便携式医疗检测掌上系统设计

目的:以单片机技术为核心设计一个低功耗、小型化的人体信号检测系统,为家庭监护设备提供一种可行的方案。方法:系统以MSP430F149为控制核心,能够实现数据实时采集与处理、数据存储、液晶显示和报警,以及键盘输入、USB通讯、上位机回放、处理等功能。结果:系统可实现生理、生化参数监测并上传到上位机。结论:该设计可为动态心电、血压等多参数人体信号的便携式检测建立一个软硬件的系统平台,实用性好。     

穿戴式人体热、冷应激实时监测系统的研究

为开展热、冷应激状态下的人体作业效能评估的研究,避免肌体应激损伤,研制一种能够实时、连续、动态监测人体多个生理参数的穿戴式生理监测系统———智能胸带系统,使其具备可多人组网、高度集成一体、环境适应性强、穿戴舒适、动态实时等特性。本系统采用传感胸带和弹性附带实现人体生理参数的获取,采用WIFI实现多人无线组网监测,采用Delphi开发基于PC机的数据处理软件,实现多人生理数据的实时显示、存储、处理、报警。通过对6名受试者进行4种不同运动强度的试验,并与标准实验室人体生理采集设备进行对比分析,证明本系统能够准确检测心电(ECG)、呼吸、多路体温、体动等生理参数,系统工作稳定、可靠。穿戴式人体热、冷应激实时监测系统能够从根本上解决我国目前面临的人体热、冷应激监测技术不足的问题,为开展真实作业或应激环境下人体热、冷应激的监测和评价提供了新方法和新途径,为开展人体工效学研究提供了技术平台。     

构建基于正常人心脏解剖及影像数据的动态心脏模型

目的　构建基于正常心脏数据的三维动态心脏模型。 方法　采集正常成人心脏数据,通过Microsoft Visual C++和3DMax软件重建生成心脏三维模型,并将正常心电图与之整合,同步显示心脏运动。 结果　建立了数字化心脏可视动态模型,能够反映心脏三维形状和内腔结构,并可与心电图同步运动。 结论　动态心脏模型能够为心脏结构与运动的教学及疾病分析提供可视化的数值仿真平台。     

一种新型多普勒血流仪的研制

目的 研制一种具有数据采集、存储、传输、显示及声音辅助诊断功能,可以面向社区和家庭应用的便携式多普勒血流仪.方法 基于多普勒测量血流原理,以STM32微处理器为核心,采用定向型正交相位解调法获取多普勒频移信号,通过电源模块、数据采集模块、USB模块、按键模块、数据存储模块、音频处理模块、液晶显示模块、网络收发模块等外围电路,结合PC构成一个完整的血流检测系统.结果 该血流仪能够实现对患者血流数据的采集、处理、存储、传输,可实时显示脉率、诊听血流声音及输出双向血流频移波形和血流速度波形,可用于糖尿病足的诊断.结论 该血流仪使用方便,通过血流声音、血流速度波形、频移波形和脉率等反映血流特征的信息,进行糖尿病足等与血流相关慢性病的早期检测.     

基于STM32的数字血氧饱和度检测系统设计

目的：血氧饱和度指血液中氧合血红蛋白占总血红蛋白的比例,直接反映人体的氧代谢状况,是医学监护的重要指标。本文以嵌入式ARM系统为核心,设计出一个低功耗、低成本和高精度的血氧饱和度检测系统。它充分利用嵌入式处理器丰富的片上外设的优势,对血氧饱和度参数进行采集、分析和显示处理,整体设计方案可为家庭监护产品设计提供依据。方法：本文以STM32F103C8T6芯片作为核心处理器,采用IAR EWARM的软件开发平台,实现血氧饱和度系统的设计。硬件设计方面,采用芯片的内部时钟进行光电信号的驱动,并用其内部定时器实现信号的采样。信号处理方面,设计出自适应的参数训练算法,提高血氧值计算的有效性。结果：系统可实现信号采集、信号处理、实时显示、报警、数据存储、自动断电、实时时钟等功能。数字化血氧探头的设计,可有效减少模拟电路处理,降低电路噪声的影响。结论：实现了数字血氧饱和度检测设备的软硬件设计,通过模拟设备检测证明,该系统具有精确度高、重复性好等优点,实用性强。     

动态心电数据压缩的新算法

本文采用神经网络理论研究动态心电数据压缩算法，分析了该算法在实际应用中遇到的困难和问题，提出了多项改进措施，为实现在固态记录器中真正实时存储２４小时动态心电图全部数据，探索一种切实可行的途径     

