An Operation Designed to Promote the Growth of New Coronary Arteries, Using a Detached Omental Graft: A Preliminary Report

The human greater omentum exhibits a marked affinity for inflamed surfaces, to which it supplies numerous blood vessels. To achieve myocardial revascularization by omental graft the root of the aorta, the epicardium over both ventricles and the serosal layer of the pericardium were removed in 17 animals. A piece of greater omentum was removed from the abdomen, unfolded and wrapped around the entire heart, and fixed by interrupted sutures to the base of the aorta. Myocardial ischemia was created at the time of operation by ameroid constriction of coronary arteries. Vessels, arteriolar or larger, were found to grow from the root of the aorta, the myocardium and the pericardium into the detached free omental graft, which apparently acted as a conveyer for new vessels, including new coronary arteries, to reach the myocardium.     

Right Internal Mammary Artery Implantation into Right Ventricular Myocardium for Revascularization of the Entire Heart: Experimental Data and Preliminary Report

The left internal mammary artery implant combined with epicardiectomy and free omental graft provides three extra-coronary sources of blood. This operation tested in dogs with 92% main-stem occlusion of three coronary arteries protected 75% of the animals. Applied clinically in over 100 patients, the operation resulted in 90% improvement. To obtain complete myocardial revascularization, the right internal mammary artery has been used as a fourth source of extra-coronary blood. In 57 animals, the right internal mammary arteries were implanted into the anterior walls of the right ventricle; in 80% this vessel formed anastomoses with the right coronary tree, and in 65% with the right and left coronary arteriolar systems. Six patients are described who underwent right internal mammary artery implantation; five of these in addition had the combined operation of left internal mammary artery implant, epicardiectomy and free omental graft. All patients had completely blocked right coronary arteries; in addition, five had advanced disease of the left coronary arterial tree.     

Results of 14 Years' Experience in the Surgical Treatment of Human Coronary Artery Insufficiency

Atherosclerosis obstructs the main stems of coronary arteries, restricting the coronary artery inflow tract. Nature develops intramyocardial collaterals but fails to form extracoronary collateral channels. It is only through surgical measures that extracoronary collateral channels may be formed, for example, by internal mammary artery implantation and omental graft without pedicle operations. Preoperative assessment, with particular reference to anginal pain, disease activity, indications for and contra-indications to surgery, is outlined. The importance of cine coronary arteriography is stressed. The results of internal mammary artery implantation with or without omental graft in patients followed up for two to 14 years are presented. Operative mortality in 103 consecutive patients was 2.9%. There was marked improvement in over 70% of 115 patients reviewed. Post-operative examination of 29 implanted internal mammary arteries showed that 76% were open when examined up to 10 years postoperatively; many of these were studied by cineangiography.     

Combined Internal Mammary Artery Implantation and Free Omental Graft Operation: A Highly Effective Revascularization Procedure: (A Study of 17 Cases)

One hundred and forty patients with coronary artery disease treated by internal mammary artery implantation were followed up from six months to 13 years. The mortality rate was 3%; improvement was obtained in 70%. Occlusive disease of all three major coronary arteries, however, requires more blood than can be supplied by the implant procedure, and the free omental graft operation was developed for the management of selected patients with this condition. Normally in animals triple coronary artery ameroid constriction results in 100% mortality. When the free omental graft operation, with or without internal mammary artery implantation, was performed, 80% of such animals survived. The free omental graft forms capillary anastomoses in three days and arteriolar vessels in eight days, which leave the base of the aorta, enter the omentum, thence to the myocardium. A combined internal mammary artery implantation and free omental graft operation was performed in 17 patients with triple coronary artery disease as shown by cine coronary arteriography. There was no operative mortality, and 12 of the patients are free of pain and have returned to work.     

The Treatment of Multiple Coronary Occlusions by Internal Mammary Artery Implantation and Omental Graft: Report on Two Human Cases

The importance of triple coronary artery disease was evident in 125 patients undergoing internal mammary artery implantation, when some patients died from right coronary artery occlusion. This occurred even when the internal mammary artery was patent and revascularizing the left ventricle.

