1H NMR代谢组学方法对牙周炎患者唾液代谢轮廓的分析

目的:运用基于氢谱核磁共振(1H-NMR)的代谢组学方法分析牙周炎患者的唾液,寻找差异代谢物。方法:通过血常规检测选取符合条件的受试者作为实验组和对照组;收集唾液进行核磁共振检测,结合代谢图谱,利用模式识别分析得出区分健康个体和牙周炎患者贡献较大的差异性变量,将同时满足VIP>1.0和单维统计P< 0.05的代谢物确定为最终的差异代谢物。结果:基于氢谱核磁共振的代谢组学方法可以区分牙周炎患者和健康个体。最终的差异代谢物有葡萄糖、丁酮酸和亮氨酸。结论:这些差异代谢物的变化可能会对牙周炎的临床研究提供实验依据。代谢组学方法有望在早期牙周炎的诊断中成为一种新的检测手段。     

基于唾液代谢组学的口腔疾病研究新进展

唾液代谢组学是以唾液为研究对象,定性定量分析生物体内代谢物的变化以研究生物体疾病与健康的新兴学科。在口腔医学领域,采用唾液代谢组学研究发现,唾液代谢物与多种口腔疾病之间存在着联系。本文对近年来以唾液代谢组学为研究手段进行口腔疾病相关研究的进展进行综述,包括在口腔鳞状细胞癌、口腔黏膜癌前病变（口腔扁平苔藓和口腔黏膜白斑）、复发性阿弗他溃疡、原发性舍格伦综合征、早期儿童龋病、牙周炎、慢性根尖周炎、正畸后牙根吸收等方面的研究,对通过唾液代谢组学筛选出的相关差异代谢物和信号通路进行总结,通过这些差异代谢物,可以构建口腔疾病预测模型,对口腔疾病进行早期筛查、预后判断以及发病机制的研究。唾液代谢组学有望为口腔疾病的诊断提供一种无创性的方法,具有重要的临床意义。     

慢性牙周炎与爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒和人疱疹病毒6型的相关性

慢性牙周炎是一种最常见的多因素、炎症性和破坏性疾病,其发病与微生物、宿主和环境等多种因素有关,但其发病机制至今不明。研究显示,疱疹病毒与慢性牙周炎的发生发展有一定的相关性。爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）、人疱疹病毒（HHV）-6型均属疱疹病毒,本文就EBV、HHV-6以及二者间的关系,EBV和HHV-6引发慢性牙周炎的相关机制,EBV与慢性牙周炎,HHV-6与慢性牙周炎等研究进展作一综述。     

慢性牙周炎与爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒和人疱疹病毒6型的相关性

慢性牙周炎是一种最常见的多因素、炎症性和破坏性疾病,其发病与微生物、宿主和环境等多种因素有关,但其发病机制至今不明。研究显示,疱疹病毒与慢性牙周炎的发生发展有一定的相关性。爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)、人疱疹病毒(HHV)-6型均属疱疹病毒,本文就EBV、HHV-6以及二者间的关系,EBV和HHV-6引发慢性牙周炎的相关机制,EBV与慢性牙周炎,HHV-6与慢性牙周炎等研究进展作一综述。     

人巨细胞病毒与牙周炎相关性的研究进展

牙周炎是病因复杂的炎症破坏性疾病,其发病与微生物、宿主和环境等多种因素有关.牙周炎的病因及发病机制目前未完全明了.近年来,国内外学者发现人巨细胞病毒与多种类型牙周炎的发生和发展存在一定的相关性.本文就该病毒与牙周炎的相关性及在牙周炎发病中的机制进行综述.     

TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在调控牙周炎及高尿酸血症及其相互作用的研究进展

牙周炎属口腔常见病,是一种以菌斑为始动因素的感染性疾病.高尿酸血症属于慢性低度炎症性疾病,主要因嘌呤代谢紊乱所致.研究显示,牙周炎和高尿酸血症在临床表现和发病机制上有相关性,二者均可轻度升高外周血中炎症因子表达,使全身处于微炎症状态.目前,临床上对高尿酸血症合并牙周炎患者的联合治疗策略有待改进.本文基于Toll样受体4...     

老年人胃病与牙周炎发病相关性调查研究

目的　探讨老年人胃病与牙周炎在发病上的相关性。方法　对青岛、烟台市 4876位老年人胃病和牙周炎的发病情况进行流行病学调查。采取问卷调查和口腔、胃镜检查相结合的方法 ,将 4876位老年人分成胃病组和非胃病组 ,分别统计其牙周炎发病情况。结果　胃病组 36 83人 (75 .5 5 % ) ,非胃病组 1192人 (2 4.45 % ) ;两组牙周炎发病率分别为80 .75 %、44 .6 3% ,有非常明显的差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　胃病与牙周炎在发病上密切相关 ,其机理的研究尚待深入。     

老年人牙周炎与胃病发病相关性调查研究及机理探讨

目的：探讨老年人牙周炎与胃病在发病上的相关性。方法：对4876例老年人胃病和牙周炎的发病情况进行流行病学调查。采取问卷调查和口腔、胃镜检查相结合的方法，将4876例老年人分成胃病组和非胃病组，分别统计其牙周炎发病情况。结果：胃病组3683N]（75．5％），非胃病组1193例（24．5％）；两组牙周炎发病率分别为80．8％、44．6％，有非常明显的差异（P〈0．01）。结论：老年人胃病与牙周炎在发病上密切相关，其机理尚待深入研究。     

慢性牙周炎与口腔扁平苔藓相关性研究进展

慢性牙周炎是发生在牙周支持组织的慢性感染性疾病,口腔扁平苔藓是口腔黏膜最常见的慢性炎症性疾病之一。糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓更常伴随慢性牙周炎的发生,牙周局部刺激因素也可加重其症状。流行病学上二者均高发于中老年人群,且在发病机制上慢性牙周炎与口腔扁平苔藓都与免疫、遗传和微生物感染等因素密切相关。本文将对慢性牙周炎与口腔扁平苔藓的相关性作一综述。     

氧自由基与牙周炎关系研究进展

在生理情况下,氧自由基作为机体内正常代谢产物含量极少,其产生和消除处于动态平衡,一旦平衡被打乱,过多氧自由基成为致病因子,损伤机体组织引发疾病发生.该文就氧自由基来源、生物学作用,氧自由基在牙周炎发病中的作用机制以及其清除作一综述,以期探讨防止氧自由基损伤在牙周炎治疗中的应用.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病牙周炎及牙周基础治疗对其影响的现状研究

Ⅱ型糖尿病是引起慢性牙周炎的主要危险因素之一,慢性牙周炎增加了Ⅱ型糖尿病的患病风险,但至今为止糖尿病牙周炎的发病机制尚未明确。牙周基础治疗不仅可以改善牙周炎患者的牙周状况,而且在一定程度上改善了糖尿病牙周炎患者的血糖状况。随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,研究人员对糖尿病牙周炎疾病在微生物、免疫及炎症因子方面的研究不断深入,该文对糖尿病牙周炎的微生物指标,免疫、炎症因子指标,临床指标及牙周基础治疗对疾病的影响做一综述。     