一种无创脉搏波检测分析系统的研制

研制了一套无创脉搏信号检测分析系统，系统采用生理压力传感器同时采集两路脉搏波信号，实现了脉搏波信号的实时采集、存储、动态显示、波形波速度分析和诊断报告的打印，能够较全面的评价心血管系统的功能。该系统采用单片机与计算机结合的设计方式，同时具有单片机小型化、便携的特点和计算机强大的数据存储、分析、处理的能力。初步临床实验表明，该系统操作方便，稳定性好，检测的可重复性较好。     

穿戴式心电及心振信号监测系统的研制

目的 心脏的电活动及机械活动对于研究心脏的生理功能和病理改变具有重要作用,为此本研究研制了一套心电(electrocardiogram,ECG)及心振(seismocardiogram,SCG)信号同步监测系统。方法 采用单导联方式进行心电检测,通过测量胸廓皮肤表面的三轴线加速度和三轴角速度来获取心振信号,以ARM Cotex-M3内核的低功耗微处理器STM32作为主控芯片将数据存储至SD卡,或通过低功耗蓝牙将采集的数据发送至手机端上位机并进行数据处理及波形显示。结果 对人体进行测量以获取ECG及SCG信号,结果表明系统能够实时采集、传输、显示具有较高信噪比的心电和心振信号,并能实现信号的长期离线记录。结论 该系统具有便携、操作简单的特点,能够长期稳定工作,为下一步分析心脏的电活动与机械活动之间的耦联关系奠定了基础。     

PC ECG的原理和特点

ＰＣ ＥＣＧ就是通过安装相应的硬件的软件，将计算机扩展成的心电图机，它利用计算机来实现对心电图的记录和分析。 ＰＣ ＥＣＧ不仅能实现常规心电图机的心电图描记功能，而且能实时观察和储存同步十二导心电波形，并记录的心电信号进行编辑、自动测量、波形分析入诊断、报告打印、数据储存和远程传输。利用数据库的管理功能，可对大量的心电数据进行分析比较和统计，为心电图的研究创造了更好的条件。     

基于USB接口与Windows XP操作系统的多参数监护仪的设计

目的探讨USB接口技术在多参数监护仪的设计中的应用。方法根据USB接口可即插即用并能提供一定电流的特点,应用高集成数据采集芯片ADμC812和数字化技术,设计高性价比、小型化、低功耗的监护参数信号采集和数据处理功能模块;采用USB转UART的单芯片桥接器技术CP2101,硬件实现USB,把所有检测模块的数据实时传送到PC主机。软件整体设计采用C 面向对象的编程及复用技术,充分利用MFC的框架,控制USB接口并从USB接收数据,利用PC强大的计算和数据存储功能及良好的人机界面,实现监护参数的实时采集、连续显示及波形分析。结果多参数监护系统具有监护心电、呼吸、血氧饱和度和体温等生理参数的功能。测量模块集成了心电、血氧饱和度、呼吸、体温测量电路,实现了参数的数值采集、控制和通讯功能。模块小型低功耗设计,满足USB供电不大于500 mA的要求,实现即插即用。用户程序自动识别测量模块、发出测量启动命令并接收USB接口传来的数据,测量数据以波形和数值的形式在计算机上显示出来,形成监护功能。系统具有病人信息和监护参数设置功能,可存储监护数据,可打印心电、血氧饱和度、呼吸的波形和心率、血氧饱和度、体温、呼吸率的趋势图,具有静态和动态回放、演示等功能。结论测量模块体积小,质量轻,非常便于携带,既适合医生出诊使用,也适用于手术室或重症监护。无需外接电源,插入计算机的USB接口,直接使用,实现了即插即用的功能。软件系统的可移植性,增加了监护仪应用的灵活性。由于监护系统具有数据存储与实时回放功能,所以也可用于临床分析与研究工作。     

A wearable real-time telemonitoring electrocardiogram device compared with traditional Holter monitoring

