上海市某郊区学校儿童肺功能测定结果分析

[目的]了解上海市某郊区学校儿童的肺功能基本情况. [方法]对上海市某郊区小学的3～5年级学生进行肺功能检查. [结果]男女生肺功能主要指标如用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力肺活量(FEV1.0)、峰值呼气流速(PEF)、用力呼气中段流速(FEF2575)、用力呼出25％肺活量的呼吸流速(FEF25％)、用力呼出50％肺活量的呼吸流速(FEF50％)、用力呼出75％肺活量的呼吸流速(FEF75％)等与身高、体重和年龄均呈密切正相关,且与身高的关系最为密切;男生FVC、FEV1.0、PEF、FEF25％高于女生;有17.9％者显示肺通气功能受损,另有6.6％者可能发生早期小气道病变.[结论]肺功能测定是儿童呼吸系统的重要检测手段;儿童肺功能检测中,小气道指标对肺功能早期改变的意义尤其重要.     

陶瓷作业工人肺功能测试结果分析

目的了解陶瓷作业工人肺功能损害的情况,为预防尘肺病发生提供依据。方法选择某陶瓷厂200名接尘工人,平均年龄为（32.31±8.25）岁,另选取非接尘工人50名为对照组,平均年龄为（34.88±9.75）岁,采用意大利的spirolabII型的肺功能仪,测试的项目包括肺活量（VC）、用力呼吸肺活量（FVC）、第1s用力呼气量（FEV1）、一秒率（FEV1%）、最大呼气中段流速（FEF25-75）、最大呼气25%、50%、75%肺活量时流量（FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%）;应用SPSS13.0统计软件统计分析。结果接尘组的肺功能指标FEV1、FEV1%、FEF25-75、FEF50%、FEF75%明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;接尘工龄在10年～、15年～、20年～组的工人肺功能指标中VC、FVC、FEF25-75、FEF50%、FEF75%的测试均值明显低于接尘工龄〈5年组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论陶瓷粉尘对作业工人的肺功能有损害作用,且随着接尘工龄的增加肺功能受损害程度增加。     

肺功能检查在小儿支气管哮喘中的诊断价值分析

目的：探讨肺功能检测仪对小儿支气管哮喘肺功能检查的诊断价值。方法：择取2020年4月～2021年4月佛山市高明区人民医院收治的40例小儿支气管哮喘患儿作为观察组,选择同一时期来本院进行健康体检的40例小儿作为对照组,两组小儿均采用肺功能检测仪测定其用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、第一秒用力呼气量占所有呼气量的比例（FEV1/FVC）、最大呼气流量（PEF）、呼气中断流速（PEF25%）、呼吸中期瞬间流速（PEF50%）、呼吸后期瞬间流速（PEF75%）,评估发作期、缓解期及健康人群肺功能指标。结果：观察组发作期与缓解期肺功能指标（FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF、PEF25%、PEF50%、PEF75%）均低于对照组,P<0.05;发作期肺功能指标（FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF、PEF25%、PEF50%、PEF75%）均低于缓解期,P<0.05;发作期患儿小气道指标多为重度、中度损伤,大气道指标多为轻度损伤;缓解期患儿PEF25%、PEF50%、PEF75%指标仍为异常,FEV1、FEV1/FVC指标均为正常,FVC指标接近正...     

惠州市某区宝石加工作业工人肺功能测定分析

目的了解惠州市某区宝石加工作业工人的肺功能损害情况。方法 2009年7月惠阳区疾病预防控制中心对该区宝石加工厂接尘工龄1a以上的214名男工进行肺功能测定,其中切石工人127例,打磨工人87例;另选择该厂的61名非接尘男工作为对照组;并对宝石加工厂空气中粉尘浓度进行测定。结果该宝石加工厂空气中矽尘浓度超标率超过77%,最高超标为9倍。矽尘中游离SiO2含量平均为47.29%。接尘组肺通气功能的异常率显著高于对照组(P0.01),用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1.0)、第1秒用力肺活量与用力肺活量之比(FEV1.0/FVC)、肺活量(VC)、最大呼气中期流速(FEF25-75)、最大呼气25%、50%、75%肺活量时流量(FEF25、FEF50、FEF75)均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论该宝石加工作业粉尘可致工人肺功能一定程度的损伤,应做好预防工作。     

