骨髓增生异常综合征8三体频率的间期荧光原痊杂交研究

目的 应用间期荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术检测骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者8号染色体三体（8三体）的发生率。方法 采用荧光素SpectrumRed直接标记8号染色体着丝粒DNA探针，对66例MDS患者（病例具有连续性）和10例正常人的骨髓细胞进行间期FISH检测，并与常规细胞遗传学（CC）结果相比较。结果 66例MDS患者中，间期FISH检测23例（34.8%)为阳性，而CC检测中只发现其中15例为阳性。结论 间基FISH在检测MDS患者8三体方面十分有用，是CC的一个重要补充。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病8号染色体三体

目的探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)中8号染色体三体(8三体)的发生率。方法对87例ALL和8例正常对照骨髓细胞进行经典的细胞遗传学(CC)及红色荧光素Spectrum Red标记的8号染色体着丝粒α卫星特异DNA探针间期荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)分析。结果87例ALL中14例FISH检测为8三体,占16．09％,5例CC检测结果为8三体(5．75％,5／87);FISH还发现8三体／四体嵌合体1例,而CC仅检测到8四体。结论FISH检测8三体的敏感性高于常规核型分析,在小克隆检测方面有其优越性。     

FISH技术在乳腺癌HER-2基因检测中的应用价值评估

目的研究荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在乳腺癌人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)基因检测中的应用价值。方法50例新发乳腺癌患者,采集乳腺癌标本,分别采用FISH技术和免疫组化(IHC)技术进行HER-2基因检测。观察IHC与FISH检测结果、FISH检测17号染色体多体发生情况。结果IHC结果为+++、++、+/0时,FISH与IHC检测结果的阳性符合率分别为87.50%、94.59%、20.00%,经一致性检验,IHC与FISH检测结果一致性较好(Kappa值=0.543,P<0.05)。IHC检测HER-2高表达(+++、++)患者中17号染色体多体发生率为17.78%,在HER-2低表达或无表达(+、0)患者中的多体发生率为20.00%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论FISH技术与IHC技术在乳腺癌HER-2基因检测中的一致性较好,17号染色体多体可能是导致IHC与FISH检测结果不一致的原因之一,FISH技术可以作为检测HER-2基因扩增的确诊手段在临床上应用。     

常规R显带和FISH技术检测慢性淋巴细胞白血病染色体异常的价值

目的 研究FISH技术检测慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)染色体异常的价值.方法 用3、12、18号标记有不同荧光素的染色体着丝粒探针,用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测25例CLL,并和常规细胞遗传学(Conventional cytogenetics,CC)检测方法即R显带法进行比较,以明确何种方法对CLL染色体异常检出更敏感可靠.结果 25例CLL患者中,常规细胞遗传学检出 3, 12, 18 5例,检出率为20%;其中: 12 3例, 3、 12 1例, 3、 12、 18 1例; FISH方法检出8例异常(32%), 3 4例; 12 6例; 18 1例.CC可检出不确定异常:t(5;15) 1例;3q-,18p 1例;4q 13q-1例; 19,-22 1例.结论 FISH方法是检测CLL患者染色体异常的有效技术,可提高染色体异常检出率,明显优于常规显带法.     

8号染色体异倍体与FAK蛋白表达在胃肠道间质瘤中的研究及意义

目的探讨8号染色体数目异常与FAK蛋白表达在胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)中的关系及其与胃肠道间质瘤预后的关系。方法应用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术检测石蜡包埋39例GIST中8号染色体的异常情况;免疫组织化学方法检测39例GIST中FAK蛋白的表达情况,结合GIST危险度分级方案进行分析。结果8号染色体发生多倍体者17例,单倍体4例,8号染色体异倍体与GIST复发和转移之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);8号染色体异倍体在高级别与低级别GIST间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FAK阳性表达率为49%,与复发和转移之间分别比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高级别GIST中FAK表达高于低级别GIST(P<0.05)。8号染色体多倍体与FAK蛋白阳性表达之间有相关性(r=0.385,P=0.016)。结论GIST中存在8号染色体的数目异常,多倍体多于单倍体,并且与GIST复发转移有关;8号染色体多倍体可能存在靶向基因FAK的位点,8号染色体异倍体与FAK蛋白表达可能是预测GIST复发转移的有用指标。     

