影响肾移植患者生存质量的因素调查

目的分析影响移植后生存质量的因素。方法使用SF36量表与肾脏病相关的生存质量(KDTA)组合起来的一般/特殊性量表KDQOLSFTM评价尿毒症患者肾移植前及肾移植后6个月的生存质量。结果肾移植术后6个月,患者的SF36量表的8个维度(包括体能、体力所致工作和生活受限、疼痛、总体健康状况、精力状况、社会功能、情感问题对工作生活的影响及情感状况)和KDTA的8个方面(包括症状与不适、肾病对日常生活的影响、肾病给生活带来的负担、工作状况、性功能、睡眠、社会支持及患者满意度)的评分较移植前有明显提高,经济水平、合并症、住院事件、年龄、肌酐水平是肾移植患者生存质量的独立影响因素。结论肾移植能改善尿毒症患者的生存质量;影响肾移植患者生存质量的因素是多方面的。     

Effect of kidney transplantation on quality of life measures

Assessing the quality of life should be an essential part of the long-term results of surgery, particularly for those procedures that may influence a patient's lifestyle and body image. Eliminating the need for dependence on chronic hemodialysis, kidney transplantation improves the patient's autonomy but exposes them to the side-effects of immunosuppression and the constant threat of rejection. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplantation to that of those already transplanted at our Center to quantify carefully the impact of this therapy on the patient's physical, emotional, and social well-being. Computer analysis of the data collected from self-administered questionnaires revealed that the vast majority of successfully transplanted patients experience a significant improvement in almost all the areas investigated compared with the pretransplant group. In addition, we tried to use the questionnaire to predict which type of patient will adjust more fully to the impact of a kidney transplantation and which will probably need posttransplant psychological care and social support. Aside from clinical factors such as the time spent on hemodialysis before transplantation, the gender, the age, as well as the source of the organ (living vs. cadaver donor) seem to play a role in the final outcome of a successful kidney transplantation.     

Effects of hepatitis C virus infection and its recurrence after liver transplantation on functional performance and health-related quality of life

Our aim was to examine the effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a leading cause of end-stage liver disease, and its recurrence after liver transplantation on functional performance and health-related quality of life. Functional performance, liver function, and HCV recurrence were assessed longitudinally in 75 adult transplant recipients (28 with HCV). Quality of life was reported once after transplantation. Functional performance improved through year 2 (P < 0.001) and then declined in those with HCV, whereas the others remained stable (P = 0.05). Time had a positive effect (β = 0.22, P = 0.05) and HCV infection had a negative effect (β = —0.28, P = 0.01) on post-transplant functional performance. Educational level (β = 0.24, P < 0.05) and recent functional performance (β = 0.31, P = 0.01) had positive effects on quality of life. HCV recurrence was associated with relatively poorer pretransplant functional performance, a greater rate of improvement through month 3 (P < 0.05), and abnormal transaminase values between years 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). Rehospitalization for recurrent HCV was associated with reduced functional performance (P < 0.05). Functional performance improves with time following liver transplantation, but HCV infection exerts an opposing and comparably strong effect. Post-transplant functional performance, in turn, directly affects post-transplant quality of life. Severe, recurrent HCV illness is associated with reduced functional performance. Presented in part at the 2001 Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Congress, Miami Beach, Fla. February 22–25, 2001. Supported by a grant from Roche Laboratories, Inc.     

Impact of a history of diabetes mellitus on quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting

Aim: To describe the improvement in various aspects of quality of life (QoL) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in relation to a previous history of diabetes mellitus. Patients: All patients from western Sweden who underwent CABG between 1988 and 1991 without simultaneous valve surgery. Methods: Patients were approached with three questionnaires: The Physical Activity Score, the Nottingham Health Profile and the Psychological General Well-being Index prior to surgery and 3 months, 1 and 2 years thereafter. Results: All three questionnaires already showed a significant improvement in QoL after 3 months, remaining at a similar level 1 and 2 years after the operation. In terms of Physical Activity Score improvement was of similar magnitude in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In terms of the Psychological General Well-Being Index significant and similar improvements were found in diabetic and non-diabetic patients at each evaluation. In terms of the Nottingham Health Profile there was a significant improvement both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients 3 months, 1 and 2 years after the operation. However, improvement was more marked in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients at each evaluation. Conclusion: For 3 months, 1 and 2 years after CABG various aspects of QoL as estimated with three different instruments, improved significantly both in diabetic and in non-diabetic patients compared with the situation prior to the operation. However, the three instruments differed somewhat. Thus, whereas in the Physical Activity Score, diabetic patients tended to improve less markedly than non-diabetic patients, the opposite was found in the Nottingham Health Profile.     

