脊柱损伤的CT诊断

目的：探讨脊柱损伤的ＣＴ诊断。材料与方法：脊柱损伤８０例,其中颈椎６例,胸椎１８例,腰椎５０例,另６例为胸１２、腰１同时受损均用ＳＣＴ－４５００ＴＥＣＴ机扫描。结果：（１）骨折：单纯屈曲压缩型２２例,爆裂型３８例,安全带型４例,骨折脱位型６例,其它型１０例。（２）并发症：椎管内血肿４例,椎旁血肿２５例,椎间盘脱出１０例,其它８例。结论：ＣＴ可全面了解骨折程度、范围及细微改变;准确显示椎管变形狭窄程     

CT扫描在胸腰椎骨折诊断中的价值

目的：探讨胸腰椎骨折的ＣＴ扫描价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析７０例胸腰椎管骨折的ＣＴ扫描资料。结果：７０例９８节胸腰椎骨折中，单椎体骨折４８例，多椎体骨折２２例，ＣＴ诊断准确率为９８％，以爆例型（５４．１％）和压缩型（３５．７％）骨折多见，三柱受累中以前中柱（２２．４％）和前中后柱（５５．１％）多见，椎管狭窄发生率高达３５．１％，结论：ＣＴ扫描对胸腰椎骨折的诊断，分类，判断脊柱失稳，评价脊髓损伤及行     

X 线摄片和 CT 扫描在脊柱骨折中的应用价值比较

目的：比较Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描在脊柱骨折中的应用价值。方法：分析了我院１９９３～１９９５年４６例脊柱骨折者的Ｘ线和ＣＴ表现，男３０例，女１６例，年龄２２～８０岁。结果：Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描发现，Ｘ线片对脊柱单纯屈曲压缩型骨折、椎体脱位、半脱位容易确诊，而对某些类型骨折较易误诊和漏诊，诊断符合率８１．６％。ＣＴ扫描可显示骨折部位、类型、骨折片的移位以及骨折片突入椎管，椎管狭窄，还能显示多节段椎体骨折和附件骨折。椎体骨折均为粉碎性。椎体后缘骨折片不同程度突入椎管，占４８％，与椎体骨折类型有关。ＣＴ扫描诊断符合率达９８．６％。结论：在脊柱损伤的诊断中必须Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描相结合才能提高脊柱损伤的诊断水平。     

腰椎间盘手术后症状复发CT表现

目的：对腰椎间盘突出术后症状复发病人的ＣＴ表现进行了分析,以了解复发情况。方法：３７ 例腰椎间盘突出手术病人,术后均有不同程度反复发作的腰腿痛。其中４例呈痉挛性疼痛。２７ 例作全椎板切除,１０例作半椎板切除。４例平扫加增强扫描。１０例ＣＴＭ 扫描。结果：术后椎管表现正常６例（１６．１％ ）,椎间盘突出复发者１６例（４３．２％ ）,硬膜外纤维疤痕形成２１例（５６．９％ ）,侧椎管狭窄１８例（４８％ ）,化脓性椎间盘炎４例（１．１％ ）。结论：腰椎间盘突出术后症状复发病人ＣＴ扫描,可以解释症状发生的原因。     

几种常用脊柱后路内固定方式与效果分析

我院自１９９２年以来应用迪克（Ｄｉｃｋ）、ＲＦ椎弓根内固定系统，爱德华（Ｅｄｗａｒｄｓ）、鲁克（Ｌｕｑｕｅ）、哈灵顿（Ｈａｒｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ）棒内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折１１０例，通过Ｘ线片、ＣＴ片进行观测比较，对治疗效果作一初步分析。１对象和方法１．１对象本组男８７例，女２３例，年龄１８～５８岁，平均３１．６岁。坠落伤６９例，压砸伤２５例，车祸伤１０例，其它 ６例。受伤至手术时间 １２ ｈ～１５ ｄ，平均 ４．８ｄ。１．２骨折类型及节段压缩型２０例，爆裂型６１例，屈曲分离型６例，骨折脱位２３例。损伤节段：…     