荧光原位杂交技术及染色体核型分析在产前诊断中的应用

目的：探讨荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）及染色体核型分析技术在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法应用FISH 技术对未培养的羊水间期细胞进行13、16、18、21、X／Y 号染色体数目检测，同时对培养后的羊水中期细胞进行染色体核型分析。结果600例羊水标本 FISH 检测均得出结果，检测成功率为100％，FISH 检测出31例阳性结果，异常核型检出率为5．2％。600例羊水标本染色体核型分析中598例检测出结果，2例标本污染无法分析，检测成功率为99．7％。598例检测结果中阳性结果63例，异常核型检出率为10．5％。结论 FISH 检测羊水胎儿染色体非整倍体的方法过程简便、快速，成功率高，结论可靠。但只能检出特定染色体的非整倍体，应用有一定的局限性。与传统染色体核型分析技术相互联合、补充，可以更好地应用于产前诊断中。     

FISH应用于植入前遗传学诊断的研究

目的 运用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)对废弃胚胎固定好的单卵裂球进行检测,了解染色体数目异常,即非整倍体(anenploidy)改变在体外受精(in vitrofertilization,IVF)中的发生情况.方法 应用橘红色LSI-21探针对IVF患者正常受精D3的废弃胚胎活检后单个卵裂球进行FISH检测,统计并分析其信号结果. 结果 活检胚胎33个,2个胚胎未出现信号,获31个胚胎,共64个卵裂球杂交信号.包括年龄≥35岁患者胚胎7个,＜35岁患者胚胎24个.其中2倍体信号胚胎20个,单倍体信号胚胎3个,3倍体信号胚胎8个,21号染色体异常的胚胎为11个,其中35岁以上患者占3个,35岁以下患者占8个.结论 人IVF废弃胚胎21号染色体异常几率多.患者年龄≥35岁者尤甚.     

多发性骨髓瘤细胞遗传学研究

目的探讨传统的细胞遗传学检测方法与荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在多发性骨髓瘤(MM染色体异常检测中的应用价值。方法应用RHG显带技术对MM患者的骨髓标本进行染色体核型分析,观察MM患者细胞遗传学异常的检测率;应用一组探针(P53、RB1、D13S319、IGH、1q21)和FISH技术检测MM患者的染色体异常,观察异常检出率。结果对108例患者采用常规法检出20例染色体异常(18.5%),应用FISH技术检测出51例异常(47.2%),其中P53阳性6例(5.6%),RB1阳性的34例(31.5%),D13S319阳性的32例(29.6%),IGH阳性的22例(20.4%),1q21阳性的36例(33.3%),复杂核型的35例(32.4%)。结论 FISH在分析MM染色体异常方面是一种较为快速、准确和敏感的方法。     

荧光原位杂交技术检测急性淋巴细胞白血病异常17、18、21染色体

利用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)及染色体G分带技术检测了38例初治急性淋巴细胞白血病及10例非肿瘤患者(对照组)的17、18和21号染色体,结果表明,大部分ALL患者存在异常三倍17、18和21号染色体,并发现FISH技术较染色体分带技术更为灵敏可靠。这些异常多倍染色体的存在同ALL患者外周血白细胞数、骨髓中原幼淋巴细胞数及免疫表型无直接关系。     

乳腺癌组织拓扑异构酶Ⅱα基因检测方法对比研究

目的对比研究免疫组织化学(IHC)法检测乳腺癌组织拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(TOP2A)蛋白表达水平和荧光原位杂交(FISH)法检测TOP2A基因状态,并探讨FISH法和显色原位杂交(CISH)法检测TOP2A基因状态的临床意义。方法用IHC法和FISH法分别检测96例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织TOP2A蛋白水平和TOP2A基因扩增状态(已有CISH结果),并进行比对分析。结果本组96例乳腺癌组织TOP2A蛋白阳性表达52例(54%),阴性表达44例(46%);TOP2A基因扩增15例(16%),无扩增81例(84%),2种方法检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。17号染色体多体在TOP2A蛋白(+)和(-)2组中的发生率分别为46%和27%,2组多体发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);17号染色体在本组96例乳腺癌中总发生率为38%。FISH法与CISH法检测TOP2A基因结果的一致性尚可(Kappa=0.66,P<0.05)。结论以FISH法检测TOP2A基因状态,用于指导临床选择蒽环类药物的辅助化疗方案,可能更有助于提高乳腺癌的治疗疗效;CISH法能否替代FISH法用于临床检测TOP2A基因状态尚需大样本量进一步验证。     

