低场磁共振成像对卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨低场磁共振成像(MRI)在卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤临床鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的卵巢巧克力囊肿22例,囊性畸胎瘤13例,分析各自的MRI表现特点.结果 22例巧克力囊肿术前诊断正确19例,其中3例术前诊断为囊性畸胎瘤,MRI诊断符合率86％(19/22);13例囊性畸胎瘤术前诊断正确12例,1例术前判断为巧克力囊肿,符合率92％(12/13).所有巧克力囊肿和畸胎瘤病例在SET1WI序列下均可见到病灶内高信号区.当使用短时间反转恢复序列(STIR)脂肪抑制序列时,所有高信号区可见不同程度信号减低;当使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像时,畸胎瘤内的T1WI高信号病灶在反相位图像上会出现明显信号减低区,而巧克力囊肿不会出现信号减低区.结论 卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤MRI诊断准确性较高.使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像对两者的鉴别诊断有特殊价值.     

超声诊断肝囊肿破裂1例

患者，男性，62岁，因车祸外伤半小时就诊。查体：体温36℃，心率64次／min，呼吸20次／min，血压153／93mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），表情痛苦，右上腹部压痛明显、反跳痛及肌紧张，肝脾肋下未及，双肾区无叩击痛，心肺未见异常。     

肝脓肿的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

肝脓肿临床上常见,早诊断早治疗可提高疗效.本文回顾分析了经CT检查及确诊的28例肝脓肿的CT表现,总结其特征,提高诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性.     

Differential diagnosis of asymptomatic retroperitoneal cystic lesion: a new case of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst

European Radiology -     

囊性胸腺瘤和囊性畸胎瘤的影像学特征及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨囊性胸腺瘤和囊性畸胎瘤的影像学特征, 以提高两者的诊断正确率。 方法 回顾性分析经手术后病理证实的18例囊性胸腺瘤和12例囊性畸胎瘤患者的X线及CT影像学表现, 所有患者均行X线检查和CT平扫+增强扫描。 结果 肿瘤主要局限在前上纵隔或部分延伸至前中纵隔, 而且大多数肿瘤多偏向一侧。囊性胸腺瘤有明显分叶, 肿瘤几乎囊变, 部分可见小壁结节, 邻近血管结构多受推移, 部分病灶可压迫肺组织; 部分肿瘤可继发胸部改变如胸腔积液等。畸胎瘤基本上都含有囊变, 但肿瘤内未见明显骨性及脂性成分, 肿瘤内密度不均匀, 肿瘤并不是完全囊变。 结论 囊性胸腺瘤与囊性畸胎瘤各自具有一定的病理学及影像学特征, 根据其影像特征并结合其临床表现, 能对两者进行鉴别诊断。     

肝小静脉闭塞病的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肝小静脉闭塞病(HVOD)的诊断、鉴别诊断,特别是与布-加综合征相鉴别,以提高对该疾病的认识.方法 收集2005年1月-2011年12月15例HVOD患者,所有患者均有服用中药土三七(350～1000g)史.临床表现为不同程度的肝区疼痛、肝肿大、黄疸、腹水,病程1～6个月.分析土三七所致患者的临床、影像学和病理学资料.结果 经内科药物治疗,治愈4例,好转6例,死亡5例.15例经多种影像学检查提示肝小静脉闭塞而3支肝静脉主干和下腔静脉肝段无闭塞,CT,MRI动态增强扫描显示全肝呈典型的“地图状”、斑片状增强区和低灌注区.6例病理表现为肝小静脉血管内膜急性水肿,而非血栓性阻塞、小叶扩张淤血、肝细胞坏死.结论 结合服用土三七病史和具备典型影像学表现者,应考虑为HVOD,确诊仍依靠病理活检.早期明确诊断,合理内科治疗,大多数患者预后良好.     