急性肝破裂伤的CT和MRI诊断

目的：回顾性总结１０例急性肝破裂伤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现特征。材料与方法：１０例患者于受伤后２４小时内行ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查，肝破裂损伤根据受累范围分为轻、中、重三度。结果：外伤后２４小时内，３３．３％和２８．６％的肝破裂伤在ＣＴ平扫和ＭＲＩＴ１加权像上呈等密度和等信号，所有病变在Ｔ２加权像上均呈边界清楚的明显高信号。如果以Ｔ２加权像作为标准对照，Ｔ１加权像和ＣＴ平扫判断急性肝破裂伤损伤程度的符合率分别为５７．１％和５５．６％。５５．６％（４／７）的深破裂伤在术后１～３周内合并迟发性并发症。结论：Ｔ２加权像可准确判断急性肝破裂伤的损伤程度和类型，并与术中所见一致。对深破裂伤患者，有必要在伤后１月内行ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ随访，以明确合并症的诊断。     

胸腰椎骨折的CT诊断及与X线平片对照分析(附72例报告)

目的：提高ＣＴ诊断脊柱损伤价值的认识。方法：对照分析７２例胸腰椎骨折的Ｘ线平片与ＣＴ表现。结果：７２例９５节胸腰椎骨折中,单椎体骨折者５４例,多椎体骨折者１８例。单纯屈曲压缩型２１例,爆裂型４１例,骨折脱位型１０例。结论：Ｘ线平片是脊柱损伤的基本检查手段。有时仅凭Ｘ线平片表现较难区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型。椎体后缘线异常是Ｘ线平片诊断爆裂骨折的重要指征。ＣＴ是检查脊柱损伤必要的补充手段,能明确区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型骨折;对骨折分型、判断脊柱失稳、椎管受累程度以及制定治疗方案均有重要价值。     

胸椎无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤

报告１２例胸椎无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤。男８例，女４例，２．５－１１岁７例，２３－２５岁５例。伤因：绞伤１例，辗压伤８例，坠落伤２例，砸伤１例。１０例伤后立即瘫痪，２例伤后２－３天延迟瘫痪。瘫痪特点：弛缓性，大小便失禁。Ｘ线及ＣＴ照片胸椎无骨折脱位；ＭＲＩ：损伤平面早期脊髓水肿，晚期伤段以下脊髓普遍变细，脊髓选择性血管造影脊髓前动脉不显影。术中检查见胸６－８以下脊髓普遍变细，脊髓占椎管１／３，脊髓苍白     

胸腰椎骨折的CT应用和价值（附42例分析）

胸腰椎骨折的ＣＴ应用和价值（附４２例分析）朱亮，吴国宜脊柱损伤的准确诊断是正确治疗的关键。常规ｘ线平片虽能显示脊柱骨折或骨折脱位，但对损伤后脊柱后部骨结构和椎管形态常显示不清。近年来ＣＴ已成为诊断脊柱损伤的一种重要方法。笔者对４２例胸腰椎骨折的ＣＴ结...     

腰椎峡部裂并脊柱滑脱的CT诊断

笔者分析了腰椎峡部裂（３１例）并脊柱滑脱（２２例）患者的ＣＴ表现，总结为以下几点：（１）关节突部部的骨性缺损；（２）神经孔畸形；（３）椎管狭窄；（４）侧隐窝狭窄；（５）椎间盘变形。还讨论了腰椎峡部裂并脊柱滑脱的ＣＴ扫描技术及鉴别诊断。     

Gas in the sternoclavicular joints of patients with blunt chest trauma: significance and frequency of CT findings.

OBJECTIVE: In trauma patients, gas (vacuum phenomenon) in the sternoclavicular joints could represent sequelae of significant distraction forces and thus serve as a potential marker for severe intrathoracic injury. We evaluated the significance and frequency of the finding of gas in the sternoclavicular joints on chest CT of patients with blunt trauma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied all chest CT examinations performed at our institution over a 14-week period for the finding of gas in the sternoclavicular joints. Chest CT examinations (n = 267) were performed in 234 patients. We excluded data from follow-up CT examinations (n = 33), limiting our evaluation to the initial CT examination for each patient. Of the study population, 103 patients (83 men and 20 women) who ranged in age from 14 to 79 years (mean, 40 years) had sustained blunt chest trauma. For all trauma patients, we recorded the mechanism of injury and the associated thoracic injuries. RESULTS: CT revealed gas in the sternoclavicular joints in 47 patients (21%). Gas was unilateral in 27 patients and bilateral in 20 patients. Sternoclavicular joint gas was seen in 39 (38%) of the 103 trauma patients but was found in only eight (6%) of the 131 nontrauma patients (p < .0001). In the 39 trauma patients with sternoclavicular joint gas, associated thoracic injuries were seen in 17 patients (44%); either a sternal fracture or a retrosternal hematoma was seen in three patients. Radiographically evident thoracic injury was revealed in 20 (31%) of the 64 trauma patients who had no gas in the sternoclavicular joint; however, 10 of these 20 patients had either a sternal fracture or a mediastinal hematoma. CONCLUSION: Although gas in the sternoclavicular joints is more frequently seen in patients with blunt chest trauma than in patients undergoing chest CT for other indications, this finding does not indicate a greater risk of significant mediastinal or thoracic injury.     

