不同炮制方法对透骨香抗炎镇痛作用及水杨酸甲酯苷含量的影响

目的 探讨不同炮制方法对透骨香抗炎、镇痛作用及水杨酸甲酯苷含量的影响.方法 分别采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎症肿胀法、热板法比较生品及各炮制品的抗炎、镇痛作用;采用双波长分光光度法测定透骨香生品、盐制品、醋制品、酒制品中水杨酸甲酯苷的含量.结果 透骨香各给药组均能显著降低小鼠耳廓肿胀度,提高肿胀抑制率(P＜0.05),其作用强弱顺序为:醋制组＞清炒组＞盐制组＞生品组＞酒制组.生品组、醋制组、清炒组、酒制组均有镇痛作用(P＜0.05),生品组作用较强,清炒组在药后1h作用最强.炮制品中水杨酸甲酯苷的含量与生品比较均降低,其中酒制含量较高,盐制含量最低.结论 不同炮制方法对透骨香抗炎、镇痛作用及水杨酸甲酯苷含量有显著影响,透骨香用于镇痛抗炎宜采用清炒炮制方法.     

雪胆炮制前后的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的通过比较雪胆生品、甘草制雪胆两者的抗炎镇痛的作用,探讨甘草汁炮制雪胆对雪胆的抗炎镇痛作用的影响。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,蛋清致大鼠足趾肿胀两种急性炎症模型,研究雪胆生品和甘草制雪胆的抗炎作用。采用热板法和醋酸扭体法致痛,研究雪胆生品和甘草制雪胆的镇痛作用。结果与空白组比较,雪胆生品和炮制品的高、低剂量组均显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀(P0.01),对鸡蛋清所引起的大鼠足肿胀度在1~4 h内均有明显的抑制(P0.05或P0.01)。与模型组相比,雪胆生品和炮制品高、低剂量组均明显提高小鼠的痛阈(P0.05或P0.01),明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数(P0.05或P0.01)。雪胆生品高低剂量组与同剂量的炮制品相比,高剂量组各项指标差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),低剂量组各项指标差异不同,但治疗结果均显示雪胆炮制品效果更好。结论雪胆具有抗炎镇痛作用,且经甘草汁炮制后作用显著增强。     

斑蝥5种炮制方法对其指标成分含量的影响

目的研究斑蝥不同炮制方法(生品、麸炒、米炒、烘制、碱制)与有效成分斑蝥素含量的相关性,为阐明炮制品的不同功效和炮制机理奠定基础。方法采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定。结果不同斑蝥炮制品之间斑蝥素含量差异较大,斑蝥素含量为:烘制生品米炒麸炒碱制;斑蝥酸钠含量:生品碱制烘制米炒麸炒。结论不同炮制方法对斑蝥中有效成分斑蝥素和斑蝥酸钠有一定影响。     

不同炮制法对广西五月艾总黄酮含量及镇痛作用的影响

目的:探讨不同炮制方法对广西五月艾总黄酮含量及镇痛作用的影响.方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮含量;采用热板法、扭体法观察不同五月艾炮制品对小鼠的镇痛作用.结果:不同炮制品中广西五月艾总黄酮含量大小为酒炙品＞醋炙品＞生品.醋炙品中总黄酮含量较生品提高6.60％,酒炙品则提高7.46％;扭体法中,醋炙组镇痛率较生品提高27.11％,酒炙组则提高29.11％;热板法中,广西五月艾醋炙品和酒炙品较生品对热板致痛能大幅提高止痛作用.结论:广西五月艾生品、醋炙品、酒炙品对冰乙酸所致的小鼠扭体反应有明显的抑制作用,均能提高对小鼠不同时段热板致痛的痛阈.     

甘草汁蒸制前后高乌头石油醚部位抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的通过比较甘草汁蒸制前后高乌头石油醚部位抗炎镇痛的作用,探讨甘草汁炮制对高乌头石油醚部位抗炎镇痛作用的影响。方法用热板和醋酸扭体实验评价高乌头炮制前后石油醚部分的镇痛作用;用二甲苯致鼠耳肿胀实验评价其抗炎作用。结果给药30min后,生品石油醚高剂量组与制品石油醚低剂量组;给药60min后,生品石油醚高剂量组,均能提高小鼠热板痛阈值(P00.1,P0.05),制品各组与相应生品各组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。注射冰醋酸15min内,高乌头生品、制品石油醚部分高低剂量组均能显著抑制醋酸引起的疼痛反应,减少小鼠扭体次数(P0.01);30min内高乌头制品石油醚部分高低剂量组亦能明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数(P0.01)。在二甲苯致鼠耳肿胀实验中,高乌头生品和制品石油醚高低剂量组,与空白对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.01),说明高乌头石油醚部位炮制前后对二甲苯所引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀均有一定的抑制作用。制品高剂量组与生品高剂量相比,抗炎作用差异有统计学意义(P0.01),且呈量效关系,说明制高乌头石油醚萃取部分有很强的抗炎作用。结论甘草汁蒸制前后高乌头石油醚部位均具有较强的镇痛抗炎活性,且其抗炎作用经炮制后作用显著增强。     