某市灯饰加工工业接尘工人肺功能测定分析

目的了解某市灯饰加工工业接尘工人的肺功能损害情况。方法对某市某镇15家灯饰加工厂接尘工龄1年以上的300名男工进行肺功能测定,另选择该镇的150名非接尘男工作为对照组;并对灯饰加工厂进行粉尘测定。结果15家灯饰加工厂铝尘、矽尘浓度超标率分别为53.33%和86.67%,最高超标分别为2.2倍和16.0倍。矽尘中游离SiO2含量平均96.44%。接尘组肺通气功能的异常率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1.0)、第1秒用力肺活量与用力肺活量之比(FEV1.0/FVC)、肺活量(VC)、最大呼气中期流速(FEF25-75)、最大呼气25%、50%、75%肺活量时流量(FEF25、FEF50、FEF75)均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。肺通气功能随着接尘工龄的延长而降低(P<0.01)。结论灯饰加工工业粉尘可致接尘工人肺功能一定程度的损伤,应做好预防工作。     

人造宝石工矽肺肺功能测定分析

目的了解人造宝石工矽肺患者的肺通气功能受损情况及探讨与天然宝石工矽肺患者的肺功能差别。方法对人造宝石工矽肺Ⅰ期57例、天然宝石工矽肺Ⅰ期45例和50名对照组分别进行肺功能测定,同时对作业场所进行职业卫生调查。结果两种宝石厂生产环境中粉尘浓度高,超标率严重(人造宝石超标率为72.73%,天然宝石超标率为80.00%),人造宝石加工粉尘中游离S iO2的含量(平均为44.85%)明显低于天然宝石粉尘中(平均为90.07%);肺通气功能测定显示人造宝石工矽肺患者肺活量(VC)、用力呼吸肺活量(FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、25%~75%肺活量用力呼气流量(FEF25-75)、50%肺活量用力呼气流量(FEF50)、75%肺活量用力呼气流量(FEF75)明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),VC、FVC、FEV1、1秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)、PEF显著高于天然宝石工矽肺(P<0.05或P<0.01),肺通气功能异常率高于对照组(P<0.05)低于天然宝石工矽肺组(P<0.01)。结论人造宝石工矽肺患者肺功能损伤明显,但其损伤程度比天然宝石工矽肺轻。     

三明市区9～11岁小学生肺功能调查分析

目的了解三明市区9~11岁小学生的肺功能情况,并对相关影响因素进行分析。方法选取三明市三元区和梅列区两所小学634名9~11岁健康小学生进行肺功能检测分析。结果 634名学生中,男生246人,女生288人。9岁、11岁组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)、25%肺活量时的最大呼气流速(FEF25%)、75%肺活量时的最大呼气流速(FEF75%),男生均高于女生;10岁组FEF75%女生高于男生,FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%和FEF75%男女生差异无统计学意义。FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%、FEF75%与年龄、身高、体重呈正相关,FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%与性别呈负相关。结论三明市区9~11岁小学生肺功能指标受年龄、身高、体重和性别的影响,但影响因素不完全相同。     

安阳市城区500例6~13岁儿童肺功能与生长发育指标的关系分析

目的探讨安阳市城区儿童肺功能与生长发育指标的关系。方法按简单随机抽样法,抽取学校500名6~13岁健康儿童,其中男295例,女205例,检测其肺功能主要指标:呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、以及用力呼气流量(FEF),分别取25%、50%、75%肺活量的呼气流速。Pearson相关性分析不同性别儿童肺功能与身高、年龄、体重的关系;且经由多重线性回归分析生长发育指标对肺功能的影响。结果男生FVC显著高于女生,FEF25%低于女生(P<0.05);儿童肺功能主要指标PEF、FEV1、FVC、FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%均与年龄、身高、体重呈正相关(P<0.05);身高对儿童肺功能主要指标均有影响,且较体重和年龄影响大;体重对FVC、FEV1、PEF影响较大,年龄对FEF50%和FEF75%影响较大。结论身高对儿童肺功能影响最大,年龄、体重其次。     

135例吸烟患者肺功能检查的临床分析

目的 探讨吸烟对检查对象肺功能的影响,总结其规律性,寻求可能的干预方法.方法 选择2010年1～12月到笔者所在医院体检的研究对象共255例.吸烟组135例,非吸烟组120例.按常规检查肺功能,检查第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC、最大呼气中期流速（MMEF）、75%、50%、25%肺活量位的最大呼气流速（MEF75、MEF50、MEF25）、呼气峰流速（PEF）.结果 反映肺功能的指标FEV1、FEV1/FVC、MMEF、PEF、MEF50等在吸烟组明显下降,两组比较第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC、最大呼气中期流速（MMEF）、75%、50%、25%肺活量位的最大呼气流速（MEF75、MEF50、MEF25）、呼气峰流速（PEF）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 吸烟者在尚无临床症状时,其肺通气功能已明显下降,肺功能的变化受吸烟影响,较长期大量吸烟的人的肺功能的减退尤为明显.     

