糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆肾上腺髓质素变化及硝苯地平对其影响

目的探讨糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆肾上腺髓质素（ADM）、内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang）、一氧化氮水平变化及硝苯地平对其影响。方法测定30例血压正常及40例糖尿病合并高血压患者和30例对照组血浆ADM、ET、AngⅡ及NO水平，并观察硝苯地平治疗对糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆ADM、ET、AngⅡ和NO水平的影响。结果糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆ADM、ET及AngⅡ水平比对照组明显升高，血浆NO水平比对照组明显降低，硝苯地平治疗后，糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆ADM、ET及AngⅡ水平比治疗前明显降低，血浆NO水平比治疗明显升高。结论糖尿病患者血浆ET、AngⅡ水平升高，NO水平降低在糖尿病合并高血压患者的发病中起重要作用，血浆ADM水平升高为机体防止血压过度升高的一种代偿保护机制。硝苯地平治疗可使糖尿病合并高血压患者体内缩血管物质和舒血管物质水平达到新的稳态平衡。     

通心络对自发性高血压大鼠血浆NO、ET及血管平滑肌iNOS表达的影响

目的 观察通心络对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压、血浆内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)以及主动脉血管平滑肌组织(VSM)iNOS mRNA表达的变化. 方法 30只12周龄雄性SHR大鼠,随机分成3组,每组10只,分别为空白对照组、通心络小剂量组、大剂量组,年龄、性别配对的正常雄性WKY大鼠作为时照.各给药组均采用灌胃法给药,对照组给予等量蒸馏水.治疗12周.放免法测定血浆ET、Ang Ⅱ浓度,NO浓度采用硝酸还原酶法测定,用RT-PCR检测VSM组织iNOS mRNA表达水平. 结果 与未治疗组SHR相比,大、小剂量通心络治疗均能在一定程度上抑制SHR大鼠血压升高(P<0.05);小剂量通心络治疗可降低血浆ET浓度(P<0.05),升高NO浓度(P<0.05),Ang Ⅱ浓度无明显变化(P>0.05),VSM iNOS mRNA表达增强(P<0.05);大剂量通心络治疗可使血浆ET明显降低(P<0.01),Ang Ⅱ浓度下调(P<0.05),NO浓度显著升高(P<0.01),VSM iNOS mRNA表达显著增强(P<0.01). 结论 通心络治疗能有效降低SHR大鼠血浆ET、Ang Ⅱ水平,促进VSM组织iNOS mRNA表达,增加血浆NO浓度,抑制血压的升高.     

依那普利对高肺血流量大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ、血浆一氧化氮的影响

目的 观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)对高肺血流量大鼠肺组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的含量、血浆一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响.方法 将23只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=7)、分流组(n=8)和分流 依那普利组(n=8).对分流组和分流 依那普利组大鼠行腹主动脉-下腔静脉分流术,并以依那普利进行干预.11周后以右心导管法测定肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室/体质量(RV/BW)和右心室/(左心室 室间隔)比值[RV/(LV S)],观测肺血管显微结构的变化,计算血管壁肌层厚度占外径的百分比(WT%)及血管壁肌层面积占血管总面积的百分比(WA%).用放射免疫分析法测肺组织中AngⅡ的含量,并以分光光度计测定血浆NO含量.结果 (1)分流组大鼠mPAP、RV/BW及RV/(LV S)比值明显高于对照组;光镜下分流组大鼠肺小血管肌化程度明显增强,肺中、小型肌型动脉WT%和WA%明显升高;肺组织AngⅡ含量明显增加,血浆NO含量较对照组下降.上述差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).(2)分流 依那普利组大鼠mPAP、RV/BW、RV/(LV S)比值明显低于分流组,肺小血管肌化程度明显改善,中、小型肺肌型动脉WT%和WA%明显降低,肺组织AngⅡ含量有下降趋势,血浆NO含量较分流组明显增加.上述差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 ACEI能减缓高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压和肺血管重塑,AngⅡ、NO可能在其中起重要作用.     

特立加压素和垂体后叶素对肝硬化大鼠门脉压力及胃粘膜血流量的影响

为探讨特立加压素和垂体后叶素对肝硬化大鼠门脉压力、平均动脉压及胃粘膜血流量的影响，采用美国BIOPAC公司生产的MP100型多导生理记录仪测定肝硬化大鼠门脉压力和胃粘膜血流量，并观察给予特立加压素和垂体后叶素前后门压力及胃粘膜血流量的变化。发现特立加压素和垂体后叶素均可显著降低肝硬化大鼠门脉压力及胃粘膜血流量，但特立加压素对动脉压力的影响较垂体后叶素小，且降低胃粘膜血流量的速度快，结果表明特立加压素对于降低肝硬化门脉高压较垂体后叶素为优，对门脉高压性胃病的治疗具有一定的疗效。     