三棱不同炮制品镇痛作用研究

采用小鼠扭体法、热板法对三棱不同炮制品进行镇痛作用比较研究。结果表明:三棱生品及炮制品都有一定程度的镇痛作用,其中以醋炙三棱镇痛作用强而持久。     

白芍不同炮制品对原发性痛经药效的比较研究

目的考察樟帮炮制与药典炮制白芍饮片对原发性痛经解痉、镇痛、活血作用的差异。方法采用热板法、醋酸扭体法评价镇痛作用;测量凝血时间及出血时间考察对血液系统的影响;造大鼠痛经模型,记录炮制品拮抗缩宫素对子宫平滑肌兴奋作用。结果不同白芍炮制品均有镇痛,延长凝血、出血时间,抑制缩宫素诱导子宫平滑肌收缩作用,与药典白芍炮制品比较,樟帮白芍炮制品对上述改善作用明显。结论白芍樟帮炮制品的解痉、镇痛、活血作用优于药典炮制品。     

不同炮制法白芍制品的芍药苷含量检测对比及其镇痛效果研究

目的:研究不同炮制法制备白芍制品的芍药苷含量及其镇痛效果对比。方法:采用高效液相法分别检测白芍的炒制品、醋制品、酒制品、麸炒制品以及生白芍的芍药苷含量;以小鼠扭动实验评估上述炮制法白芍的镇痛效果。结果:生白芍的芍药苷含量最高,且与各炮制品的芍药苷含量均具有差异性(P0.05)。各白芍泡制组扭体次数均少于空白对照组(P0.05);酒制组、醋制组间、炒制组间无差异(P0.05);酒制组、醋制组间扭体次数少于生白芍组(P0.05)。结论:白芍不同泡制法制品的芍药苷含量不同,其镇痛作用也具有差异性,但镇痛作用与芍药苷的含量无相关性,因此临床应用中应根据临床治疗的需要选择不同的白芍炮制品。     

新疆赤芍及不同炮制品中的芍药苷含量及镇痛作用的比较

目的对比新疆赤芍及不同炮制品中的芍药苷含量和镇痛作用。方法采用HPLC法测定新疆赤芍及不同炮制品中芍药苷的含量,采用小鼠扭体法评估各药物的镇痛作用。结果新疆赤芍生品和炮制品的芍药苷含量有差别,其中酒赤芍的含量最低,醋赤芍的含量最高。镇痛试验表明,生品及炮制品都具有镇痛作用,而在炮制品的比较中,只有酒赤芍相对生品具有镇痛差异。结论芍药苷的含量和镇痛作用没有必然的联系。     

胶艾汤中阿胶炮制对其止血作用影响的研究

目的:优选胶艾汤中阿胶的最佳炮制方法。方法:以小鼠出血时间与凝血时间为指标,比较生品、蛤粉炒、蒲黄炒、蒲黄烘、烘法、微波法、真空法所得炮制品的止血作用差异。结果:阿胶6种炮制品均有明显的止血作用,与空白组比较P<0.05或0.01,其强弱顺序是:蛤粉炒、真空法>蒲黄烘、微波法>烘阿胶、蒲黄炒,生阿胶作用最差,真空法与蛤粉炒阿胶的止血作用与宫血宁相当,无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:阿胶最佳炮制方法是蛤粉炒,其出血时间与凝血时间最短。     

作用于微管的天然产物

微管在有丝分裂中扮演着重要的角色,微管靶点药物是抗肿瘤药物的重要组成部分。很多天然产物能作用于微管的不同部位,其中包括紫杉醇类和长春花碱类。根据这些天然产物对微管蛋白聚合所起的促进作用或抑制作用,将其划分成两类,着重讨论它们的来源、作用机制和生物活性。     

Oxidation products of zeylanidine

The oxidation of zeylanidine (1) afforded two new sesquiterpene dilactones, 4 and 5, besides two known compounds, neoliacine (2) and zeylanidinone (3). The structures of the novel oxidized products were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, and the structure of compound 5 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The mechanism for the oxidation of 1 to 4 and 5 has been postulated.     