持续性不卧床腹膜透析及肾移植者生活质量研究

目的 比较持续性不卧床腹膜透析与肾移植术对终末期肾病患者生存质量的影响.方法 选择2011年2月至2012年12月在昆明医科大学第一附属医院和昆明医科大学第二附属医院接受持续性不卧床腹膜透析或肾移植术3个月以上的105例终末期肾病患者,其中54例接受肾移植术[肾移植组,男35例,女19例,平均年龄(39±10)岁],51例接受持续性不卧床腹膜透析[腹膜透析组,男30例,女21例,平均年龄(41±10)岁],采用KDQOL-SFTM 1.2量表对其生存质量进行评估.采用t检验进行数据统计.结果 肾移植组SF-36总分及其分支领域得分(精力状况除外)均显著高于腹膜透析组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肾移植组KDTA总分、症状、肾病影响、肾病负担、性功能、睡眠及社会支持得分均高于腹膜透析组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),两组工作状况、认知功能、社交质量得分差异无统计学意义.结论 肾移植者的生活质量优于接受维持性腹膜透析者.     

Factors influencing change in health-related quality of life after liver transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients following liver transplantation and the factors associated with HRQoL variation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected for 60 consecutive patients activated for liver transplantation in a single hospital. Patients were classified according to the severity of the cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class) and disease etiology (alcoholic cirrhosis, viral cirrhosis, cholestatic diseases, and hepatocarcinoma). HRQoL was assessed by three different questionnaires: the Health Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and a specific-symptom questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed during the pre-operative period and six months after transplantation. RESULTS: In the pre-operative period, patients with Child A had higher mean levels of HRQoL than did those in other groups. At six months following transplantation, there were no significant differences among the groups, largely because gains obtained by patients with Child B and C were much greater than those attained by patients with Child A. Across the four etiological groups, there were significant differences in all domains of the three questionnaires, except SF-36-bodily pain and HAD-anxiety, prior to transplantation, because patients with hepatocarcinoma had much better HRQoL. After transplantation, there were no differences because patients with viral and alcohol-induced cirrhosis achieved greater gains with respect to the neoplastic group. During the pre-operative period, the scores for all areas of the SF-36 and for all groups were below the general population normalized score of 50 (except for patients with Child class A and those affected with hepatocarcinoma). Six-months post-transplantation, the scores on most of the domains remained below 50, except for certain mental areas in which higher scores were attained. CONCLUSIONS: Health-related quality of life is influenced by the severity and etiology of cirrhosis-patients with Child class C and those with alcoholic or viral cirrhosis have the poorest quality of life. There were no differences observed among the groups after the transplantation, as the patients with the lowest HRQoLs prior to surgery demonstrated greater gains in HRQoL associated with liver transplantation.     

规律随访对肾移植受者术后生存质量的影响

肾移植技术的飞速发展使终末期肾病患者得到了理想的救治。但是仅追求肾移植手术的成功是不够的,肾移植受者还将面临排斥反应以及长期服用免疫抑制剂所带来的感染、心血管疾病、内分泌代谢异常、造血系统异常、新发肿瘤等问题。来自家庭、经济与社会等方面的压力,也严重影响肾移植受者的生存质量。     

Pain regulation and health-related quality of life after thoracolumbar fractures of the spine

Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine rank among the severest injuries of the human skeleton. Especially in younger patients they often result from high-energy accidents. Recently, a shift in paradigm towards more aggressive treatment strategies including anterior procedures could be observed. However, so far only few data exist reflecting the quality of life (QoL) after such injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate medium-term QoL and further to identify factors that influence the clinical outcome in patients with fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Data of 906 patients who were treated during a 10-year period in our institution were evaluated retrospectively. Only patients with single-level traumatic injuries aged between 18 and 65 years without neurological deficits, concomitant injuries of other locations and internal comorbidities were included into the investigation (n = 204). Three different treatment groups (i.e. non-operative, dorsal and dorsoventral stabilisation) were compared to healthy controls as well as different pain populations. The QoL was assessed using established questionnaires (SF-36, HFAQ, VAS-Spinescore, PRQ, and PTSD). Sixty-five percent of the included patients (n = 133) were studied at an average follow-up of 5.3 ± 1.7 years after injury. All treatment groups revealed an identical gender and age distribution. More severe and unstable injuries were found in the surgical groups associated with higher treatment costs and a longer inability to work. Compared to healthy controls, QoL was compromised to the same extent in all groups. Furthermore, all patients treated in this study did significantly better than low back pain individuals with regard to QoL and pain regulation parameters. In our study, patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures showed a reduced QoL compared to healthy controls. Thus, patients do not seem to regain their former QoL. However, the level of discomfort was comparably low in all groups, even in patients with more severe injuries requiring extensive surgery. Overall, outcome and QoL after traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine rather seem to be determined by the severity of injury than by pain regulation or other psychosocial factors which is likely the case in low back pain disorders.     

Emotional issues after kidney transplantation: a prospective psychotherapeutic study

BACKGROUND: Negative emotional states are the single most influential factor in determining quality of life after a successful kidney transplant. We designed a prospective study using psychotherapeutic principles to understand and intervene in emotional issues in adult recipients of first cadaver kidney transplants. METHODS: Forty-nine recipients of first cadaver kidney transplants were subjected to 12 sessions (at weekly intervals) of psychotherapy within 3 months of receiving their transplant. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was utilized as a measure of change in emotional state, pretherapy, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. A higher score on BDI was suggestive of psychological dysfunction. In the first instance, data was analysed within a quantitative framework, by virtue of the BDI. In the second instance, data was considered in terms of recurring themes described by patients during psychotherapy and was analysed qualitatively. In the third instance, both qualitative and quantitative data was considered in terms of individual patient's ability to achieve some feeling of having implemented some social, relational and vocational equilibrium into their everyday life. Recipients of live kidneys, paediatric transplants and patients who received more than one transplant were excluded, as emotional issues are different in this cohort of patients. All patients have completed 1 yr of follow up. None of the patients were on antidepressant medication before or after therapy. RESULTS: This is an ongoing study in which we are comparing individual vs. group therapy vs. controls (who receive no therapy). The total number of patients recruited will be 120 and the final report will be available in 2003-04. The results reported in this paper form the 49 patients in the individual arm of the study. All the patients in our study happened to be white people. There was significant improvement in the BDI scores following therapy. The mean score was 26.3 +/- 7.9 before and 20.5 +/- 8.8 after therapy (p = 0.001); the lowering of the scores remained sustained at 12 months. Multivariate analysis of age, gender, employment status, duration of dialysis (if in dialysis for more than 3 yrs) and psychotherapy given before transplantation did not affect the results of our study. For the qualitative aspect of the study, we grouped the emotional problems as expressed by the patients into three recurring themes (i) fear of rejection, (ii) feelings of paradoxical loss post-transplant despite having received a successful transplant and (iii) the psychological integration of the newly acquired kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotherapeutic intervention was an effective means of addressing emotional problems in recipients of kidney transplants. The recurring themes as identified above provided a baseline for psychotherapeutic exploration and resolution of these issues. Successful resolution of these issues was associated with lower BDI scores and the redefinition of normality in daily living post-transplant.     

New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: Incidence and associated factors