施他宁对门脉高压性胃病治疗的实验研究

目的：探讨施他宁对门脉高压性胃病(PHG)的治疗作用。方法：部分结扎大鼠门脉主干2周制作PHG模型,观察施他宁对PHG大鼠全身血流动力学、胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)、门脉压力(PVP)和胃粘膜下层血管的影响,测定了输注施他宁30 min后PHG大鼠血浆胰高糖素,血浆和胃粘膜 6-keto-PGF1α含量,并与普萘洛尔进行了对比。结果：施他宁和普萘洛尔均能降低PVP、GMBF, 而对胃粘膜下层血管无影响;施他宁能拮抗PHG大鼠胰高糖素作用、抑制胃酸和胃蛋白酶,对平均动脉压(MAP)和心率无明显影响,普萘洛尔与施他宁相反;普萘洛尔和施他宁两组均不能拮抗PGI2。结论：施他宁通过拮抗PHG大鼠胰高糖素的作用降低GMBF,且对外周循环无明显影响。     

气虚血瘀证与冠心病血浆一氧化氮、内皮素和血管紧张素Ⅱ含量的相关性研究

目的:通过检测冠心病(Coronary heart disease,CHD)患者的血浆一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)等血管活性物质的含量,探讨血管内皮细胞功能在冠心病气虚血瘀证中的作用.方法:对CHD气虚血瘀证组112例、CHD非气虚血瘀证组108例、非CHD气虚血瘀证组110例和健康人对照组100名检测分析血管内皮细胞产生的NO、ET、AngⅡ等血管活性物质.结果:ET、Ang Ⅱ的异常程度均呈CHD气虚血瘀证组＞CHD非气虚血瘀证＞健康人对照组的趋势(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);而CHD气虚血瘀证组和非冠心病气虚血瘀证组之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:血管内皮细胞分泌的NO、ET、AngⅡ等血管活性物质与CHD形成及病情变化密切相关,是CHD“气虚血瘀”病理重要标志物.     

内皮源性心血管活性物质与心血管疾患探析

内皮源性心血管活性物质是指血管内皮细胞分泌的对心肌收缩力、心率、血管张力等有影响的物质，包括一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、缓激肽、前列环素(PG12)、腺苷等。由于这些物质大多数在局部发挥作用，所以尤以心脏分泌的心血管活性物质更为重要。心脏冠状动脉内皮细胞和心内膜内皮细胞均能分泌心血管活性物质。     

氯沙坦对高血压患者部分血管活性肽水平的影响

目的：测量原发性高血压（EH）患血浆内皮素（ET）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及心钠素（ANP）水平，并进行治疗前后对比分析。方法：对68例EH患用氯沙坦治疗2周，于治疗前1天及治疗后2周，用放免法测定ET－1、AngⅡ及ANP，并与30例健康作比较。结果：EH患ET－1、AngⅡ及ANP含量均高于正常对照组（P＜0．05）。EH患经氯沙坦治疗后ET－1、AngⅡ及ANP均明显降低（P＜0．05）。结论：ET－1、AngⅡ及ANP在EH发病中起着重要作用，血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂是治疗EH较为理想的药物。     

缬沙坦对肝硬化门脉高压作用及机制研究

目的研究缬沙坦对肝硬化门脉血流动力学的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法肝硬化患者观察组和对照组各24例,分别给予口服缬沙坦80 mg/d的一周和常规治疗。用药前后应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测门静脉和脾静脉内径并计算其平均流速和血流量。同时放免法测定血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ。结果服用缬沙坦后门静脉和脾静脉内径缩小,与用药前相比P<0.05;它们的平均流速和血流量均有降低,与用药前相比P<0.05。用药后血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ较用药前则明显升高(P<0.05)。结论缬沙坦可以使肝硬化患者门脉压力降低,可能与调控肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统有关。     

冠心病患者血浆肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽与缩血管活性物质关系的探讨

目的 观察冠心病患者血浆肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽(PAMP)与缩血管活性物质之间的关系并探讨其临床意义.方法 经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者66例被分为稳定性心绞痛组(SA)、不稳定性心绞痛组(UA)与急性心肌梗死组(AMI),对照组为经冠状动脉造影证实无冠心病的患者,所有研究对象用放射免疫分析法测定血浆PAMP、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)与内皮素(ET)含量.结果 对照组、SA组、UA组与AMI组PAMP血浆含量(ng/L)依次为5.55±0.97、9.25±2.95、13.07±1.29、15.52±4.60,冠心病患者PAMP血浆含量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),AngⅡ与ET在UA组与AMI组明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).UA组与AMI组血浆PAMP水平与AngⅡ、ET呈显著正相关(P＜0.01).结论 冠心病患者血浆PAMP浓度增高,并且和缩血管物质AngⅡ、ET明显相关,可能与拮抗AngⅡ、ET的缩血管作用有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.