Place of abdominoperineal excision in rectal cancer.

In an attempt to elucidate if and when there is a place for abdominoperineal excision in rectal cancer, we have evaluated survival, risk of local recurrence and functional results of alternative procedures. There seems to be no difference in survival rate after intended curative surgery for rectal cancer between rectal excision and sphincter-saving resection. This is also true with respect to risk of local recurrence, except in patients with poorly differentiated Dukes' C tumours, where the risk of significant distal intramural spread is increased. Functional results are satisfactory after low anterior resection with colorectal anastomosis, whereas colo-anal anastomosis is followed by less satisfactory results especially in elderly patients. In these patients rectal excision with a permanent colostomy is probably preferable.     

Total mesorectal excision with ultrasonic coagulation knife ("UltraCision") in surgery of rectal cancer

The authors report a total of 62 middle and low third rectal cancer cases operated on by total mesorectal excision by the method of Heald. The oncological basis of this procedure is the horizontal regional metastatization of rectal cancer. The total mesorectal excision facilitates, the low anterior resections and preservation of sphincter with an ultra-low colorectal, or coloanal anastomosis using the double stapling technique. In the authors' experience, the "UltraCision" cutting-coagulating device permits an atraumatic, bloodless and oncologically correct dissection. Using the double stapling technique, we succeeded in 60% of our middle- and low-third rectal cancer patients to perform a sphincter preserving low anterior resection. In 9 (28%) of the low third rectal cancer patients, preservation of the sphincter was possible with oncologically correct anterior resection and an ultra-low colo-anal anastomosis. Three anastomotic insufficiencies occurred, two of them healed on lotion-suction drainage, and one on the application of transient protective ileostomy. The literature data suggest a lower local recurrency rate after radical rectal cancer surgery, if total mesorectal excision is performed.     

Causes and management of local tumor recurrence after low resection of the rectum

The postoperative course of 64 patients resected with EEA stapler because of their midrectal cancer have been followed. 13 (20.3%) local tumor recurrence have been observed in the first 24 postoperative months. 5 patients could be rectum exstirpated at the reexploration, only colostomy was performed in 8 cases. All the inoperabel patients have died in a year, but 3 of the exstirpated ones overlived this time. A direct connection have been observed between the Dukes stadium and the differentiation of the tumor, the distance of the distal resection line from the lower end of the tumor and the probability of the local recurrence. No connection has been found between the distance of the tumor from the linea dentata and the local tumor recurrence. On the basis of the oncological observations the deep rectal resection can be performed only by tumors in stadium Dukes A and B, if the tumor is well differentiated, there are no signs for local propagation or lymph node metastases, and more then 2 cm distal distance can be kept by the resection from the lower and of the tumor. In all other cases the rectum exstirpation must be the method of choice.     

Functional outcome after resection followed by a coloanal anastomosis for cancer of the rectum

The aim of the study was to asseses the operative, functional results of total proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis (CAA). Between 1990 and 2002, 24 patients (14 males and 10 females ) with a mean age of 50,6 years were operated on for cancer of the rectum and they underwent a total proctectomy with CAA. There was one operative death. 3 patients developed non specific complications. 4 patients experienced a supra anastomosis stenosis and underwent a new straight CAA Functional outcome were evaluated by a scoring system fonction and were considered good in 87 and 84% at 1 and 2 years respectively. Low anterior resection combined with CAA provides good treatment for mid-rectal cancers and for some distal rectal cancers. It had a good functional outcome. However Both procedures and selection of patients who underwent radiotherapy must be carefully performed.     

Ileo-anal anastomosis with ileum reservoir

Ileo-anal anastomosis with an ileal pouch is a reasonable alternative for patients with ulcerative colitis and adenomatous polyposis coli. The type of the reservoir, the length of the rectal cuff and the level of the anastomosis are still topics of discussion. This operation was performed in 41 patients. A modified J-reservoir (B-reservoir) was constructed in 34 patients in an attempt to improve the function of the neorectum. Twenty patients underwent inter-sphincteric freeing of the rectum and subsequent resection without leaving a rectal cuff. Although this procedure is associated with a considerable morbidity, the ultimate result is satisfactory.     