Arrhythmias are very common in the healthy populations as well as patients with cardiovascular diseases. Among them, atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignant ventricular arrhythmias are usually associated with some clinical events. Early diagnosis of arrhythmias, particularly AF and ventricular arrhythmias, is very important for the treatment and prognosis of patients. Holter is a gold standard commonly recommended for noninvasive detection of paroxysmal arrhythmia. However, it has some shortcomings such as fixed detection timings, delayed report and inability of remote real-time detection. To deal with such problems, we designed and applied a new wearable 72-hour triple-lead H3-electrocardiogram (ECG) device with a remote cloud-based ECG platform and an expert-supporting system. In this study, 31 patients were recruited and 24-hour synchronous ECG data by H3-ECG and Holter were recorded. In the H3-ECG group, ECG signals were transmitted using remote real-time modes, and confirmed reports were made by doctors in the remote expert-supporting system, while the traditional modes and detection systems were used in the Holter group. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in 24-hour total heart rate (HR), averaged HR, maximum HR, minimum HR, premature atrial complexes (PACs) and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) (P>0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of capture and remote automatic cardiac events detection of PACs, PVCs, and AF by H3-ECG were 93% and 99%, 98% and 99%, 94% and 98%, respectively. Therefore, the long-term limb triple-lead H3-ECG device can be utilized for domiciliary ECG self-monitoring and remote management of patients with common arrhythmia under medical supervision.     

不同运动速率下心率检测算法效果评估

心脑血管疾病对人类健康的威胁日益严重，实时心率的检测与过快心率预警愈加重要。但现有的穿戴式心电研究及心率检测算法，主要应用于临床数据及静息状态数据，针对运动状态的相关研究并不全面。使用穿戴式心电衣与惯性导航仪器相结合的方式，选取5名志愿者进行实验，获取共433段实时数据，以手动标注结果为真值，对速度与心率进行相关性分析。同时，将实验数据以1.5 m/s为分界点分块，选取如下5种QRS检测算法，原始Pan & Tompkins算法、Hamilton & Tompkins算法、JQRS算法、Sixth-power算法、DOM算法，分别进行在低速与高速区间上的心率检测，对检测误差进行对比。结果表明，速度和心率存在正相关关系，5种算法中，DOM算法的心率检测准确率最高，适宜于穿戴式运动心电相关领域应用，Sixth-power算法检测结果最差。     

The Ballistocardiogram Signal Monitoring System Based on the GSM Network

Ballistocardiogram signal monitoring system based on GSM network was put forward in this paper. The system included a BCG signal acquisition module, a data processing module, a display module and a GSM module. The STM32F103 VB microprocessor was used as the controlling core of the signal acquisition module. BCG signal acquisition, amplification, filtering and A/D conversion were completed by the resistance strain sensor and high precision A/D conversion chip of TM7708; VB6.0software was used to realize the BCG signal analysis and processing; the SD card and LCD completed data storage and waveform display; the BCG data remote transmission and alarm function were realized through the GSM module. The system cannot only real-time monitor the changes of heart rate of patients by non-contact means, and can process data automatically, timely detection of arrhythmia and automatic alarm. The system is particularly suitable for heart disease patients receiving long-term home care; therefore, it has a broad application prospect.     

基于PDA的嵌入式ECG监护分析仪

目的为了方便快捷地实时监测心律失常,设计一种基于PDA的嵌入式ECG监护分析仪。方法仪器功能包括低功耗MSP430系列单片机控制心电信号的采集、放大、滤波、转换和在PDA上实时显示、存储和分析,并实现心电数据的远程传输。对仪器工作原理进行分析,把监护分析仪总体结构划分为子模块,并具体介绍各子模块的功能与实现。结果与结论与医院现有的三导全自动心电图机、Holter动态心电图机进行对照,本监护分析仪携带方便、操作简单、接收的心电信号无失真,连续工作时间大于20h等。各高频干扰信号对ECG信号无影响;软件可对心电信号进行实时显示,可连续记录15h的原始心电数据。     

先天性心脏病筛查系统设计

为提高医生筛查先天性心脏病的效率,设计一款基于卷积神经网络的先天性心脏病筛查系统。系统以软硬协同的方式实现心音、心电等生理参数的实时同步采集以及可视化和定量化分析。系统包含上下位机,下位机以FPGA为核心实现心音心电数据采集以及小波阈值去噪等预处理,上位机在Windows系统环境下以Python编程语言实现二阶谱特征提取、卷积神经网络二分类识别以及用户界面可视化显示。最终,系统对200名志愿者进行测试,准确率达到94.5%,特异度为95.9%,敏感度为93.2%。结果表明系统具有良好的表现,可以为临床先心病筛查提供有效的辅助。     

基于虚拟仪器的12导同步心电信号采集系统

本文介绍了一种基于虚拟仪器的12导同步心电信号采集系统的研制方法.硬件由笔记本电脑、同步心电放大器、12位数据采集卡组成,程序用虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI编写,界面模拟实际的采样仪器,可以设置采样参数、登记病例信息、采集时实时显示心电波形并将数据存盘.应用此系统,采集正常30例、异常150例心电数据存入心电数据库,效果良好.     