Treatment of aggressive periodontitis

Despite etiological differences between aggressive and chronic periodontitis, the treatment concept for aggressive periodontitis is largely similar to that for chronic periodontitis. The goal of treatment is to create a clinical condition that is conducive to retaining as many teeth as possible for as long as possible. When a diagnosis has been made and risk factors have been identified, active treatment is commenced. The initial phase of active treatment consists of mechanical debridement, either alone or supplemented with antimicrobial drugs. Scaling and root planing has been shown to be effective in improving clinical indices, but does not always guarantee long‐term stability. Antimicrobials can play a significant role in controlling aggressive periodontitis. Few studies have been published on this subject for localized aggressive periodontitis, but generalized aggressive periodontitis has been subject to more scrutiny. Studies have demonstrated that systemic antibiotics as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing are more effective in controlling disease compared with scaling and root planing alone or with supplemental application of local antibiotics or antiseptics. It has also become apparent that antibiotics ought to be administered with, or just after, mechanical debridement. Several studies have shown that regimens of amoxicillin combined with metronidazole or regimens of clindamycin are the most effective and are preferable to regimens containing doxycycline. Azithromycin has been shown to be a valid alternative to the regimen of amoxicillin plus metronidazole. A limited number of studies have been published on surgical treatment in patients with aggressive periodontitis, but the studies available show that the effect can be comparable with the effect on patients with chronic periodontitis, provided that proper oral hygiene is maintained, a strict maintenance program is followed and modifiable risk factors are controlled. Both access surgery and regenerative techniques have shown good results in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Once good periodontal health has been obtained, patients must be enrolled in a strict maintenance program that is directed toward controlling risk factors for disease recurrence and tooth loss. The most significant risk factors are noncompliance with regular maintenance care, smoking, high gingival bleeding index and poor plaque control. There is no evidence to suggest that daily use of antiseptic agents should be part of the supportive periodontal therapy for aggressive periodontitis.     

Genetics and periodontitis

Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial disease and the susceptibility is genetically determined. In the last decade a multitude of research projects on genotyping of patients and controls in search of putative genetic risk factors has been performed. The disease (phenotype) however is also dependent on the presence of environmental and lifestyle factors, and their interaction with the various genes. Many candidate genes have been proposed and studied in relation to periodontitis. Most of the studied candidate genes code for proteins that play a role in the innate immune system. Some variants of candidate genes (gene polymorphisms) in the IL1 gene cluster and the FcgammaR genes are possibly associated with periodontitis. However till today there is no strong evidence for target genes and gene polymorphisms that play a key role in the susceptibility to and severity of periodontitis. Therefore genetic testing for periodontitis is currently not indicated.     

Precocious periodontitis: a clinical entity and a treatment responsibility.

This report has proposed that the term, periodontosis, be discarded and replaced with the term, precocious periodontitis. The literature review has shown that, although the exact causative agents are unknown, certain microbiological reactions do occur and the condition is a periodontitis. The term, precocious periodontitis, has been suggested because the disease entity differs from chronic periodontitis in some of its characteristic features and etiologic factors. Three important local etiologic factors are: (1) contact and eruption of the first molars, (2) occlusal traumatism, and (3) ineffective oral hygiene. The recent literature concerning possible hereditary characteristics, bacteriological findings, and immunological reactions has been cited. The reports presented showing successful results of therapy were selected to illustrate that this condition can have the same prognosis and response to therapy as other similarly involved cases of periodontitis as a clinical entity with a definitive treatment responsibilities.     

牙周炎与高血压关系的研究进展

高血压是与遗传和环境因素有关的最常见的一种心血管疾病。牙周炎是发生在牙齿支持组织(牙龈、牙周膜、牙槽骨)的一种破坏性疾病。研究表明:高血压与牙周炎之间相互关联,牙周炎增加高血压病的患病率,高血压亦增加牙周炎的发病风险和严重程度。但是,两者相互作用的机制尚未完全明确,炎症可能是2种疾病的中介,共同的危险因素促进2种疾病的同时发生发展。本文主要就牙周炎与高血压相关性及其相互作用机制进行综述。     