老年结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨老年结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻的外科处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年1月收治的56例老年结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料.其中右半结肠癌并梗阻20例,左半结肠癌并梗阻32例,直肠癌并梗阻4例,肿瘤近端肠管造瘘3例;右半结肠一期切除吻合20例,左半结肠一期切除吻合25例,Hartmann手术4例,Dixon手术2例,肿瘤近端肠管造瘘2例.结果 术后出现并发症18例,包括切口感染8例,腹腔感染3例等,死亡1例,55例痊愈出院.结论 老年结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻一经确诊,应积极争取手术,重视围手术期处理,合理选择手术方式,是降低术后并发症发生率和病死率的关键.     

Pancreaticogastric anastomosis after pancreatic resection. About 40 cases

The risk of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis fistulization represents the main factor of mortality and morbidity after pancreatic resection. The pancreatogastrostomy represents a technical alternative that can be achieved easily. The purpose of our study is to report our experience of this technique and to analyse respectively 40 pancreactogastric anastomosis after 29 cephalic duodenopancreatectomies and 11 corporeocaudal pancreatectomies. The operative sequelae have been characterized by 5 cases (12.5%) of digestive hemorrhages, 3 cases (7.5%) of pancreatic fistula, 3 cases (7.5%) of intra-abdominal bleeding and a lymphorrhagia (2.5%). The operative mortality rate was about 5% (2 cases). These results are similar to the results reported in the literature by the users of this technique.     

27例左半结肠癌梗阻一期切除吻合临床体会

目的探讨一期手术切除吻合治疗梗阻性左半结肠癌。方法回顾性分析我院过去7年对27例左半结肠癌并发梗阻病人接受一期切除肿瘤肠吻合术方法和原则。结果死亡1例,吻合口瘘2例,切口感染3例,其中1例切口裂开,肺部感染1例。结论一期切除肿瘤行肠吻合术,可缩短治疗时间,避免腹壁造瘘和多次手术的创伤,在选择性病例情况下是可行的。     

Surgical management of villous and tubulovillous adenomas of the rectum]

One hundred four cases of middle and low rectal villous and tubulovillous adenomas have been operated on with transanal polypectomy (8), transanal endoscopic microsurgery--TEM (80), anterior rectum resection with double stapled straight sigmoideorectosomy (7), and deep rectum resection, bi-directional mucosectomy and hand sutured straight sigmoideoanostomy (9). The option of the authors to remove the tumours in 5 cm to the dentate line are the transanal polypectomy or transanal mucosectomy corresponding to their size. The transanal endoscopic microsurgical technic is recommended to manage the polyps smaller than 4 to 5 cm in the middle rectum. The best radicallity in removal of the circular, extended villous adenomas could be achieved with deep rectum resection, bi-directional mucosectomy and transanal straight, hand sewn sigmoideoanostomy.     

Computed tomographic scanning in rectal carcinoma

Computed tomographic (CT) scanning has been used to assess the extent of local spread in 85 patients with rectal carcinoma. In 37 patients with carcinoma of the rectum who were scanned before surgery, good correlation was found between the extent of local invasion, as assessed by scanning, and that demonstrated at operation by histological assessment. Scanning is not a reliable method for assessing regional lymph node involvement. Forty-eight patients presented with recurrent rectal carcinoma after previous rectal excision (30 patients after abdominoperineal and 18 patients after anterior resection). CT scanning was shown to be a valuable tool in establishing the diagnosis of recurrent tumour. Most of these patients have spread which precludes further curative surgery. CT may identify those patients who have a resectable recurrence, but is especially valuable in planning radiotherapy which may be used for palliation.     