AIM To determine the incidence and associated factors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation(NODAT) in a Portuguese central hospital. METHODS This single-center retrospective study involved consecutive adult nondiabetic transplant recipients, who had undergone kidney transplantation between January 2012 and March 2016. NODAT was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Data were collected from an institutional database of the Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Department(Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal) and augmented with data of laboratorial parameters collected from the corresponding patient electronic medical records. Exclusion criteria were preexisting diabetes mellitus, missing information and follow-up period of less than 12 mo. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics as well as anthropometric and laboratorial parameters were also collected. Patients were divided into two groups: With and without NODAT-for statistical comparison.RESULTS A total of 156 patients received kidney transplantduring the study period, 125 of who were included in our analysis. NODAT was identified in 27.2% of the patients(n = 34; 53% female; mean age: 49.5 ± 10.8 years; median follow-up: 36.4 ± 2.5 mo). The incidence in the first year was 24.8%. The median time to diagnosis was 3.68 ± 5.7 mo after transplantation, and 76.5% of the patients developed NODAT in the first 3 mo. In the group that did not develop NODAT(n = 91), 47% were female, with mean age of 46.4 ± 13.5 years and median follow-up of 35.5 ± 1.6 mo. In the NODAT group, the pretransplant fasting plasma glucose(FPG) levels were significantly higher [101(96.1-105.7) mg/d L vs 92(91.4-95.8) mg/d L, P = 0.007] and pretransplant impaired fasting glucose(IFG) was significantly more frequent(51.5% vs 27.7%, P = 0.01). Higher pretransplant FPG levels and pretransplant IFG were found to be predictive risk factors for NODAT development [odds ratio(OR): 1.059, P = 0.003; OR: 2.772, P = 0.017, respectively]. CONCLUSION NODAT incidence was high in our renal transplant recipients, particularly in the first 3 mo posttransplant, and higher pretransplant FPG level and IFG were risk factors.     

肾移植术后近期发生高热的诊断及治疗

报道尸体肾移植后近期发生高热５７例。其中肺部感染３５例，占６１．４％；移植肾周围脓肿６例，占１０．５％；疟原虫感染４例，占７％；脓毒血症１例，占１．８％；肺脓肿１例，占１．８％，颅内感染１例，占１．８％，不明原因９例，本组治愈４１例，占７１．９％，摘除移植肾３例，占５．３％，死亡１３例，占２２．８％。就近期发热的原因，鉴别诊断，治疗及预防进行讨论。     

肾移植1180例次生存分析

目的 总结我院２２年来临床肾移植的效果,分析探讨影响肾移植存活预后因素。方法 对我院１９７７年１０月至１９９９年６月间所作的１１８０例次（１０３９例患者）尸体肾移植的临床资料进行随访总结。并对可能影响移植肾存活的诸因素,如受者性别、受者年龄、移植次数、供者年龄、供受者性别配对、供受者血型配合、淋巴细胞毒交叉试验、冷缺血时间、延迟肾功能、肾功能正常时间、免疫者性别配对、供受者血型配合、淋巴细胞毒交叉     

直肠癌术后生活质量研究的随访情况分析

目的探讨对直肠癌术后患者生活质量研究随访中如何有效提高随访率和随访质量。方法对2002年8月至2011年2月期间在中山大学附属第一医院胃肠外科行直肠癌根治术的患者．采用欧洲癌症研究治疗组织QLQ—c30与CR38量表对患者进行术后生活质量回顾性调查,对随访情况以及性相关条目缺项情况进行分析。结果调查问卷发出438份,回收285份,随访应答率65．1％。285份回收量表中,262份（91．9％）通过信函完成,19份（6．7％）通过门诊访谈完成,通过电话和电子邮件完成的各有2份（1．4％）。排除16份（5．6％）无效量表,有效量表269份。应答与不应答病例一般临床资料的比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。性功能条目中第47和48项缺填者分别占24．9％（67／269）和26．0％（70／269）;性乐趣条目中第49项缺填者占30．5％（82／269）。不同性别（P〈0．01）、年龄（P〈0．01）、受教育程度（P〈0．05）和工作与否（P〈0．01）的患者对于性相关条目完成情况的差异有统计学意义。结论信函随访辅以当面访谈是适合当前我国国情的随访方式。提高直肠癌根治术后患者的生活质量研究及性问题调查的随访率应针对不同患者群体采取相应的处理方式。     