支气管舒张试验在儿童哮喘不同时期中的临床应用

目的 探讨支气管舒张试验在儿童哮喘急性发作期和缓解期中的应用价值.方法 2007年3月至2009年6月住院治疗的儿童哮喘病例48例,在规范治疗的同时,分别检测哮喘急性发作期与缓解期的常规通气肺功能及在支气管舒张试验前后肺功能的变化.结果 急性发作期和缓解期第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、呼出肺活量25%时的用力呼气流速(FEF25)、呼出肺活量50%时的用力呼气流速(FEF50)、呼出肺活量75%时的用力呼气流速(FEF75)支气管舒张试验后均较试验前明显改善(P＜0.01),其中急性发作期FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF、FEF25较缓解期改善明显[(17.08±8.14)%比(5.29±4.82)%、(16.73±8.31)%比(5.12±6.83)%、(15.52±9.22)%比(7.68±4.33)%、(30.72±21.92)%比(9.24±5.14)%,P＜0.01].急性发作期FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF、FEF25支气管舒张试验阳性率高于缓解期,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 哮喘急性发作期儿童待病情进入缓解期后,反映小气道功能指标(FEF50、FEF75)的改善仍需要较长时间.支气管舒张试验中FEF50、FEF75的改善率对哮喘缓解期儿童的诊断和疗效判断有一定的应用价值.     

某陶瓷企业接尘工人肺功能分析

目的 了解某陶瓷企业粉尘对工人肺功能的影响，为尘肺防治提供科学依据。方法对147例陶瓷生产工人和50名对照组分别进行肺功能测定。结果 肺通气功能测定显示暴露工龄5a～组和10a～组VC、FVC、PEF、FEF 75％明显低于对照组，10a～组FEV，低于其他3组，暴露组FEF25-75、FEF25%。明显低于对照组。暴露组肺通气功能和小气道通气功能异常率高于对照组，其中10a～组与对照组的差异有统计学意义。结论 粉尘对该企业接尘工人的肺功能有危害，且随着工龄增加损伤程度加重。     

A longitudinal study of lung function in jute processing workers.

A 5-y follow-up study of pulmonary function was conducted in 1982 and in 1987 for 50 current and retired jute-processing workers who had been employed for more than 10 y in a jute mill in China. Control subjects, who had no history of dust or gas exposure, were selected from a paper-packing plant in the same city. Forced expiratory maneuvers were conducted in the same manner in both 1982 and 1987. The jute workers' pulmonary functions, i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%), were more compromised than were pulmonary functions in the controls for the same 5-y period; however, only the increased incidence of abnormal FEV1.0s in jute workers was statistically significant. Male jute workers had significantly higher annual decrements of FVC, FEV1.0, and FEF25-75% than did control workers. Regression analysis indicated that in 1987, predicted values of FEV1.0 and FEF25-75% for the jute workers were related to years of employment. Our results suggest that long-term exposure to jute dust could produce chronic loss of lung function.     

Obstructive pulmonary function defects among Taiwanese firebrick workers in a 2-year follow-up study.

The purpose of the study was to follow up an earlier observation of pulmonary function among workers employed in firebrick-manufacturing factories. A 2-year follow-up study of pulmonary function among 442 workers in 30 firebrick-manufacturing factories was designed. Excluding 79 workers with a history of other occupational dust exposure, changes in pulmonary function of 291 firebrick workers were compared with pulmonary function in 72 control subjects over a period of 2 years. Baseline pulmonary function values (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity has been expelled [FEF50%] in smoking firebrick workers, and FEV1/FVC and FEF75% in nonsmoking firebrick workers) were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. The statistical method for repeated measurements was used for comparison of the difference between follow-up and baseline lung function. There was no significant difference in FVC and FEV1 changes between firebrick workers and those in the comparison group during the 2-year follow-up period. The decreases in FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal midexpiratory flow, and FEF50% in the firebrick workers were significantly greater than in the comparison group, after adjustment for smoking status. The FEV1, maximal midexpiratory flow, FEF50%, and FEF75% also showed a dose-response relationship with job titles. The decrement of pulmonary function in the 2-year follow-up period was the worst in burning work, followed by crushing and molding. The results show that workers in firebrick-manufacturing factories with exposure to silica-containing dusts may contract obstructive pulmonary function defects.     