In 1961 the free omental graft operation was developed to revascularize both right and left ventricles. In animals this operation has proved most effective in preventing death after application of Ameroid constrictors to all three coronary arteries. Arteriolar or larger-sized vessels rapidly formed between the aorta and omentum and the pericardium and omentum and the heart and omentum.

Two patients with triple coronary artery disease underwent internal mammary artery implantation and free omental graft early in December 1962. Postoperative convalescence was uneventful. They have returned home and appear to be improved. Wrapping the entire heart with the free omental graft has produced little reaction, suggesting that, as in the animal, the grafts are surviving.

     

Blood supply of hepatic carcinomas and its clinical significance]

Parasitic blood supply in 85 patients with hepatic carcinoma was demonstrated by selective angiography and CT. The hepatic carcinomas in the posterior segment of the right hepatic lobe and the lateral segment of the left hepatic lobe were partially fed by the inferior phrenic arteries in 48 patients. The hepatic carcinomas in the inferior portion of the right hepatic lobe were partially fed by the omental arteries in 37 patients. The development of parasitic blood supply depends more upon the location of the tumor than the occlusion of hepatic artery. Although the hepatic artery is occluded, the tumor may still receive blood supply from its parasitic arteries and continue to grow steadily. Therefore, in patients with double arterial blood supply, transcatheter double arterial (hepatic artery and parasitic arteries) infusion and embolization (TDAIE) should be applied for treatment. TDAIE was used in 33 of 85 cases and the preliminary result was quite satisfactory.     

Implantation of the Right and Left Internal Mammary Arteries with Epicardiectomy and Free Omental Graft: A Preliminary Experimental Report

In animal experiments the right internal mammary artery was implanted into the outflow tract of the right ventricle during performance of left mammary artery implantation with epicardiectomy and free omental graft. The effect of double mammary artery implantation operation was tested by triple coronary artery ameroid constriction in 24 animals. In 20 animals studied both implanted arteries remained open and had commenced to bud and branch at the time of examination. The double implant operation is still an experimental procedure.     

慢性脓胸的外科治疗：（附24例病例分析）

手术治疗慢性脓胸24例(包括单纯脓胸、合并支气管胸膜瘘、胸改失败、全肺切除术后脓胸等),占同期胸外科手术总数的2％。手术方法主要有胸膜剥脱术或附加胸改、大网膜充填术等。对脓胸手术处理,特别是胸膜剥脱及带蒂网膜充填脓腔的手术方法进行了讨论。     

特型裁剪游离血管蒂大网膜移植术治疗慢性四肢血栓症

通过特型裁剪延伸大网膜治疗四肢深静脉血栓症、旨在介绍裁剪方法和临床效果，着重讨论了大网膜的局部解剖和裁剪体会。     

带蒂大网膜包肾术对肾小球硬化大鼠肾血流的DSA观察

目的探讨带蒂大网膜包肾术对肾小球硬化大鼠肾血流的影响。方法采用单侧肾切除加二次注射阿霉素制备肾小球硬化大鼠模型,用肾动脉DSA造影观察带蒂大网膜包肾术对肾小球硬化大鼠肾血流的变化。结果带蒂大网膜包肾术使肾小球硬化大鼠肾血流明显增加,肾小球硬化减轻。结论带蒂大网膜包肾术明显增加肾小球硬化大鼠肾血流明显增加。     

小儿网膜囊肿21例临床分析

目的 探讨小儿网膜囊肿临床表现及诊治要点.方法 回顾性分析1994～2007年我院经手术及病理证实21例小儿网膜囊肿临床表现、诊断及治疗资料.结果 男女比例大致相等.发病年龄3岁以内52.4%,6岁以内76.2%,10岁以内95.2%.腹胀、腹块、贫血、腹痛、呕吐是本病主要临床特点.全组入院诊断符合率38.1%,误诊为腹水待查(19.1%)、肠系膜囊肿(14.3%)及中度以上贫血待查(14.3%).CT检查57.1%,诊断符合率83.3%;腹部X线平片检查19.1%,诊断符合率25.0%;B超检查90.5%,诊断符合率78.9%.囊肿位于大网膜80.9%,小网膜19.1%.行囊肿完整切除术90.4%,囊肿大部分切除、残余与血管粘连处囊肿内表面用碘酊烧灼9.6%.结论 10岁以内儿童有腹胀、腹块、贫血表现者应警惕本病可能.B超和CT检查诊断价值高,手术治疗作为首选.近期随访疗效满意,8年随访15例(71.4%)无复发.     