多排螺旋CT后处理技术在胸腰椎创伤中的应用

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(multidetector spiral CT,MSCT)图像后处理在胸腰椎创伤中的应用价值。方法:对142例有胸腰椎创伤患者行多排螺旋CT薄层扫描。采用矢状位和冠状位多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)和三维重建等技术后处理。结果:142例患者中,83例压缩骨折,49例爆裂骨折和10例骨折伴移位。MSCT后处理图像有助于显示骨碎片的移位和脱位的方向。结论:MSCT后处理在胸腰椎创伤的诊断及指导临床治疗方案的选择起重要作用。     

Can chest and abdominal trauma CT eliminate the need for plain films of the spine? – Experience with 329 multiple trauma patients

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of spine plain films with chest and abdominal trauma CT in detection of spine fractures. Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 329 multiple trauma patients. Of these, 38 patients had both chest CT for trauma and thoracic spine plain films, and 87 patients had both abdominal CT for trauma and lumbar spine plain films. Results: Of the fractures visible at either chest trauma CT or thoracic spine plain film examination, all were diagnosed on CT and 62 % on plain films. Of fractures visible at either abdominal trauma CT or lumbar spine plain films, 94 % were diagnosed on CT and 67 % on plain films. The one false negative CT involved an articular process fracture, which was visible but not mentioned, in a patient with a sacral fracture. Conclusion: Evaluation of the digital scout images and bone windows when a patient has chest and abdominal trauma CT appears to be as accurate as thoracic and lumbar spine plain films in the evaluation of spinal trauma.     

胸腰椎外伤后脊髓损伤CT平扫的局限性

目的：探讨CT平扫诊断胸腰椎外伤后脊髓损伤的局限性。方法：收集近7a来48例胸腰椎外伤的CT平扫结果、X线片结果及临床资料，并进行对比分析。结果：48例胸腰椎外伤病人中椎体骨折73个，单发59个，多发14个，其中CT示碎骨入椎管内的有25处，血肿1处，附件骨折36处，X线片漏报附件骨折16处(44％)瘫痪病人11例，均经手术治疗，术中发现椎管内碎骨15处，血肿2处，脊髓挫伤或断裂10处。结论：CT平扫对椎体、附件骨折、椎管形态改变和碎骨片移位及明显的椎管内血肿的诊断，优于X线平片，但是对脊髓损伤的显示有局限性，建议胸腰椎外伤后瘫痪病人做脊髓造影(CTM)或磁共振成像(MRI)。     

脊柱爆裂骨折的CT、MRI对照研究

目的　探讨CT、MRI对爆裂骨折的诊断价值及对临床治疗的指导作用。方法　回顾性分析 66例爆裂骨折的CT、MRI扫描资料 ,其中颈椎 6例 ,胸椎 3例 ,胸腰段 48例 ,下腰椎 9例。男 5 0例 ,女 16例 ,平均年龄 3 5岁。伤后均行CT、MRI检查。结果　CT显示椎体、附件骨折 ,椎管狭窄 ,后移骨片优于MRI。MRI显示韧带、椎间盘的损伤、撕裂及脊髓损伤受压优于CT。结论　CT、MRI二者结合 ,可详尽反映爆裂骨折的各种损伤情况 ,对决定外科手术方式有重要作用     

脊柱骨巨细胞瘤的影像学表现及临床意义

目的分析脊柱骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的影像学表现及临床意义。方法回顾性分析本院收治由病理证实的脊柱GCT30例(男13例,女17例,年龄17~69岁,平均32.6岁)。所有病例拍摄病变节段X线正侧位片,22例行CT检查,16例有MRI检查。结果发生于颈椎1例,胸椎10例,腰椎6例,骶椎13例,其中术后复发7例,肺转移1例。X线平片表现为侵袭性溶骨破坏及椎体压缩改变;CT主要表现为膨胀性溶骨性破坏和较大软组织肿块;其MRI表现T1WI多为低等信号;T2WI为高低混杂信号特点。结论结合X线平片、CT、MRI等影像检查可对脊柱GCT做出明确诊断。CT和MRI可提供更多信息,对临床分期、手术方案制订及术后评估有重要价值。     