肝局灶性结节增生与肝血管瘤的超声鉴别诊断分析

收集2010年2月～2012年2月收治的肝局灶性结节增生与肝血管瘤患者的超声诊断资料,对二维和三维超声诊断结果进行对比分析,分别记录灰阶图像、彩色多普勒特点及PSV、RI、VI,为临床鉴别诊断肝局灶性结节增生和肝血管瘤提供依据.     

多排螺旋CT诊断肝血管瘤及肝脏肿瘤的临床价值

目的探讨CT鉴别诊断肝脏血管瘤和肝脏肿瘤在临床应用价值。方法选择68例患者按自身情况划分成Pc(原发性肝癌)组、Ml(肝脏转移瘤)组和Lh(肝血管瘤)组。对病患整个肝脏进行灌注CT检查,对比分析占位病灶实质部分、周边实质区和正常肝脏实质灌注参数(HBF、HBV、MTT、PS、HAF)。结果病变实质区参数,Pc组中HBF和HAF相比其他两组显著较高;Pc组和Lh组进行比较发现Ml组HBV显然要高;Pc组MTT相比其他两组都要短。病变周边实质区参数,Pc组和Ml组HBF相比Lh组都要显著高一些,Pc组和Ml组HAF相比Lh组要低。Ml组PS相比其他两组要更高一些。正常的肝脏实质参数,Pc组病患的MTT相比其他两组更短;Pc组HAF相比另外两个组要显著增高一些。结论使用CT灌注成像获得的参数值针对肝血管瘤和肝脏肿瘤进行鉴别诊断。     

Radiological diagnosis of hepatic tumors. Part II: Identification and differential diagnosis

Focal hepatic lesions occur in 5% of the population. The clarification of such common occurrences is of major significance because oncological diseases play an important role with respect to morbidity and mortality of the population. The first part of this review article dealt with the most important aspects of classification, epidemiology and pathology of hepatic tumors for radiologists and the current technical situation with regards to the diagnostic procedure. This second part of the review deals with the significance of radiological procedures for identification and differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors.     

Concurrent focal hepatic and splenic lesions: a pictorial guide to differential diagnosis

Although medical literature and differential diagnoses discussions tend to be organ specific, systemic diseases more commonly manifest with multi-organ involvement. Detection of dual organ involvement combined with clinical history narrows the differential to provide a more specific diagnosis. Two organs closely linked are the liver and the spleen. Many processes affect both of these organs through their common denominator, the reticuloendothelial system (RES). This pictorial essay reviews the wide spectrum of benign and malignant pathologies to be considered when computed tomography (CT) demonstrates concurrent focal disease in the liver and spleen.     

肝腺瘤多排螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 分析肝细胞腺瘤多排螺旋CT表现,提高其诊断准确性.方法 回顾性分析13例经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的肝细胞腺瘤多排螺旋CT表现.结果 9例肝细胞腺瘤平扫呈等或稍低密度影,边缘清楚.增强后9例动脉期明显均匀强化,门脉期及延迟期持续强化,1例无明显强化,始终为相对低密度影,1例呈环状强化.1例病灶较大(171 mm×109 mm),内见片状坏死和出血,增强扫描动脉期实质部分呈轻度强化,囊变坏死及出血无强化,门脉期及延迟期实质部分持续强化,且强化程度高于动脉期.另外1例有乙肝病史,增强扫描动脉期明显不均匀强化,门脉期持续强化,但强化程度有所下降.结论 多排螺旋CT平扫加三期增强扫描对肝腺瘤诊断颇具价值.     

肾上腺囊性病变的CT诊断

目的 探讨肾上腺囊性病变的CT表现,以提高肾上腺囊性病变的影像诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的14例肾上腺囊性病变的CT表现,并复习相关文献加以讨论.结果 14例均经手术切除,病理检查结果为:肾上腺囊肿5 例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤囊性变3 例,肾上腺血肿2 例,肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤1 例,肾上腺化脓性炎1 例,肾上腺神经鞘瘤囊变1 例,肾上腺节细胞神经瘤1 例.结论 CT检查中肾上腺囊性病变表现特征各有不同,有助于明确诊断,并对病变的定位、定性诊断均有重要价值.     