某煤矿掘砌工人肺通气功能分析

[目的]了解煤矿掘砌工人肺通气功能损伤情况,探讨接尘工龄对肺功能的影响。[方法]。选取某煤矿纯掘砌工（纯掘砌作业工人）221名作为接尘组,选取该矿83名非接尘工人作为对照。行统一的体检和肺功能测定。测定结果均采用相对值,运用卡方检验、协方差分析进行统计学处理。[结果]接尘组非吸烟工人肺通气功能异常率与对照组差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而接尘组吸烟工人肺通气功能异常率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。Mantel—Haenszel妒分析显示接尘组肺通气功能异常率高与对照组（P〈0．05）。以吸烟作为协变量,协方差分析结果显示,接尘组的用力肺活量、第一秒用力呼出量、呼气高峰流量、用力肺活量最大值、第一秒用力呼出量最大值明显低于对照组（尸〈0．05）。以吸烟为协变量,协方差分析结果显示,接尘组30年一工龄组呼气高峰流量和25％肺活量最大呼气流量明显低于10年～工龄组和20年～工龄组。以吸烟为分层因素,接尘组与对照组以及接尘组不同工龄间慢性阻塞性肺疾患患者分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]掘砌作业工人肺通气功能明显低于对照组并随接尘工龄延长而降低。肺通气功能检测可以作为监测接尘作业工人肺部损失的指标。     

支气管舒张试验在6至14岁儿童哮喘中的应用

目的探讨支气管舒张试验在儿童哮喘急性发作期和缓解期中的应用价值。方法2006年4月至2006年11月在本院儿科哮喘专科门诊及住院治疗的儿童哮喘病例76例。其中，急性发作期组34例，缓解期组42例，以沙丁胺醇作为支气管舒张剂，用常规肺通气功能分析儿童哮喘发作期与缓解期吸入药物前、后肺功能的变化。结果①吸入支气管舒张剂后，儿童哮喘急性发作期和缓解期的肺功能各项指标明显改善；②两组FEV1，PEF，FEF21改善率比较，差异有显著意义；③两组FEV1，PEF，FEF21的阳性率比较，差异有显著意义；但两组FEV1／FVC，FEF50，FEF75的阳性率比较，差异无显著意义。结论本研究结果显示，儿童哮喘缓解期组患儿的FEV1，PEF，FEF75阳性率低于急性发作期组；儿童哮喘缓解期组患儿的FEV1／FVC，FEF50，FEF75阳性率接近急性发作期。支气管舒张试验在儿童哮喘的诊断和疗效判断中有较好的应用价值。     

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in flour processing workers in the baking industry

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity were studied in 63 flour processing male bakery workers in Umtata, Transkei, Southern Africa. The controls were from a bottling plant in the same city. Both groups were black Africans from the Xhosa-speaking population. The studied population was nonsmoking and no significant difference was noted in age, race, sex, or height between the groups. The exposed workers had significantly lower forced expiratory indices than the control group. Mean percent predicted values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced expiratory ratio (FEV₁/FVC x 100), forced mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FMF), forced expiratory flow between the first 200 ml and 1.200 ml of FVC (FEF 200-1,200), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were, respectively, 11.2%, 20.0%, 31.0%, 27.4%, and 36.1% lower in the exposed group compared with the controls. The prevalence of forced expiratory ratio less than 70% in the exposed group was 37% while in the controls it was 8%. The prevalence of PEF rate less than 5 l/s in the exposed group was 32% while in the controls it was 11%. The exposed workers reported a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms compared to the controls. The prevalence of nasal symptoms, phlegm, and cough in the exposed workers was 53.9%, 30.1%, and 25.4%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that exposure to flour dust in flour processing workers in the baking industry is associated with significantly lower pulmonary functions and a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, and that these workers show signs of airway obstruction, compared to workers not exposed to flour. Flour processing workers have a significant occupationally related respiratory impairment.     

Occupational exposure to amorphous silica dust and pulmonary function

Respiratory manifestations among 41 workers exposed to amorphous silica dust were compared with a control group comprising 90 workers of equivalent socioeconomic state in the same plant. Flow volumes were determined, blood gas concentrations were measured at rest and during exercise, chest radiographs were obtained, and data about respiratory symptoms were collected by questionnaire. A dust exposure index was calculated for each exposed worker. It was not possible to differentiate between the two groups from the questionnaire, blood gas analysis, or chest radiographs. On the other hand, the tests of respiratory function showed a significant decrease in forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75, FEF50, and FEF75) in the exposed group compared with the controls, although no correlation was found between the exposure index and pulmonary function. It appears that smoking and exposure to amorphous silica synergise to induce small airway disease.     

Occupational exposure to amorphous silica dust and pulmonary function.

Respiratory manifestations among 41 workers exposed to amorphous silica dust were compared with a control group comprising 90 workers of equivalent socioeconomic state in the same plant. Flow volumes were determined, blood gas concentrations were measured at rest and during exercise, chest radiographs were obtained, and data about respiratory symptoms were collected by questionnaire. A dust exposure index was calculated for each exposed worker. It was not possible to differentiate between the two groups from the questionnaire, blood gas analysis, or chest radiographs. On the other hand, the tests of respiratory function showed a significant decrease in forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75, FEF50, and FEF75) in the exposed group compared with the controls, although no correlation was found between the exposure index and pulmonary function. It appears that smoking and exposure to amorphous silica synergise to induce small airway disease.