Plant-derived products as antimutagens

Higher plants synthesize a myriad of structurally varied biologically active secondary metabolites. These compounds have been subjected to wide experimental scrutiny for various therapeutic potentials. In this review, the promise of these secondary phytochemicals as natural antimutagens has been focused upon. The compounds belonging to various chemical classes which have until now, been isolated and characterized with potential antimutagenicity are described. Besides making an extensive survey of structurally well characterized antimutagenic agents of the plant kingdom, antimutagenicity screening results of extracts of edible plants such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, oil-seeds and other health and tonic herbs reported up to date are reviewed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Natural products as molecular messengers

The chemistry of naturally occurring compounds has long been pursued in the search for medicines, dyes, pesticides, flavors, and fragrances. In addition, the deeper aim of understanding life itself as a chemical phenomenon has motivated generations of scientists. One consequence of such studies has been the realization that natural products often serve central roles as biological signaling agents. We consider natural products from the viewpoint of the organisms that produce and/or respond to them and suggest how a naturally occurring compound may acquire its role in chemical communication.     

Natural products from endophytic microorganisms

Endophytic microorganisms are to be found in virtually every plant on earth. These organisms reside in the living tissues of the host plant and do so in a variety of relationships ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic. Endophytes may contribute to their host plant by producing a plethora of substances that provide protection and ultimately survival value to the plant. Ultimately, these compounds, once isolated and characterized, may also have potential for use in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry. Novel antibiotics, antimycotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer compounds are only a few examples of what has been found after the isolation and culturing of individual endophytes followed by purification and characterization of some of their natural products. The prospects of finding new drugs that may be effective candidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans, plants, and animals are great. Other applications in industry and agriculture may also be discovered among the novel products produced by endophytic microbes.     

Countercurrent separation of natural products

An assessment of the technology and method development in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CS), is provided. More than six decades of CS theory and applications are critically reviewed and developed into a practical guide to CS for natural products research. The necessary theoretical foundation is given for better use of CS in the separation of biological molecules of any size, small to large, and from any matrix, simple to complex. The three operational fundamentals of CS--instrumentation, biphasic solvent systems, and theory--are covered in a prismatic fashion. The goal of this review is to provide the necessary background and references for an up-to-date perspective of CS and to point out its potential for the natural products scientist for applications in natural products chemistry, metabolome, and proteome research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.     

Fungal biotransformation products of dehydroabietic acid

Dehydroabietic acid (DHA) (1) is one of the main compounds in Scots pine wood responsible for aquatic and microbial toxicity. The degradation of 1 by Trametes versicolor and Phlebiopsis gigantea in liquid stationary cultures was followed by HPLC-DAD-ELSD. Both fungi rapidly degraded DHA relative to a control. More breakdown products were observed for T. versicolor than for P. gigantea. After 13 days, four compounds were identified by means of spectroscopic methods in P. gigantea cultures: 1beta-hydroxy-DHA (2), 1beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-DHA (3), 1beta,16-dihydroxy-DHA (5), and tentatively 1beta-hydroxy-7-oxo-DHA (4). In T. versicolor cultures, 1beta,16-dihydroxy-DHA (5), 7beta,16-dihydroxy-DHA (6), 1beta,7beta,16-trihydroxy-DHA (7), 1beta,16-dihydroxy-7-oxo-DHA (8), 1beta,15-dihydroxy-DHA (9), and 1beta,7alpha,16-trihydroxy-DHA (10) were identified after 9 days of incubation. Thus the biotransformation of 1 by the two fungi was different, with only 5 being produced by both strains. Compounds 3, 7, 8, and 10 are reported for the first time as natural products.     

Antimutagenic agents from natural products.

Certain secondary metabolites found in terrestrial and marine plants and organisms have evinced the capability for inhibiting the mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium of a number of mutagens. These include 2-aminoanthracene (2AN), ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), and benzo-[a]pyrene(B[alpha]P). The sensitivity of the antimutagenicity assay is such that crude extracts can be evaluated and purification of extracts readily followed. Major classes of antimutagenic compounds that have been isolated include flavonoids, coumarins, and cymopols.     

半夏的炮制品及临床疗效

目的：探求半夏的炮制品的功效。方法：半夏的各种炮制方法。结论：半夏各种炮制品功效的不同。     

Biosynthesis of unusual aminocyclitol-containing natural products

The aminocyclitol family of natural products is a class of sugar-derived microbial secondary metabolites that demonstrate significant biological activities. Within this class of natural products are the C7N-aminocyclitol-containing compounds, which were originally associated with potent sugar-hydrolase inhibition. However, recent discoveries indicate a broader array of chemical structures and biological activities of this class of compounds. Using both conventional feeding experiments and contemporary molecular genetic approaches, some progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis of this class of natural products. Results of in silico investigation also suggest a wide distribution of this class of natural products or closely related compounds across different classes of microorganisms, including cyanobacteria and fungi. This review describes our recent progress in the biosynthetic studies of a number of C7N-aminocyclitol-containing compounds and the potential use of bioinformatic approaches to search for novel aminocyclitol-containing natural products.