肱骨干骨不连翻修手术对患者健康相关生活质量的影响

目的探讨肱骨干骨不连翻修手术对患者健康相关生活质量的影响。方法回顾性分析自2013年3月至2018年9月西安交通大学附属红会医院创伤骨科下肢病区采用翻修手术治疗的62例肱骨干骨不连患者资料。男43例,女19例;年龄20~73岁,平均42.3岁。骨不连类型:萎缩型19例,缺血型14例,肥大型29例。记录并分析患者人口统计学数据、临床数据、影像学表现和治疗方法。并通过健康调查12条简表(SF-12)和简明疼痛度量表(BPI)评价肱骨干骨不连患者的健康相关生活质量,并采用Mayo肘关节功能评分(MEPS)评估患者肘关节功能。结果入院时患者SF-12中的生理总评分(PCS)评分为(24.3±5.2)分,SF-12中的心理总评分(MCS)评分为(26.3±3.8)分,BPI中的中严重程度(BPI-S)评分为(6.5±1.9)分,BPI中的疼痛干扰(BPI-I)评分为(6.7±2.5)分。术后1年随访时,PCS评分平均(43.6±8.1)分,MCS评分平均(34.7±4.4)分,BPI-S平均(4.9±1.2)分,BPI-I平均(4.4±1.4)分。以上四组指标术前与术后1年比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时根据MEPS标准,肘关节功能优良率为95.2%(59/62)。通过与文献数据比较,肱骨干骨不连患者术后PCS评分与Barrentt食管、原发性高血压、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和硅肺患者的PCS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后MCS与脑卒中患者MCS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肱骨干骨不连是一种破坏性的慢性疾病,对身心健康和生活质量都有负面影响。虽然对肢体疼痛的影响可以通过翻修手术来缓解,但整个治疗过程可能会对患者造成永久的心理创伤。     

阶段性功能锻炼对全髋关节置换术病人功能恢复及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨阶段性功能锻炼对全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)病人术后的功能恢复及生活质量的影响.方法 共纳入120例THA病人,随机分为两组,功能锻炼组病人按照阶段性功能锻炼指导手册内容指导病人进行功能锻炼,常规护理组病人接受常规术后护理.比较两组病人手术前后的髋关节Harris评分、Barthel指数评分以及病人满意度.结果 两组病人术后3个时间点(出院前、术后3个月、术后6个月)的髋关节Harris评分均较术前逐步提高,且功能锻炼组的得分均高于常规护理组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);两组病人术前及出院前的Barthel指数评分差异无统计学意义,但功能锻炼组术后3、6个月的Barthel指数均优于常规护理组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);两组病人对治疗的满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.146,P=0.004).结论 阶段性功能锻炼对THA病人术后的髋关节功能恢复具有临床指导意义,能提高病人的生活活动能力和对治疗的满意度,具有积极的社会效益.     

Randomized trial of health-related quality of life after open and laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported improved or unchanged three-year survival following laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) for colon cancer compared with that following open resection (OCR). The aim of this study was to determine health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients randomized to laparoscopic or open resection for colon cancer. Methods In total, 285 patients (130 LCR, 155 OCR) from seven Swedish centers were included. HRQL was assessed preoperatively and at 2, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively with the EQ-5D and EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments. Results The LCR patients did significantly better on the social function component of the EORTC QLQ-C30 at two and four weeks and on the role function component at two weeks. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection for colon cancer improved quality of life during the first postoperative month.     

Modeling the effects of functional performance and post-transplant comorbidities on health-related quality of life after heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life and functional performance are important outcome measures following heart transplantation. This study investigates the impact of pre-transplant functional performance and post-transplant rejection episodes, obesity and osteopenia on post-transplant health-related quality of life and functional performance. METHODS: Functional performance and health-related quality of life were measured in 70 adult heart transplant recipients. A composite health-related quality of life outcome measure was computed via principal component analysis. Iterative, multiple regression-based path analysis was used to develop an integrated model of variables that affect post-transplant functional performance and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Functional performance, as measured by the Karnofsky scale, improved markedly during the first 6 months post-transplant and was then sustained for up to 3 years. Rejection Grade > or =2 was negatively associated with health-related quality of life, measured by Short Form-36 and reversed Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale scores. Patients with osteopenia had lower Short Form-36 physical scores and obese patients had lower functional performance. Path analysis demonstrated a negative direct effect of obesity (beta = - 0.28, p < 0.05) on post-transplant functional performance. Post-transplant functional performance had a positive direct effect on the health-related quality of life composite score (beta = 0.48, p < 0.001), and prior rejection episodes grade > or =2 had a negative direct effect on this measure (beta = -0.29, p < 0.05).Either directly or through effects mediated by functional performance, moderate-to-severe rejection, obesity and osteopenia negatively impact health-related quality of life. These findings indicate that efforts should be made to devise immunosuppressive regimens that reduce the incidence of acute rejection, weight gain and osteopenia after heart transplantation.