Recording of ECG signals on a portable MiniDisc recorder for time and frequency domain heart rate variability analysis

Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technique useful for investigating autonomic function in both humans and animals. It has been used for research into both behaviour and physiology. Commercial systems for human HRV analysis are expensive and may not have sufficient flexibility for appropriate analysis in animals. Some heart rate monitors have the facility to provide inter-beat interval (IBI), but verification following collection is not possible as only IBIs are recorded, and not the raw electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Computer-based data acquisition and analysis systems such as Po-Ne-Mah and Biopac offer greater flexibility and control but have limited portability. Many laboratories and veterinary surgeons have access to ECG machines but do not have equipment to record ECG signals for further analysis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether suitable HRV data could be obtained from ECG signals recorded onto a MiniDisc (MD) and subsequently digitised and analysed using a commercial data acquisition and analysis package. ECG signals were obtained from six Thoroughbred horses by telemetry. A split BNC connecter was used to allow simultaneous digitisation of analogue output from the ECG receiver unit by a computerised data acquisition system (Po-Ne-Mah) and MiniDisc player (MZ-N710, Sony). Following recording, data were played back from the MiniDisc into the same input channel of the data acquisition system as previously used to record the direct ECG. All data were digitised at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. IBI data were analysed in both time and frequency domains and comparisons between direct recorded and MiniDisc data were made using Bland-Altman analysis. Despite some changes in ECG morphology due to loss of low frequency content (primarily below 5 Hz) following MiniDisc recording, there was minimal difference in IBI or time or frequency domain analysis between the two recording methods. The MiniDisc offers a cost-effective approach to intermediate recording of ECG signals for subsequent HRV analysis and also provides greater flexibility than use of human Holter systems.     

基于Labview大鼠心电信号采集及实时RR间期检测

目的 大鼠心电信号采集目前依赖于生理信号采集系统,其采样频率低,且无法进行软件算法的内部改造,不利于实验使用.本文设计了高精度大鼠心电信号采集系统以实现RR间期实时检测.方法 采用AD620设计心电信号采集电路,信号经USB-6008进行A/D转换后送入PC机,通过Labview编程完成滤波、预处理及显示.然后,通过Labview与Matlab混合编程,采用模板匹配方法实现RR间期实时检测.最后,随机选取10只大鼠心电数据进行离线分析,以阈值法作为对照检验RR间期实时检测的准确性.结果 阈值法检出率96.62%,模板匹配法检出率99.16%.结论 通过硬件与软件结合的方法能够获得高精度的大鼠心电信号.通过Labview与Matlab混合编程,采用模板匹配法能够实现RR间期实时检测,且检测准确性较高,为进一步的实验研究提供了基础.     

Implementation and application of real-time motion analysis based on passive markers

A method for real-time motion analysis based on passive markers is presented. An opto-electronic automatic motion analyser was used as hardware platform and the real-time operation was based on the interfacing between two levels of the system architecture. True real-time acquisition, processing and representation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional kinematics data were implemented through a newly conceived data acquisition procedure and high speed optimisation of the kinematics data processing. The method allows one to operate the motion analysis system in real-time; even when the data elaboration unit is required to perform other processing functions, the only consequence is a decrease in system sampling rate. The maximum number of processed and ploted markers in three dimensions at the highest system sampling rate (100 Hz) turned out to be suitable for the implementation of analytical and visual kinematics biofeedback. An example of the achievable level of complexity in terms of marker disposition model and graphic representation is reported by describing a demonstration of the real-time representation of human face movements. A clinical application of the method for patient position definition and control at radiotherapy units is presented.     

一种基于胸阻抗法的心功能无创检测分析仪

目的为了经济、快捷、全面地实现心功能的无创检测,基于胸阻抗法成功研发了一种心功能无创检测分析仪,可方便地实现胸阻抗信号、心电信号、心音信号的同步检测分析,从而实现对患者心功能的无创综合评价。该方法无毒无创,操作简单,完全可以实现家用化普及。方法本文首先描述了系统的硬件模块构成,说明了胸阻抗信号的采集过程。其次,使用FPGA芯片与DDS芯片构成系统的控制与信号发生核心,指出了恒流源的精度等性能指标。再次,指出了胸阻抗信号处理的要点,运用互感原理实现干扰信号的隔离。最后,介绍了仪器软件功能,并展示了仪器软件实测结果。结果通过临床试验,对胸阻抗法与超声多普勒法检测的数据结果进行t检验,结果表明二者具有一致性。结论由于采用了先进的特征点判别方法,该设备具有较高的临床检测精度和较好的临床适用性,可满足临床心功能无创检测和评估的要求。