31 +/- 0.72 vs 1.65 +/- 0.53 mg/dL; P = .000), lower CrCl (33.53 +/- 10.83 vs 53.6 +/- 17.58 mL/min; P = .000), and similar proteinuria. RFD was more common in the EPO6m group (38% vs 10%; P = .026), with a different pattern of evolution of CrCl (-0.098 +/- 0.176 vs +0.093 +/- 0.396 mL/min/mo, P = .000). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that treatment with EPO at 6 months was the only predictor of RFD (RR 4.46; 1.58 to 12.58; P = .005). The need for EPO at 6 months postransplant was a good predictor of later renal allograft deterioration, more sensitive than serum creatinine or proteinuria.     

Influence of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord ofadult rats

Objective: To observe the effects of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation on axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats. Methods : Twenty-four rats were divided into experimental and control groups, each group having 12 rats. The spinal cord injury was established by transecting the spinal cord at T10 level with microsurgery scissors. OECs were purified from SD rat olfactory bulb and cultured in DMEM ( Dulbecco‘s minimum essential medium) and cryopreserved (-120~C) for two weeks. OECs suspension I (1-1.4) x 105/ul ] was transplanted into transected spinal cord, while the DMEM solution was injected instead in the control group. At 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation, the rats were evaluated with climbing test and MEP ( moter evoked potentials) monitoring. The samples of spinal cord were procured and studied with histological and immunohisto chemical stainings. Results: At 6 weeks after transplantation, all of the rats in both transplanted and control groups were paraplegic, and MEPs could not be recorded. Morphologyof transplanted OECs was normal, and OECs wereinterfused with host well. Axons could regrow into gap tissue between the spinal cords. Both OECs and regrown axons were immunoreactive for MBP. No regrown axons were found in the control group. At 12 weeks after transplantation, 2 rats (2/7) had lower extremities muscle contraction, 2 rats (2/7) had hip and/or knee active movement, and MEP of 5 rats (5/7) could be recorded in the calf in the transplantation group. None of the rats (7/7) in the control group had functional improvement, and none had MEPs recorded. In the transplanted group,histological and immunohistochemical methods showed the number of transplanted OECs reduced and some regrown axons had reached the end of transected spinal cord. However, no regrown axons could be seen except scar formation in the control group. Conclusions: Cryopreserved OECs could integrated with the host and promote regrowing axons across the transected spinal cord ends.     

GDNF基因修饰的嗅鞘细胞移植联合IN-1注射修复大鼠急性脊髓损伤

目的 研究胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)基因修饰的嗅鞘细胞(OECs)移植联合轴突生长抑制蛋白抗体(IN-1)局部持续注射对大鼠急性横断性脊髓损伤(SCI)的修复作用.方法 构建载有GDNF基因的慢病毒(Lentivirus)载体并体外转染OECs,Western Blot检测GDNF的表达.用50只成年雌性SD大鼠建立胸脊髓全横断损伤模型,随机分为A(对照组)、B(IN-1微泵注射组)、C(OECs组)、D(GDNF-OECs组)和E(GDNF-OECs+IN-1组)5组各10只.应用神经丝蛋白200(NF200)单抗免疫组化、生物素化的葡聚糖胺(BDA),顺行神经追踪对SCI区神经纤维再生进行形态学观察.采用BBB评分评估大鼠后肢功能恢复情况.结果 术后共有13只大鼠死亡.术后8周可观察到Hoechst标记的OECs在体内存活并在脊髓内迁移;E组和D组可见SCI区杂乱无序的再生轴突,有连续性神经纤维通过损伤区;C组可见少量无序的再生轴突,可疑连续性神经纤维通过损伤区;B组和A组脊髓残端萎缩,未见轴突再生.A、B、C、D和E组后肢功能运动平均BBB评分分别为7.70±0.24、7.89±0.15、10.50±0.25、11.43±0.23和12.81±0.40.结论 GDNF-OECs移植联合IN-1抗体注射可有效促进损伤脊髓神经轴突的存活、再生,促进损伤脊髓的修复.     

低温保存的嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的:观察低温保存复苏后嗅鞘细胞(OECs)局部移植治疗脊髓损伤(SCI)的疗效,探讨低温保存对嗅鞘细胞活性的影响。方法:建立大鼠T10节段脊髓半切损伤模型56只,随机分为四组,每组12只:新鲜OECs移植组(A组),冻存OECs移植组(B组),D/F12培养液移植组(C组)和空白对照组(D组)。A组损失伤局部行新鲜OECs移植,B组将处于对数生长期的OECs冻存3个月,复苏后(用双苯亚甲胺标记)移植到脊髓半切模型大鼠脊髓损伤区。术后第1天、1、2、3、4、6、8及10周时进行联合行为学(CBS)综合评分,术后5周和10周时取材观察移植细胞存活及迁移情况;HE染色及嗜银染色观察脊髓组织病理及轴突情况;NGFRp75免疫组织化学染色情况。结果:术后第1天,2、10周时CBS评分,A组分别为85.78±1.07、58.80±5.00、6.52±2.37;B组分别为86.12±1.29、60.06±6.51、8.15±2.26;C组分别为86.4±1.03、66.28±7.00、30.65±5.60;D组分别为86.75±1.37、69.85±6.61、34.13±5.38。A、B两组间无明显差别(P>0.05);C组与D组间比较无差异(P>0.05);A组及B组较C组和D组在2周后各时段差别有显著意义(P<0.05)。组织学方面,HE染色和嗜银染色A、B两组在术后5周可见多量突起经近侧断端向损伤区域生长,10周时可见神经纤维跨越损伤区域,而C、D组未见有神经纤维跨越损伤区;NGFRp75免疫组化染色,无论5周还是10周,A、B两组在损伤部位均可见阳性染色区域,C、D组未见有阳性着色。术后5周时A、B两组可检测到荧光标记细胞,且可见细胞发生迁移。结论:低温保存的OECs脊髓局部移植治疗SCI与新鲜OECs移植治疗效果无差别。