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic artery aneurysms

Four cases of intra- and extrahepatic aneurysms of the hepatic artery are discussed concerning the etiology, symptoms, therapy and complication rate. The diagnostic approach and problems in differential diagnosis are specified. Localization of the aneurysm and especially the relationship of the collateral circulation of the hepatic bed are essential to plan the therapy and are based on angiography. Interventional therapeutic techniques are favored for intrahepatic localization. Reconstructive or ablative surgery is indicated to treat the extrahepatic aneurysm.     

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Echographic-CT aspects and differential diagnosis

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are rare lesions. Following the Compagno-Oertel classification, we differentiated serous microcystic adenomas (SMA) from mucinous macrocystic adenomas/adenocarcinomas (MMA). The former are benign tumors with slow growth, composed by innumerable small and tiny cysts with central calcifications, resulting in a "honeycomb" pattern. They have a mixed US structure while CT densitometric values reflect a mixture of connective tissue and proteinaceous fluid. Postcontrast enhancement is frequently seen. MMA are potential (adenoma) or frankly (adenocarcinoma) malignant tumors. They appear as multilocular cystic masses containing septa and/or papillary bulges, with thickened walls. Both US and CT demonstrate their predominantly cystic character, and the eventual presence of excrescences. We report a series of 23 cases (6 SMA, 17 MMA) of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas studied during the past five years. A correct diagnosis of SMA was possible in all 6 cases, while MMA was correctly diagnosed in 17 out of 18 cases. There were no false negatives, and 1 false positive. All differential diagnoses are also discussed.     

Mixed solid and cystic acoustic neuroma: MR features and differential diagnosis

We present a very rare case of combined cystic and solid acoustic neuroma investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This case illustrates the value of MRI in the characterization of tumors in the posterior cranial fossa, particularly acoustic neuromas, and its diagnostic impact in unusual situations. The differential diagnosis of cystic and mixed lesions in the cerebellopontine angle is discussed. Offprint requests to: B. Duvoisin     

MR扩散加权成像鉴别颅内囊性病变的价值

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像（DWI）在颅内囊性病变中的鉴别诊断价值。方法对76例经临床及手术病理证实的颅内囊性病变患者，行常规MR、DWI及增强MR检查，其中脑脓肿19例，原发性脑胶质瘤20例，小脑血管母细胞瘤4例，脑转移瘤10例，蛛网膜囊肿7例，表皮样囊肿16例。回顾性分析颅内囊性病变的DWI信号特征，定量测定囊性变区表观扩散系数（ADC）值。结果DWI上19例脑脓肿呈高信号；34例脑肿瘤患者中，除3例脑胶质瘤呈高信号、1例呈等信号，1例脑转移瘤呈高信号外，其余29例均呈低信号。各种病变ADC值分别为：脑脓肿（0．62±0．15）×10^-3 mm^2／s、脑胶质瘤（2．39±0．78）×10^-3 mm^2／s、脑血管母细胞瘤（2．68±0．40）×10^-3 mm^2／s、脑转移瘤（2．79±0．79）×10^-3 mm^2／s。脑脓肿与脑胶质瘤、脑血管母细胞瘤、脑转移瘤的囊变坏死区ADC值比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；脑胶质瘤与脑血管母细胞瘤、脑转移瘤的囊变坏死区ADC值比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。7例颅内蛛网膜囊肿的DWI呈低信号；16例表皮样囊肿DWI呈明显高信号。颅内蛛网膜囊肿和表皮样囊肿的ADC值分别为（2．96±0．36）×10^-3 mm^2／s和（0．94±0．13）×10^-3 mm^2／s，二者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论DWI及ADC值对鉴别脑脓肿和囊性或坏死性脑肿瘤具有重要的价值，DWI表现为低信号的颅内囊性病变可除外脑脓肿。