骨髓增生异常综合征异常克隆分布及与外周血细胞变化的关系

目的探讨不同染色体异常的骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者异常克隆在骨髓各细胞系列中的分布及其与外周血细胞变化的关系。方法对del（20q）,8号染色体三体和含有5q-复杂核型的MDS患者和核型正常者的骨髓涂片进行Wright-Giemsa染色,并行荧光原位杂交检测,统计其红系、粒系、淋巴系细胞的荧光信号后与临床指标相比较。结果异常克隆在MDS患者红系中的比例分别为92.4%、56.4%、57.6%、63.2%、60.2%;粒系中的比例分别为71.2%、68.1%、72.4%、44.4%和49.3%,均高于对照组;异常克隆在淋巴系中的比例除在病例2三体8的患者中高于对照组,其余均低于对照组。异常克隆分布在红系和粒系的患者,外周血细胞水平可表现为正常或降低（Hb48～132g/L,ANC0.38×109/L～2.60×109/L）。病例2三体8的患者外周血淋巴细胞比例较高。结论 MDS异常克隆主要分布于骨髓粒系和红系细胞,个别患者分布于淋巴细胞。异常克隆在骨髓细胞系列中的分布与外周血细胞变化无明显相关性。     

Hidden chromosome 8 abnormalities detected by FISH in adult primary myelodysplastic syndromes

Acquired clonal chromosomal abnormalities are found in about 30-50% of primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). These abnormalities are predominantly characterized by total/partial chromosomal losses or gains and rarely by balanced structural aberrations. Trisomy 8 represents the most common chromosomal gain. In the present study, the numerical aberration of chromosome 8 was evaluated by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in MDS, and the results compared with those of conventional cytogenetics. Thirty adult patients with primary MDS, 17 with a normal karyotype and 13 with several chromosomal abnormalities except chromosome 8, were included in this study. On comparing the results of FISH and conventional cytogenetics, a superiority of FISH over the karyotype was detected in 3 cases. In one of them, further cytogenetic analysis confirmed the FISH results. Nevertheless, the FISH technique has limitations, detecting only abnormalities specific for the target FISH probe used In clinical practice, conventional cytogenetics continues to be the basic technique for MDS patient evaluation. However, a large number of metaphases, even those of poor quality, must be analyzed in each case. The FISH technique could be considered to be complementary to achieve a more accurate analysis.     

Cytogenetic findings in adult greek myelodysplastic syndrome patients: predominance of single trisomy 8

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells which is characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoiesis. The pathogenesis of MDS is not well defined and it appears that multiple genetic changes are involved. Several studies have shown that certain chromosomal abnormalities may be influenced by environmental factors, while differences in the incidence of certain aberrations in different areas have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the type of chromosomal changes in Greek primary MDS patients. Single chromosomal abnormalities were focused on as possibly being primary changes implicated in the initiation of the neoplastic process. Using conventional cytogenetics, 239 MDS patients were studied and 63 cases were found with an abnormal karyotype (26.36%). Among the cytogenetically abnormal cases, 46 patients presented single chromosomal abnormalities (73.1%). These aberrations were according to frequency +8 (28.57), del(5q), -7/del(7q) and +14 (6.35 each), i(17q) and del(11(q13) (4.76 each), +11, -Y, i(1q), del(8q), del(18p) and t(X;11) (1.59% each). In conclusion, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in Greek MDS patients was lower than that reported in the literature. The most common single anomaly was trisomy 8, while a relatively high incidence of an isolated +14 was also observed. Notably, this is the first time an isolated i(1q) has been described in the literature.     

应用荧光原位杂交技术对性染色体异常进行诊断

目的　评价荧光原位杂交技术 (FISH)在染色体异常核型分析中的应用价值。方法　应用 X着丝粒探针、Y染色体区域特异性探针 (PY3.4)对 8例外生殖器及第二性征发育不全、原 (继 )发闭经、无精子等病因前来就诊的患者及 2例正常男、女外周血进行 G显带分析及荧光原位杂交 ,杂交后用 Olympus BX6 0荧光显微镜观察玻片并照相。结果　 FISH结果与原 G显带核型一致 ,8例患者中 1例核型为 45 ,X0 ;1例为 46 ,XX/ 45 ,X0 ;1例为 45 ,X0 / 47,XXX;1例为 46 ,Xi(Xq) ;1例为 45 ,X0 / 46 ,Xi(Xq) ,诊断为先天性卵巢发育不全 ;2例核型为 47,XXY,诊断为先天性睾丸发育不全 ;1例生殖器为男性的患者核型为 46 ,XX,诊断为性反转。结论　 FISH技术可用于染色体异常的分析 ,能分析一些显带技术不易分辨的异常。由于 FISH技术在间期细胞中显示杂交信号 ,在极短的时间内可检测大量细胞 ,对于一些中期分裂相有限、分散不好的染色体以及那些不易发现的嵌合体等方面 ,有重要的应用价值。     

荧光原位杂交技术在绒膜绒毛间期细胞诊断中的应用

目的　探讨荧光原位杂交 (FISH)技术在绒毛间期细胞染色体分析中的应用价值。方法　应用地高辛标记的探针 p Y3.4以及生物素标记的探针 2 1q2 2 .3,对 10例流产绒毛进行荧光原位杂交 ,以绒毛染色体直接制备分析验证杂交结果。结果　 FISH杂交结果与绒毛染色体分析结果一致 ,诊断率达 95 %以上。结论　 FISH技术是一种非常有效的可用于产前诊断间期细胞染色体分析的手段     