TNF-α/ NF-κB信号通路对牙周炎发展和牙周再生的影响及其干预

牙周病是以菌斑微生物为始动因子的感染性疾病,菌斑微生物可刺激宿主细胞产生炎性和免疫因子,其中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α）作为一个多向性的先导感染细胞因子,在牙周炎的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,同时也是牙周再生的重要影响因素。龈沟液中TNF-α水平的变化已经被用来作为牙周炎治疗的效果以及判断预后的重要指标,越来越多的研究开始关注以TNF-α作用过程为靶点探讨牙周炎发展控制和牙周再生促进的有效方法。本文就TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路对牙周病发展和牙周再生的影响及其干预治疗现状作一综述,以期为牙周病治疗提供新思路。     

慢性牙周炎与前列腺疾病相关性的研究进展

近年来,慢性牙周炎与前列腺疾病的相关性研究受到广泛关注,衰老、肥胖、吸烟和精神心理等是这两种疾病的共同危险因素,但关键的相关性机制目前尚未明确。该文就慢性牙周炎与前列腺疾病的相关研究及可能的生物学机制作一综述,为今后的疾病管理和临床研究提供依据。     

Determination of smoking and obesity as periodontitis risks using the classification and regression tree method

BACKGROUND: A model that focuses on personal risk factors associated with poor lifestyle has been proposed for the etiology of generalized periodontitis. Numerous investigations have linked individual lifestyle-related factors to periodontitis risk; however, a definite relationship among lifestyle-related factors remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine which lifestyle-related factors demonstrated the greater impact on periodontitis risk. METHODS: The association of lifestyle-related factors, such as smoking status and obesity, with periodontitis was assessed in 372 Japanese workers via a self-administered questionnaire. Smoking status and obesity were evaluated in terms of pack-years and body mass index (BMI), respectively. Clinical periodontal examination included probing depth (PD). The effective impact on periodontitis risk was analyzed by the classification and regression tree (CART) method and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Simple logistic regression analyses revealed that factors such as age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking status, BMI, and frequency of toothbrushing were associated with periodontitis. CART results demonstrated a significant correlation between periodontitis and pack-years, BMI, and age; in contrast, alcohol consumption, gender, and toothbrushing frequency were not correlated with periodontitis. The strongest factor for periodontitis risk was pack-years of smoking. Additionally, both pack-years and BMI exhibited clear dose-response relationships with periodontitis. These relationships were maintained despite adjustment for known confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking displays the greatest impact on periodontitis among lifestyle-related factors. Both smoking and obesity are independent risk indicators for periodontitis; moreover, these parameters exhibit a dose-response relationship with respect to periodontitis risk.     

侵袭性牙周炎的治疗研究进展

侵袭性牙周炎（aggressive periodontitis,AgP）是牙周炎的一个亚类,以牙周附着快速丧失、牙槽骨迅速吸收为主要特征,发病年龄较轻,常有全身背景,是严重危害人类健康的牙周疾病。由于其治疗结果不可预测以及治疗效果不稳定,AgP的治疗方法一直在积极的探索中。本文对近年来AgP的治疗进展作一综述。     

Role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis

This article critically reviews the evidence for a role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis and discusses the study approaches commonly used to identify genetic risk factors of this disease. Available data suggest that aggressive periodontitis is caused by mutations in multiple genes, combined with environmental effects. Syndromic periodontal diseases include certain monogenic disorders that express phenotypes showing aggressive forms of periodontitis, and the genetic triggering factors of most of these syndromes have been identified. Other periodontal disease phenotypes seem to occur through different genetic predisposition patterns. Case–control and genome‐wide studies have been used to investigate the association with gene polymorphisms. Association studies and the familial aggregation of aggressive periodontitis suggest a significant genetic component in the increased predisposition to this disease. There is evidence to support the contribution of a few major genes or of multiple small‐effects genes. In addition, there is evidence of gene–gene and gene–environment interaction effects. Early studies suggested an X‐linked mode of transmission of aggressive periodontitis, and subsequent studies support an autosomal mode. Genetic studies have the potential to improve the screening programs of subjects at risk for developing aggressive periodontitis and may enhance treatment outcome through gene therapy.