Apparent Reversion to Trophism of a Free Omental Graft: A Preliminary Report

In a previous paper we reported evidence which suggested that a free omental graft has trophic characteristics similar to those of the chorionic epithelium of the early embryo, through which it establishes arteriolar or larger connections with aorta, heart and pericardium within 10 days after it has been placed in contact with the denuded surfaces of each structure. The theory of omental trophism was tested by dropping pieces of omentum completely detached into the pleural and peritoneal cavities of white rats. When examined 25 or more days later a percentage of omental grafts appeared healthy and were attached to pleura, lung, heart and to various structures in the peritoneal cavity. In the pleural grafts, histological sections revealed a continuity between the omental grafts and the sub-pleural tissues. A blood-hungry free omental graft appears to seek out its own blood supply. Neither pleura nor serosa was able to repel its primitive probing for a new blood supply.     

Visfatin在2型糖尿病患者腹部皮下和网膜脂肪组织中的表达及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨visfatin基因在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者腹部皮下和网膜脂肪组织中的表达情况,及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法用半定量RT-PCR方法检测糖代谢正常者(对照组20例)和T2DM患者(22例)的大网膜与皮下脂肪组织visfatin mRNA的表达水平,并测量体重、血压、腰围、臀围、血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂和HOMA-IR。结果糖尿病组和对照组网膜组织的visfatin mRNA表达量分别高于对应的皮下脂肪组织(P<0.05)。糖尿病组网膜的visfatin mRNA表达量高于对照组网膜visfatin mRNA表达量(P<0.05);糖尿病组皮下脂肪visfatin mRNA表达量与对照组皮下脂肪visfatin mRNA表达量之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。将两组数据合并,网膜visfatin mRNA表达量与HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.05),与其他因素均无相关性(P>0.05);皮下脂肪visfatin mRNA表达量与所有因素均无相关性(P>0.05)。多元逐步回归分析发现,皮下脂肪visfatin mRNA表达量与所有因素均无相关性(P>0.05);网膜visfatin mRNA表达量与HOMA-IR相关(P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者网膜visfatin mRNA表达量较正常组明显升高,可以作为胰岛素抵抗的一个重要参数。     

超声引导下穿刺活检在诊断网膜病变中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺活检在网膜病变中的临床应用价值。方法对2010年6月-2013年6月来我科就诊的29例网膜病变患者行超声引导下经皮穿刺活检,并随访观察有无并发症。结果本组29例均成功获取组织标本,穿刺成功率100％,其中27例明确了病理学诊断,定性诊断率93．1％（27／29）。以术后病理或随访影像学检查结果为最终临床诊断结果,穿刺定性诊断符合率92．6％（25／27）。有1例（3．5％,1／29）术后出现腹壁肿胀,无严重并发症发生。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺活检网膜病变准确性高,可为临床诊断提供参考。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者皮下和网膜脂肪组织中内脏脂肪素的表达及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者腹部皮下和网膜脂肪组织内脏脂肪素(Visfatin)基因表达的差异及其与胰岛素抵抗IR的关系。方法逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测28例GDM(GDM组)、25例正常孕妇(对照组)腹部皮下和网膜脂肪组织Visfatin mRNA的表达水平,测量空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂等指标,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)值。结果2组网膜脂肪Visfatin mRNA表达量均高于对应的皮下脂肪(P<0.05);GDM组网膜脂肪Visfatin mRNA表达量高于对照组(P<0.05);2组皮下脂肪Visfatin mRNA表达量比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。网膜脂肪Visfatin mRNA表达量与FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)呈正相关(P<0.05);皮下脂肪Visfatin mRNA表达量与FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDLP、HDLP均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论在GDM患者网膜脂肪中Visfatin mRNA存在高表达,并且这种高表达可能与IR有关。     

Intermittent omental torsion--an unusual cause of recurrent abdominal pain?

