反义mdr1对鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:探讨用反义技术抑制多药耐药基因1(Multidrug resistance gene 1,mdr1基因)对鼻咽癌细胞CNE放射敏感性的影响.方法:设立空白组、脂质体组(仅加入等量的脂质体)和mdr1正义寡核苷酸组作对照,用RT-PCR检测鼻咽癌细胞转染反义mdr1前后mdr1表达水平的变化.用集落形成试验检测各实验组照射后人鼻咽癌CNE细胞株的集落形成率,免疫组织化学法测定甲基鸟嘌呤甲基转移酶(Methylguanine-methyhransferase,MGMT)的表达.结果:mdr1反义寡核苷酸能有效抑制mdr1基因的表达.mdr1反义寡核苷酸 60Coγ射线照射组,其集落形成率较正义寡核苷酸组及单纯照射组明显下降,MGMT蛋白的表达也显著下调.与各对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:mdr1反义寡核苷酸通过抑制mdr1基因降低了人鼻咽癌CNE细胞放射抗性.其辐射增敏作用可能与mdr1反义寡核苷酸下调照射后鼻咽癌细胞MGMT蛋白表达有关.     

c-erbB2反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的 :探讨癌基因c -erbB2的反义寡苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法 :设立c -erbB2正义寡核苷酸组和非处理组作对照 ,用RT -PCR检测卵巢癌细胞处理前后c -erbB2表达水平的变化。用MTT法及平板克隆形成试验检测人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3在脂质体c-erbB2反义寡核苷酸作用前后受60 Coγ射线不同剂量照射后的细胞存活分数和集落形成率。结果 :c -erbB2反义寡核苷酸能抑制c-erbB2癌基因的表达 ,经脂质体介导的c-erbB2反义寡核苷酸作用的卵巢癌细胞经γ射线照射后其存活分数和集落形成率较转染正义寡核苷酸组及单纯照射组明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而转染c -erbB2正义寡核苷酸组的存活分数和集落形成率与单纯照射组相比无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :c -erbB2反义寡核苷酸通过抑制c -erbB2的表达降低人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3放射抗拒性。该作用可能与c-erbB2反义寡核苷酸抑制了引起细胞辐射抗拒的细胞信号转导途径有关。     

抑制ANGPTL4基因对舌癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:探讨利用反义技术抑制ANGPTL4基因后对舌癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及机制。方法:采用舌癌细胞Tca8113为研究对象,设ANGPTL4反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)组、ANGPTL4正义寡核苷酸(SODN)组、脂质体组以及空白对照组。转染ANGPTL4 ASODN后检测各组舌癌细胞ANGPTL4表达水平,6MV X线照射后用RT-PCR法检测ANGPTL4表达水平,集落形成试验检测舌癌细胞生长抑制率,荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡率,流式细胞仪测定Bcl-2蛋白表达。统计学处理采用单因素方差分析。结果:转染ANGPTL4 ASODN后,ASODN组ANGPTL4基因的表达被抑制,较空白对照组下降约44%,而其他三组之间无明显差异。X线照射后,ANGPTL4 ASODN组集落形成率较SODN组、脂质体组及空白对照组明显下降(F=38.782,P<0.001);凋亡率明显增加(F=156.320,P<0.001);Bcl-2蛋白表达明显下调(F=302.895,P<0.001)。结论:ANGPTL4ASODN抑制ANGPTL4基因表达后能增加舌癌细胞放射敏感性。其机制可能与ANGPTL4 ASODN下调舌癌细胞Bcl-2基因表达、增加X线照射后肿瘤细胞凋亡率有关。     

c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸转染对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的：探讨c-raf-1基因反义寡核苷酸转染对人卵巢癌SKOV，细胞增殖的抑制作用及其分子机制。方法：实验分3组：正常对照组、c-raf-1正义治疗组、c-raf-1反义治疗组。脂质体转染后不同时间分别进行MTT试验、集落形成试验、荧光显微镜检测、蛋白质荧光强度测定，以观察不同条件处理后各组细胞的增殖、凋亡、蛋白质表达有无差别。结果：反义治疗组与正义治疗组比较：转染72h OD值分别0．272与1．307（P〈0．05）；克隆形成率分别为30．6％与75．0％（P〈0．05）；凋亡率分别为19．7％与9．2％（P〈0．05），同时明显地下调P74蛋白质的表达水平（P〈0．05）。结论：c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌SKOV，细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用。     

bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H69放射敏感性的影响

目的 研究bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对人小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H69放射敏感性的影响.方法 将NCI-H69细胞培养传代,然后将细胞分为反义寡核苷酸组、正义寡核苷酸组、无义寡核苷酸组和空白对照组,通过脂质体将不同寡核苷酸导入细胞中,用Western-Blot法检测Bcl-2蛋白的表达. 采用直线加速器分别以不同剂量(0、2、4、6、8、10 Gy)X线照射4组细胞.收集照射后的细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,MTT法测定细胞存活分数.结果 Western-Blot杂交显示反义寡核苷酸组无Bcl-2蛋白表达,相对正义寡核苷酸组、无义寡核苷酸组及空白对照组Bcl-2蛋白表达明显受到抑制(F=7.24～15.31,q=5.03～7.80,P＜0.01).细胞经X线照射后,反义寡核苷酸组细胞凋亡率明显高于空白对照组,差异具有显著性(F=7.24～15.31,q=5.03～7.80,P＜0.01);正义寡核苷酸组和无义寡核苷酸组与空白对照组相比无统计学差异.4组细胞接受辐射后,反义寡核苷酸组在未照射和照射不同剂量后的存活分数均低于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=11.04～45.56,q=5.10～14.75,P＜0.01),而正义寡核苷酸和无义寡核苷酸组与空白对照组比较则无统计学差异.结论 bcl-2反义寡核苷酸能有效封闭bcl-2基因的表达,增强小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H69对X线的敏感性.     

bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H69放射敏感性的影响

目的研究bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对人小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H69放射敏感性的影响。方法将NCI-H69细胞培养传代,然后将细胞分为反义寡核苷酸组、正义寡核苷酸组、无义寡核苷酸组和空白对照组,通过脂质体将不同寡核苷酸导入细胞中,用Western-Blot法检测Bcl-2蛋白的表达。采用直线加速器分别以不同剂量（0、2、4、6、8、10 Gy）X线照射4组细胞。收集照射后的细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,MTT法测定细胞存活分数。结果Western-Blot杂交显示反义寡核苷酸组无Bcl-2蛋白表达,相对正义寡核苷酸组、无义寡核苷酸组及空白对照组Bcl-2蛋白表达明显受到抑制（F=7.24-15.31,q=5.03-7.80,P〈0.01）。细胞经X线照射后,反义寡核苷酸组细胞凋亡率明显高于空白对照组,差异具有显著性（F=7.24-15.31,q=5.03-7.80,P〈0.01）;正义寡核苷酸组和无义寡核苷酸组与空白对照组相比无统计学差异。4组细胞接受辐射后,反义寡核苷酸组在未照射和照射不同剂量后的存活分数均低于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义（F=11.04-45.56,q=5.10-14.75,P〈0.01）,而正义寡核苷酸和无义寡核苷酸组与空白对照组比较则无统计学差异。结论bcl-2反义寡核苷酸能有效封闭bcl-2基因的表达,增强小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H69对X线的敏感性。     

Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对放射治疗诱导肺癌细胞凋亡的促进作用

目的通过体外试验,研究Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对放射治疗诱导肺癌细胞凋亡的促进作用。方法NCI-H446肺癌细胞株分5组,分别为空白对照、单纯照射组、脂质体加照射组、无义序列加照射组、反义寡核苷酸加照射组。培养至6h、12h、24h、48h和72h,分别收集各组细胞,瑞吉染色做细胞形态学分析,应用RT-PCR半定量测定p53、Bcl-2和PTEN基因的mRNA表达,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞DNA倍体,分析细胞凋亡指数。结果Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸联合照射后p53和PTEN表达明显增加,Bcl-2mRNA表达则明显降低。流式细胞仪检测照射后72h空白对照组、照射组、脂质体加照射组、无义序列加照射组、反义寡核苷酸加照射组凋亡率分别为0.14±0.09,13.17±2.47,11.84±1.76,13.72±1.4,21.26±2.97,反义寡核苷酸加照射组与其余4组比较差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对放射治疗诱导肺癌细胞凋亡有促进作用;细胞凋亡受p53和Bcl-2基因调控,p53基因的表达促进了细胞的凋亡,而Bcl-2基因的高表达抑制细胞的凋亡,PETN的表达与凋亡也有相关性。     

chk1反义寡核苷酸增加HeLa细胞顺铂作用下凋亡敏感性

目的:通过反义封闭chk1基因,阻断细胞周期检测点信号传导通路,从而增加宫颈癌HeLa细胞对顺铂(DDP)的敏感性. 方法:采用MTT法检测梯度浓度DDP作用人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa 24,48和72 h后对细胞的生长抑制率. 以脂质体为载体将chk1正义链和反义链转染HeLa细胞,用Western Blot测量Chk1蛋白的表达,用流式细胞仪和TUNEL法检测DDP作用后细胞凋亡率. 结果:DDP对HeLa细胞有生长抑制作用,并有时间和浓度依赖性. 反义封闭chk1基因可抑制Chk1蛋白表达(P＜0.01), DDP作用下细胞凋亡率为54.1%,高于转染正义链的34.2%(P＜0.01). 结论:反义封闭chk1基因可增加HeLa细胞对DDP的凋亡敏感性.     

Chk1反义寡核苷酸影响胶质瘤放疗敏感性的研究

目的:观察转染Chk1反义寡核苷酸(ASON)后,对照射后U251细胞株中Chk1表达、细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响。方法:采用脂质体转染法,Chkl的正义、反义寡核苷酸对U251细胞株进行Chkl转染。以放射线照射后,测定其细胞周期和凋亡率变化,比较Chkl转染正义链和反义链对细胞放射敏感性的不同。用WesternBlot法检测Chk1蛋白,RealtimePCR检测Chk1mRNA表达。结果:转染Chk1反义寡核苷酸后,能明显下调Chk1蛋白和mRNA的表达,显著增强放射线诱导的肿瘤细胞凋亡,并消除细胞周期阻滞。结论:反义核酸技术灭活Chk1基因显著增强放疗诱导的U251细胞凋亡,为增敏胶质瘤的放射治疗提供了理论依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.