MRI of acute spinal epidural hematomas.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to determine the MR findings that characterize acute spinal epidural hematomas (ASEHs). METHOD: The MR findings of 17 patients with ASEH (9 cervical, 7 thoracic, and 2 lumbar) were reviewed. Fifteen of the hematomas were secondary to trauma and two were spontaneous. Correlation with CT (8 cases) and surgical findings (11 cases) was also performed. RESULTS: Imaging findings in ASEH were the following: (a) a variable signal intensity (on T1-weighted images, 10 showed isointensity to cord and 7 were slightly hyperintense; T2-weighted images showed hyperintensity with areas of hypointensity); (b) capping of epidural fat; (c) direct continuity with the adjacent osseous structures; (d) compression of epidural fat, subarachnoid sac, and spinal cord; (e) usually posterolateral location in the spinal canal. CONCLUSION: Epidural hematomas in the spinal canal are lesions capable of producing sudden spinal cord and/or cauda equina compression. MR provides characteristic findings that allow a prompt diagnosis of acute epidural hematomas.     

汶川特大地震伤员影像表现初步总结

目的 分析汶川特大地震中伤员的损伤类型和影像表现.方法 回顾分析自2008年5月13日至5月19日间在绵阳市中心医院放射科检查的1013例地震伤员的影像资料,包括x线平片854例(约2900处检查部位)和CT检查259例(约300处检查部位).结果 733例伤员可见影像表现异常,总阳性率约为72.4%,其中单区域损伤为527例(52.0%),多区域损伤为206例(20.3%).按发生率高低排列,依次为下肢骨折、脱位288例(28.4%)、胸部损伤151例(14.9%)、上肢骨折、脱位136例(13.4%)、脊柱骨折133例(13.1%)、骨盆骨折和(或)脱位114例(11.3%)、颅脑损伤88例(8.7%)、颌面骨折25例(2.5%)及腹部损伤8例(0.1%).在胸部损伤中,肋骨骨折136例,肺部损伤59例,胸骨骨折3例.脊柱骨折中,累及颈椎12例、胸椎43例、腰椎93例、骶尾椎12例.颅脑损伤中,颅骨骨折41例,脑内异常72例.腹部损伤则包括4例小肠梗阻、3例肾挫伤和1例腹壁血肿.结论 地震可造成全身多区域损伤,尤以下肢骨折脱位最为多见.     

32层螺旋CT三维重组在胸部外伤诊断中的价值

目的探讨32层螺旋CT三维重建在胸部外伤诊断中的临床应用。方法搜集112例胸部外伤的病例,全部病例均行X线摄片及32层螺旋CT扫描,并以1.25mm层厚行多平面容积重组(MPR)及容积再现法(VR)图像后处理,观察分析骨折的位置、数量及邻近组织、脏器的情况。结果在112例病例中,检查发现肋骨骨折98例,胸腰椎压缩骨折2例,胸骨骨折11例,胸椎棘突骨折3例,肩胛骨骨折16例。X线平片共发现肋骨骨折82例,胸骨骨折4例,肩胛骨骨折3例,肺挫伤21例,血气胸2例。结论 32层螺旋CT三维重组及图像后处理技术的联合应用,能对胸部外伤患者作出快速、准确的诊断,对判断胸部外伤骨折及邻近组织、脏器损伤,指导临床医生对患者进行及时、有效的救治,有较高的临床应用价值。     

椎管内血肿的影像学表现

目的探讨椎管内血肿的CT及MRI表现特点,提高椎管内血肿CT及MRI表现的认识。方法回顾分析18例经手术及临床治疗随访复查证实的椎管内血肿的CT及MRI表现。18例患者均常规CT、MR平扫,其中2例MR增强扫描。使用GE公司Lightspeed16CT扫描仪,及Phillip1．5TAcheive超导MR扫描仪,2例MR增强扫描采用钆喷酸葡甲胺（Gd—DTPA）对比剂经静脉团注,注射剂0．1mmol/kg。结果颈胸段3例,胸段5例,胸腰段6例,腰段4例;位于脊髓背侧方14例,脊髓两侧2例、腹侧2例。硬膜外血肿11例,硬膜下血肿6例,硬膜外血肿并蛛网膜下腔内积血1例。CT表现为高密度或等密度,MRI分别呈长T1长T2信号、长T-短Tz信号、等T1短T2信号及短T1长T2信号,其中2例MR增强扫描,1例边缘强化,1例未见强化。结论椎管内血肿的CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,对其定性定位诊断及鉴别诊断有着重要的价值。