A case of haemoperitoneum arising from an omental haematoma is described. Histology suggests that this resulted from an omental torsion. The omentum, however, was not torted at the time of laparotomy. Furthermore, there was a history of similar episodes of pain over the previous eighteen months. This suggests that spontaneous derotation of an omental torsion may occur, and may be an unusual cause of recurrent abdominal pain.     

肥胖合并高胰岛素血症患者大网膜脂肪组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α基因的表达及意义

目的 研究大网膜脂肪组织中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）－α基因的表达及其在肥胖和胰岛素抵抗发病机制中的作用。方法 （1）选择肥胖合并胰岛素抵抗患（体重指数,BMI＜30kg/m^2,空腹血浆胰岛素＞20μIU／ml,疾病组）和对照组（BMI＜25mg/m^2)各10例,抽提大网膜脂肪组织RNA。（2）用半定量RT－CPR方法研究两组大网膜脂肪组织中TNF－α基因的表达。结果 （1）疾病组中TNF－αRNA水平显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论 （1）疾病组大网膜脂肪组织中TNF－α表达增多,由于TNF－α能抑制脂肪细胞堆积,因此这可能是机体的保护反应;（2）肥胖患者中可能存在TNF－α限制脂肪堆积中作用减弱,从而产生肥胖。     

内脂素基因在不同糖耐量个体脂肪组织的表达差异

目的探讨2型糖尿病、糖耐量减低者内脏和皮下脂肪组织的内脂素基因表达及与相关代谢指标的关系。方法研究对象均为汉族人群,对照组23例,无糖尿病家族史;糖耐量减低组（IGT组）18例;2型糖尿病组(T2DM组)22例。同时测量血压,计算体质量指数（BMI）及腰臀比(WHR),测定空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白（HDL C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL C）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹胰岛素（Fins）等指标,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA IR）。半定量RT PCR法检测脂肪组织内脂素基因的表达水平。结果T2DM组网膜脂肪组织的内脂素基因表达量高于IGT组和对照组(P均＜0.01)。IGT组与对照组网膜脂肪组织的内脂素基因表达量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。对照组、IGT组及T2DM组皮下脂肪组织的内脂素基因表达量无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。肥胖/超重组网膜脂肪组织的内脂素基因表达量高于体质量正常组(P＜0.01)。各组网膜脂肪组织的内脂素基因表达量均高于对应的皮下脂肪组织的表达(P均＜0.01)。相关分析中,网膜脂肪组织内脂素基因表达与WHR相关(P＜0.05 );与年龄、BMI、SBP、DBP、FINS、FBG、HbA1C、HOMA IR均无相关性(P＞0.05),而皮下脂肪组织内脂素基因表达则与TC相关(P＜0.05)。结论内脂素在汉族人群T2DM、肥胖者中表达增加,且主要在内脏脂肪组织中表达,在维持葡萄糖稳态平衡中发挥作用。     

人网膜前脂肪细胞原代培养

目的：建立人网膜前脂肪细胞原代培养方法。方法：选取成人网膜脂肪组织,用原代消化细胞培养法培养出形态均一的梭形细胞,用条件培养基诱导分化,油红O染色进行脂肪细胞鉴定。结果：培养出的细胞形态均一,4-5代以内增殖旺盛。用条件培养基诱导后,细胞形态由梭形向圆形变化,细胞体积增大,胞浆内聚集脂肪颗粒,油红O染色鉴定为成熟的脂肪细胞。结论：人网膜脂肪组织中存在一定数量的前脂肪细胞,予以适当刺激可完成其向成熟脂肪细胞的分化。     

Primary omental torsion in a child: mimic acute appendicitis

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