直肠癌结肠造瘘术后临床护理观察

目的探讨临床护理在直肠癌造瘘术后的护理效果。方法选择我院2008年11月至2011年11月直肠癌乙状结肠造瘘50例,上述患者均给予直肠癌乙状结肠造瘘术,术后均给予相应的临床护理。结果 50例患者手术完成顺利,术后并发症经相应处理后消失,术后治疗效果显著。结论直肠癌结肠造瘘术后实施临床护理干预有助于改善患者术后生存质量和预后,护理效果显著,值得借鉴。     

完全性直肠脱垂并前突行腹膜片交叉悬吊固定及补片修复20例疗效分析

目的探讨一种有效治疗完全性直肠脱垂合并直肠前突引起便秘的方法。方法2005年9月至2009年6月,对20例完全性直肠脱垂并直肠前突患者进行了腹膜片十字交叉直肠悬吊固定加补片[聚丙烯网（polypropylenemesh）]修补,将直肠游离到肛提肌水平,和聚丙烯网片加强直肠阴道隔,网片下缘在肛提肌水平环绕直肠,在直肠前方用丝线缝合网片和直肠浆肌层;游离腹膜片十字交叉缝合固定于直肠前壁浆肌层,悬吊固定直肠前壁于骶骨岬前筋膜。缝合关闭盆底腹膜。结果20例患者手术均顺利完成,手术时间60．5min（55～65min）,出血量50ml。本组无手术死亡和腹部并发症发生。术后随访2个月至3年症状无复发。便秘症状完全缓解17例,基本缓解5例,直肠脱垂无复发。结论游离腹膜片十字交叉直肠前壁悬吊固定并补片修复直肠前壁能同时解决直肠脱垂和直肠前突两大问题,安全有效。     

超声刀联合双吻合器在开放直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

目的 探讨超声刀联合双吻合器在开放直肠癌低位前切除术中的临床应用价值.方法 40例拟行直肠癌低位前切除的患者随机分为应用超声刀联合双吻合器20例作为研究组,应用高频电刀联合单吻合器20例作为对照组.比较2组的保肛成功率,同时观察保肛成功病例2组间手术时间、术中出血量、术后第1个24h引流量、术后并发症、肠功能恢复时间及住院时间的差异.结果 研究组保肛成功19例(95％),对照组保肛成功14例(70％),2组相比P=0.037;33例保肛成功患者中,研究组手术时间(102.5±14.6m)较对照组(114.7±17.5m)明显缩短(P=0.032);研究组手术出血量(62.5±19.3)mL较对照组(91.3±26.5)mL显著减少(P=0.001);术后第1个24h引流量研究组和对照组分别为(33.6±15.0)mL、(65.7±25.9)mL(P＜0.001);术后首次排气时间分别为(2.4±0.6)d、(2.9±0.4)d(P=0.004);术后平均住院天数研究组较对照组也显著缩短(P=0.014);2组术后并发症无显著差异(P=0.674).结论 开放直肠癌低位前切除术中应用超声刀联合双吻合器是直肠癌手术向微创手术理念和快速康复外科理念发展的尝试,在开放直肠癌手术领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis: recent developments]

Reconstructive surgery for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis nowadays usually takes the form of an ileoanal pouch, involving making a reservoir of the terminal portion of the ileum which subsequently is anastomosed to the anal canal. This method results in definite cure in many cases, but is associated with a morbidity of 15-30% and fails in 10%. A new surgical treatment includes complete removal of the affected large bowel mucosa, guaranteeing oroanal intestinal continuity, limiting complications and providing good function of the reservoir or of the new rectum. In creation of an ileoneorectal anastomosis, complete removal of the affected mucous membrane is followed by preparing a functional 'neorectum' by means of pedicle grafting of ileal mucous membrane on to the uncovered muscular wall of the rectum. This operation gave good results in a small-scale clinical trial.     

超声刀联合双吻合器在开放直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

目的探讨超声刀联合双吻合器在开放直肠癌低位前切除术中的临床应用价值。方法40例拟行直肠癌低位前切除的患者随机分为应用超声刀联合双吻合器20例作为研究组,应用高频电刀联合单吻合器20例作为对照组。比较2组的保肛成功率,同时观察保肛成功病例2组间手术时间．术中出血量,术后第1个24h~]流量．术后并发症,肠功能恢复时间及住院时问的差异。结果研究组保肛成功19倒（95％）,对照组保肛成功14倒（70％）,2组相比P=o．037;33例保肛成功患者中,研究组手术时间（102．5±14．6m）较对照组（114．7±17．5m）明显缩短（P=0．032）;研究组手术出血量（62．5±19．3）mL较对照组（91．3±26．5）mL显著减少（P=O．001）;术后第1个24hql流量研究组和对照组分别为（33．6±15．O）mL,（65．7±25．9）mL（P〈O．001）;术后首次排气时间分别为（2．4±0．6）d,（2．9±0．4）P=O．004）{术后平均住院天数研究组较对照组也显著缩短（P=0．014）;2组术后并发症无显著差异（P=0．674）。结论开放直肠癌低住前切除术中应用超声刀联合双吻合器是直肠癌手术向微创手术理念和快速康复外科理念发展的尝试,在开放直肠癌手术领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