慢性髓细胞白血病急变期细胞遗传学及分子遗传学研究

目的 研究慢性髓细胞白血病急变期（CML-BC）细胞遗传学及分子遗传学改变。方法 随机选取25例CML-BC病例,进行常规细胞遗传学分析,并同时以双色双融合荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术检测其染色体标本。对于FISH技术检测到的间期细胞中只有单个融合信号的标本,则观察其中期细胞,以明确是否为衍生9号染色体[der（9）]缺失。结果 在随机选取的25例CML-BC病例中有5例以检测存在der（9）缺失,而R显带在25例中均未发现der（9）的缺失。der（9）缺失的病例未显示出细胞遗传学上的不稳定趋势。CML-BC中具有新遗传学异常的病例其CML-BC较短。CML-BC急淋变与急非淋变病例中der（9）缺失概率无差异。结论 FISH技术可有效检测der（9）缺失。der（9）缺失与CML-BC中细胞遗传学上不稳定性无相关性,同时不导致CML向某一特定类型转化。     

Gain of an isochromosome 5p: a rare recurrent abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia

Chromosomal abnormalities characterize the biological behavior of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also facilitating the identification of genes responsible for its development and/or progression. Isochromosome 5p, i(5p), represents a rare chromosomal abnormality described, to date, in only a few AML cases. In almost all the cases reported, the i(5p) was accompanied by other abnormalities. Here, a new case of AML, evolved from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a clonal trisomy 8, is reported. The case presented the following karyotype: 46, XY[15]/47, XY, +8[4]/47,XY, +1(5) (p10)[3]/ 48,XY,+i(5)(p10)+8[3]. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AML to present a clone with an isolated i(5p). The cytogenetic findings supported the hypothesis that i(5p) may represent a primary abnormality, which characterizes a small subset of AML cases.     

Detection of chromosome-specific aneusomy and translocation by benzene metabolites in human lymphocytes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes for chromosomes 5, 7, 8, and 21

Benzene is a widespread human carcinogen, inducing leukemia and hematotoxicity. Exposure of human lymphocytes to benzene metabolites has been shown to cause genetic damage, including aneusomy and chromosome aberrations. In order to detect the specific chromosomal changes in chromosomes 5, 7, 8, and 21 induced by benzene metabolites, 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT), hydroquinone (HQ), and trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure in the metaphase spread of human lymphocytes was employed. Treatment with BT, HQ and tt-MA resulted in the induction of monosomy 5, 7, 8, and 21 in human lymphocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. All of these metabolites also induced trisomy 5, 7, 8, and 21, but no correlation between frequencies of trisomy and concentration was found. Translocations between chromosome 8 and another unidentified chromosome [t(8:?)] and between chromosome 21 and another unidentified chromosome [t(21:?)] were found. However, translocation between chromosome 8 and 21 [t(8:2 1)] was not found. Results indicate that the benzene metabolites BT, HQ and t,t-MA induce chromosome-specific numerical and structural aberrations, and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach may be a useful and powerful technique for detection of aneuploidy.     

Analysis of leukemia-specific aneuploidies in cultured myeloid progenitor cells in the absence and presence of formaldehyde exposure

A recently published human study suggested that exposure to formaldehyde (FA) at the workplace might induce leukemia-specific aneuploidies (monosomy 7 and trisomy 8) in cultured myeloid progenitor cells. Despite its preliminary character, this study was considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to be a potential mechanistic explanation for the induction of leukemia by FA. To further evaluate the reliability of these findings, chromosome preparations from cultured myeloid progenitor cells (obtained from blood samples of five healthy subjects) were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for spontaneously occurring numerical aberrations after cultivation for 9 days. FISH analysis with probes for chromosomes 6, 7, and 8 revealed that the baseline frequency of aneuploid metaphases is similar and rather low for all three chromosomes tested. More monosomies than trisomies were measured. We also exposed myeloid progenitor cells during the whole cultivation period to FA and determined the frequency of aneuploidies after 9 days of cultivation. The results clearly indicate that FA did not induce aneuploidy under these experimental conditions. In contrast, aneuploidy was induced under these conditions by the known aneugen vincristine. Myeloid progenitor cells from healthy subjects were not particularly sensitive toward the cytotoxic action of FA. Colony forming ability in the presence of FA was not reduced to a higher degree than in cultured cell lines (A549; V79). Our results do not support the assumption of a specific effect of FA on myeloid progenitor cells as a potential mechanism for the induction of leukemia.