内窥式直肠息肉切除器的设计

利用管型肠吻合器可同时切割和吻合的技术原理及直肠粘膜具有较大的移动性,设计出一种切除器.它实际上是直肠镜与吻合器的一种结合物.用于直肠内任何需要局部切除的病变及占位性灶,特别是较大的直肠息肉的切除.取下钉(刀)座(仓),可用于直肠的检视及活组织检查.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection of early esophageal cancer

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is now thoroughly established as a therapeutic method for early oesophageal cancer. In adequately selected patients, EMR provides a comparable outcome to traditional surgical operations. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 5 patients with early oesophageal cancer were treated fey simple snare resection in 2004 and 2005. These selected patients had distinct backgrounds one was known to have underlying Barrett's oesophagus, two of them had oesophageal varices, one case was an incidental finding for investigating abdominal pain, one was diagnosed during cancer surveillance of partial oesophagectomy. All these lesions were biopsy proven and evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound. RESULTS: No acute complications were noticed after the procedure. Post-procedure oncological chemotherapy was given to the last four patients. Control exam was performed to all patient 1st, 3rd and every 3rd month after the procedure. Patient with recurrent cancer after partial oesophagectomy had recidive tumor. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial oesophageal cancer can be performed without major complications representing a useful alternative treatment of oesophageal cancer.     

直肠癌前切除术后局部复发的危险因素研究及其预防

目的分析直肠癌患者前切除术后局部复发的危险因素并探讨有效的预防措施。方法选择2007年10月-2010年1月湖北省肿瘤医院行直肠癌前切除术的98例患者,统计术后局部复发比例,分析复发的危险因素。结果本组98例患者的术后局部复发率为11.2%（11/98）,其发生与性别、年龄、肿瘤距肛缘距离、全系膜切除、辅助化疗、病理分型恶性程度及Duck’s分期相关（P〈0.05）。结论临床工作者应了解直肠癌前切除术后局部复发的危险因素,注意针对危险因素采取相应的预防措施,降低患者术后局部复发率,提高患者的生活质量。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术适应症选择与评价

目的 探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术适应症选择标准，评价保存肛术后临床效果。方法 根据肛门指诊、直肠腔内超声、盆腔ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、术前活检病理，９６例低位直肠癌用美国ＪＯＨＮＳＯＮ吻合器或／和闭合器行结肠直肠（肛管）吻合术。低位直肠保肛手术适应症选择标准：高中分化腺癌、隆起型、未浸透深肌层、环周度≤１／２周，无肠旁淋巴结肿大、距齿状线１ ｃｍ以上；高中分化腺癌、溃疡型≥１／２周，浸透肠壁深肌层、无盆腔淋巴结肿大、距齿状线３ ｃｍ以上；低分化腺癌、粘液腺癌未浸透深肌层，环周度≤１／２周，无肠旁淋巴结肿大，距齿状线４ ｃｍ以上，在完成全直肠系膜切除和淋巴结清扫的基础上保留肛门。结果 全组除发生１例直肠阴道瘘外无手术死亡及其它严重并发症。寿命表法计算３年生存率７８．１％，局部复发率５．２％。术后病人排便功能优者达８４．０％，１２～１８月排便次数和排便功能接近正常状态，无完全性排便失禁。结论 低位直肠高中分化腺癌隆起型，未浸透肠壁深肌层，环周度≤１／２周，无肠旁淋巴结肿大，距齿状线１ ｃｍ以上；高中分化腺癌溃疡型≥１／２周，浸透肠壁深肌层，无盆腔淋巴结肿大，距齿状线３ ｃｍ以上。低分化腺癌、粘液腺癌未浸透深肌层，环周度≤１／２周，无